Kubemi baseGuatemala njengakulo naliphi na elinye ilizwe, xa ubudlelwane buphela ngenxa yoqhawulo-mtshato; Kuya kufuneka ukwazi ukuba ngawaphi amanyathelo ekufuneka elandelwe kwezi meko. Kweli nqaku sibonisa iimfuneko zoqhawulo-mtshato eGuatemala.
Iimfuneko zoqhawulo-mtshato eGuatemala
Iimfuneko zoqhawulo-mtshato eGuatemala zinokuguquguquka kakhulu ngokwenkqubo esetyenziswayo kunye nemigaqo yokwahlukaniswa okuxeliweyo kwabo bobabini amaqabane. Noko ke, yonke imitshato yoqhawulo-mtshato inophawu lokuba yeyasekuhlaleni.
Okwangoku sibona iindidi ezimbini zoqhawulo-mtshato ezinokuthi zenziwe eGuatemala kwaye njengeemfuno eziyimfuneko okanye iiparamitha, oku kulandelayo kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo:
- Yiba nesizathu esicacileyo nesivakalayo sokuqhawula umtshato.
- Iziqinisekiso zokuzalwa zabantwana abazalwa ngexesha lomtshato, ukuba bancinci.
- Izivumelwano zomtshato okanye izivumelwano zangaphambi komtshato, ukuba kuyimfuneko.
- Isatifiketi somtshato esiqinisekiswe ngokufanelekileyo.
- Naluphi na olunye ulwazi olongezelelweyo olufunekayo.
- Iimeko zoqhawulo-mtshato kunye neemfuno ngokohlobo lwenkqubo efunekayo.
kuqhawulo-mtshato olukhawulezayo
Ukususela ekubeni igama elaziwa ngokuba “luqhawulo-mtshato olucacileyo” lwenziwa laziwa eGuatemala, kuye kwaveliswa inkxalabo enkulu ngalo kuluntu lwaseGuatemala.
Ngokuchasene nesiko loqhawulo-mtshato elaziwa ngabantu abaninzi, igama elinjalo ekubhekiselwa kulo “njengoqhawulo-mtshato olucacileyo”, alidli ngokuba yinto ecingwa luninzi lwabantu ngokuphathelele amalungelo osapho.
EGuatemala zimbini kuphela iindlela zokwenza inkqubo yoqhawulo-mtshato: a) ngesivumelwano sobabini okanye uqhawulo-mtshato ngokuzithandela kunye b) nangentando yomnye wabatshati okanye uqhawulo-mtshato oluqhelekileyo.
Oku kwaziwa ngoku “njengoqhawulo-mtshato olucacileyo” eGuatemala. Oku kube nesiqalo ngenxa yokuqukunjelwa komyalelo we-27-2010, ngakumbi inqaku le-156 lekhowudi yoluntu, lashiywa ngolu hlobo: ibe ngokuzithandela. Isenzo sinokukhuthazwa lelinye kula maqabane mabini.
Inombolo yecandelwana lesine lenqaku le-155 libeka ngokucacileyo ukuba oonobangela abakhankanywe njengokulahlwa ngokuzithandela kwekhaya lomtshato kunye nokungabikho ngokungafanelekanga ixesha elingaphezu konyaka, ngokuqhelekileyo zizizathu eziqhelekileyo zokufumana ukwahlukana okanye uqhawulo-mtshato phakathi kwamaqabane omabini.
Oku kuvumela zombini ngendlela elula ukucingela ukungabikho ngokungafanelekanga okanye ukulahlwa ngokuzithandela kwekhaya lomtshato okanye ikhaya elimiselwe isicelo soqhawulo-mtshato. Kumaxesha angaphambili, kuphela liqabane elingazange lishiye ikhaya okanye ikhaya lomtshato okanye elingekhoyo ixesha elingaphezu konyaka, elalinokucela olu khetho.
Ngesi sizathu, igama elithi "uqhawulo-mtshato olucacileyo" luhlaziyo kuphela ebesiluchazile kwimihlathi edlulileyo. Oku akuhambelani nenkqubo yoqhawulo-mtshato, ngoko ke akukho miqathango ithile okanye amaxwebhu afunekayo kulo mba.
Kuyinyani ukuba iququzelela inkqubo yoqhawulo-mtshato xa kukho isizathu esifanele kucingelwa kuphela, nangona kunjalo idibanisa izinto ngaphakathi koqeqesho lobuchwephesha.
Iimfuneko zoqhawulo-mtshato olungachaswanga
Uqhawulo-mtshato ngesivumelwano phakathi kwamaqabane luba sesinye sezona zizathu zimbini zisetyenziswa kakhulu ngenjongo yokuqhawula umtshato eGuatemala. Ukuze kwenziwe oko, kuyimfuneko ukuba omabini amaqabane acace kwaye kufuneka ahlangabezane nezi mfuno zilandelayo:
- Yiba nonyaka omnye ubuncinane nitshatile.
- Izatifikethi zomtshato eziqinisekiswe ngokufanelekileyo.
- Isiqinisekiso sokuzalwa sabantwana, ukuba sikhona.
- Izivumelwano zomtshato okanye izivumelwano zangaphambi komtshato.
- Inkcazo yee-asethi ezifunyenwe ngexesha lomtshato ngamaqabane omabini.
- Ukuba unabantwana abancinci, kufuneka ubonise isivumelwano esikhankanya oku kulandelayo:
- Ngubani ofanele abe nogcino kunye notyelelo kwiqabane elingahlali nabantwana.
- Baza kufundiswa ngabani, bondliwe kwaye bangakanani na.
- Chaza ipenshoni umyeni ekuya kufuneka ayihlawule emfazini ukuba akanayo ingeniso efunekayo yokuhlangabezana neemfuno zakhe.
- Xa uqhawulo-mtshato lwenziwe ngesivumelwano sobabini, ubude baso bunokuba malunga neenyanga ezintathu ngokwemiqathango yokulungiswa kwenkqubo.
Iimfuneko zoqhawulo-mtshato ngesizathu esithile
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, eGuatemala zimbini kuphela iindlela zoqhawulo-mtshato: ngokuvumelana kunye nangentando yomnye wabatshati, eyesibini ikwabizwa ngokuba “luqhawulo-mtshato ngesizathu esithile”. Ukucela olu hlobo loqhawulo-mtshato, iimeko ezithile okanye izizathu ezithile kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo, esizihlela ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Ukungathembeki.
- Unyango olubi.
- Iinzame zomnye wabatshati ngokuchasene nobomi babantwana okanye omnye umlingane.
- Ukwahlukana, ukulahlwa ngokuzithandela kwekhaya lomtshato okanye ukungabikho ngokungafanelekanga ixesha elingaphezu konyaka omnye.
- Xa umfazi ezala umntwana owakhawulwa ngaphambi kokuba abhiyozele umtshato. Oku kusebenza kuphela xa umyeni wayengazi ngokukhulelwa ngaphambi kokuba atshate.
- Ukuphembelela indoda ukuba ihenyuze okanye yonakele abantwana.
- Ukwala komnye wabatshati ukuthobela uxanduva lomthetho ngokunxulumene nesibini okanye abantwana ngexesha lomtshato.
- Ukuchithwa kweemali zasekhaya.
- Imikhwa yokungcakaza, ukusela utywala okanye ukusetyenziswa ngendlela engachanekanga nokungaguqukiyo kweziyobisi okanye iziyobisi.
- Isikhalazo solwaphulo-mthetho okanye isityholo sokunyelisa ukusuka kwelinye iqabane ukuya kwelinye.
- Ukuba omnye kwaba babini batshatileyo anikezele ngesigwebo sokugqibela enetyala, ngokolwaphulo-mthetho olufanele isohlwayo esingaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu entolongweni.
- Isifo esinganyangekiyo, esibi kwaye esosulelayo.
- Ukungabi namandla ngokupheleleyo okanye okulinganiselweyo okungakuvumeli ukuzala, ukuba nje akunyangeki kwaye kulandele umtshato.
- Isigulo sengqondo esinganyangekiyo nokuba liliphi na iqabane, nto leyo eyingozi ngokwaneleyo ukuba ivakalise ukunqunyanyiswa.
Ukwahlula kwisigwebo sokugqibela
Uqhawulo-mtshato, xa lungenxa yesizathu esithile, kwaye lunxamnye nentando yomnye wabatshati, kuya kufuna ukuthethwa kwetyala kwaye kunokuthatha malunga neenyanga ezilishumi ukuya kunyaka onesiqingatha.
Njengoko sibona, amanyathelo okanye iimfuno zokuqhubeka noqhawulo-mtshato eGuatemala zilula kakhulu kwaye kulula ukuziphumeza. Amaphepha awaqhelekanga ukuba yinto enzima ngolo hlobo, ngaphandle kokuba kukho abantwana abancinci ukuba kuyimfuneko ukubonisa iziqinisekiso zokuzalwa ezifanelekileyo zabantwana.
Ngokunjalo, eli nqaku limisela ipension eya kunikwa abantwana xa kusenzeka ukuba kubekho ukwahlukana kwaye omnye kwaba babini batshatileyo kufuneka agqithisele ukutya nesondlo kumntwana omncinci, konke oku kuya kusekwa phantsi kwemithetho yayo. kunye nemithetho ukuba bawumise, kodwa luhlala luyimfanelo yomnye kubazali.
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