Munyika inodzorwa nemakomputa akafanana iyo inodana pfungwa yedu kuziva ndezvipi zvikamu zvekombuta, Ndezvipi zvikamu zvekombuta? uye dzinosanganisira chii zvikamu zvekombuta nemabasa azvo. Muchinyorwa chino iwe uchaziva, nekuda kweiyo chaiyo uye yakadzama ruzivo, ndezvipi zvikamu zvekombuta? Uye maitiro emabasa ayo makuru.
Zvikamu zvemakomputa
Sezvaungave uchitoziva, makomputa ndiwo quintessential maturusi ebasa nhasi. Uye ndosaka tichizoratidza tsananguro uye kushanda kwezvikamu zvekombuta.
Mune system unit kana Nyaya ndiyo yakawanda yezvikamu kana zvikamu zvekombuta, senge RAM memory, vhidhiyo kadhi, magetsi ekupa, pakati pevamwe. Izvi zvikamu zvakabatanidzwa kune yakavharirwa netambo uye / kana madoko.
Panyaya yemalaptops kana malaptops, zvikamu zvakaita sembeva, kiibhodhi, vatauri, pakati pevamwe vanobatanidzwa munyaya yacho.Chokutanga, tichataura nezve "brain", iyo ingangove imwe yezvikamu zvakakosha zvekombuta. kuti varipo.
Central Kugadziridza Unit
Zviri nani kuzivikanwa seCPU (Central Processing Unit). Central Processing Unit chimwe chezvikamu zvekombuta zviri mukati meCabinet. Iyo inotarisira kutsvaga, kududzira, kuita uye kunyora zvakare mirairo yehurongwa. Zvese zvikamu zvinotungamirwa uye zvinorairwa neCPU.
Iyo CPU inoumbwa nemabhuraki matatu: iyo control unit, iyo yekugadzirisa unit uye yekupinza / yekubuda bhazi.
CU
Aya mayuniti ekudzora anotsvaga iyo hard disk yekuchengetera nzvimbo yealgorithms kana mirairo, kuvadudzira uye wozoraira iyo Process Unit kuti iite.
Maitiro unit:
Mushure meKudzora Unit yawana uye kudhirodha mirairo inofanirwa kuitwa, inotumira izvi zviratidzo kuKugadziridza Unit kuti iite. Zvadaro, iyo Process Unit inotarisira kuita zvinongedzo zvakarairwa neKudzora Unit.
Iyo Process Unit inewo, iyo Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU):
Arithmetic Logic Unit:
Iyo yemukati hurongwa hwehurongwa inoshandisa masvomhu akareruka, akadai sekuwedzera, kubvisa, kuwanda, kupatsanura kana kushandura zviratidzo. Iyo zvakare ine zvine musoro maopareta senge NOT, UYE, KANA, XOR, kana nemabatiro ane musoro akadai sekuenzanisa zvishoma, kuchinjika, kana kutenderera.
Mazuva ano, maCPU akashanduka, ave nemacores akati wandei, uye nucleus yega yega ine akati wandei maExecution Units, ayo ane akati wandei Arithmetic Logic Units.
ALUs anogonawo kuwanikwa mumavhidhiyo ekugadzirisa mifananidzo makadhi kana, sekuzivikanwa kwavanoitwa, vhidhiyo makadhi. Kubatsirwa kwechikamu chega chega chekombuta ine Arithmetic Logic Units zvakazvimirira ndechekuti kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa kubva kuCentral Processing Unit hakudzivirirwe.
BUS yekuisa / kuburitsa:
Ndiyo nzira yega yega yekutaurirana ine basa rekumisikidza kubatana pakati pezvikamu zvekombuta.
Kombiyuta inogona kutariswa seine kuita kwakanaka kunoenderana nekumhanyisa kwayo kugadzirisa, kana software yayo iri-ku-date, uye nzvimbo yayo yemukati yekurangarira. Aya maitiro matatu ane chekuita nekuchengetwa kwekombuta.
Kombiyuta inogona kuramba ichichengeta ruzivo kunyangwe yakadzima. Izvo zvikamu zviviri zvikuru zvinochengeta data iHard Drive uye RAM Memory Card.
Hard Disk
Inogonawo kuzivikanwa seHard Disk Drive kana Hard Disk Drive, asi inonyanya kuzivikanwa seHard Disk. Iri rine basa rekuunganidza zvingangoita ruzivo rwese rwezvishandiso, zvirongwa uye mafaera aripo pakombuta.
Zita rayo rinobva pamagadzirirwo arakaitwa, sezvo riine dhisiki rimwe chete kana akawanda akaomarara akagadzirwa kana kuvharwa nemagineti. Kana paine anopfuura dhisiki rimwe chete, anoiswa rimwe pamusoro peimwe, aine pakati peumwe neumwe akamiswa muverengi / rekodhi. Mashoko acho anonyorwa nemagineti pamadhisiki kuitira kuti arege kudzimwa uye anogona kudzoserwa kana akanganisa.
RAM ndangariro
Iyo RAM ndangariro kubva muchidimbu chayo muChirungu "Random Access Memory", kana Random Access Memory, inochengeta ruzivo rwuri kubatwa panguva iyoyo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti inochengeta data kwenguva pfupi, nechinangwa chekuve nedata ravari kushanda naro panguva iyoyo mukati mekusvika kushoma.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti kukwanisa kuvhura zvinopfuura imwe application panguva imwe chete, uye kuti ese ari maviri ari kushanda panguva imwe chete pasina komputa yedu kuparara, ndeyekutenda kune RAM ndangariro. Muchokwadi, humwe hunhu hwatinofanira kufunga nezvahwo kana tichitenga komputa, uye kunyangwe mbozhanhare, ndeye RAM ndangariro.
Ruzivo rwese rwuri mundangariro ye RAM ruchadzimwa kana tadzima komputa yedu, kunyangwe izvi zvisingareve kuti ndeyechokwadi. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti, sezvatakambotaura, basa rayo ndere kuchengetedza iyo data inoshandiswa panguva ino. Ndiko kuti, inochengetedza ruzivo rwakakosha pakuitwa kwemafaira kana mapurogiramu, asi kwete iyo faira kana chirongwa pachayo, sezvo izvi zvakachengetwa paHard Drive.
Motherboard
The motherboard, motherboard kana main board chikamu chekombuta uye mumuviri chine kadhi remagetsi rine:
- Simba rekushandisa magetsi
- Imwe chete kana yakawanda processor Central Processing Unit socket
- RAM slots
- Yakabatanidzwa maseketi kana chipset.
Zvese zvikamu zvekombuta zvichange zvakabatana nebhodhi iri, saka Bhobhobhobho reMaibhobhobhobho rinofanira kuenderana nezvimwe zvese. Naizvozvo, iyo Motherboard inogadza huwandu uye mhando dzeRAM ndangariro, Disk Units, Vhidhiyo Makadhi, uye mamwe ayo anogona kushanda nawo pamwechete.
ROM (Yekuverenga Chete Memory) ndangariro inosanganiswa muMotherboard. ROM haifanirwe kuvhiringika ne RAM, sezvo ROM ine ruzivo rusingakwanise kudzimwa kana kunyorwa patsva. Ndosaka ichinzi Kuverenga Chete Memory. ROM ndipo panowanikwa BIOS firmware, iyo inoita ongororo yekhibhodi, zvishandiso, uye vhidhiyo. Uyezve, iyo BIOS firmware ndiyo iyo sisitimu yekushandisa inotakurwa kana kuchengetwa.
tarisisa
Iyo yekutarisa ndeimwe yezvikamu zvekombuta inoratidzwa mushandisi interface. Mune makomputa ekare, mamonitor asati avapo, zviratidzo zvakatumirwa kune anoshanda nemwenje. Gare gare, makadhi akarohwa akabuda. Ipapo ma teletypes akaoneka. Pakupedzisira, mukati me70s mamonitor ekutanga akagadzirwa.
mbeva
Inozivikanwa muchiSpanish sembeva, iri kutungamira kuve gwara reinongedzo yatinoona pane yedu yekutarisa. Iyi pointer inoratidza kune sisitimu kana isu tichida kuvhura / kuvhara, sarudza / distill, activate / deactivate, maapplication, mirairo kana system mabasa.
Iyo ine mabhatani maviri, huru (kuruboshwe), uye yechipiri (kurudyi). Makonzo akanyanya-kusvika-mazuva pamusika haana waya, zvichireva kuti haadi tambo. Saizvozvo, ine vhiri rekupuruzira kumusoro nekudzika muhwindo kana pachiratidziri.
Yekhibhodi
Kiibhodhi chimwe chezvikamu zvekombuta chinoumbwa nemabhatani ane manhamba, mavara uye zvibodzwa zvepumisikidzo. Kune zvakare makiyi anonzi makiyi ekushanda, makiyi ekufambisa, uye makiyi enhamba.
Tinokukoka iwe kuti uverenge chinyorwa «zvikamu zvemakomputa»Apo isu tinotsanangura zvakadzama chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu zvekombuta uye kuti ungaunganidza sei mudziyo wako wega.