Ukuba ufuna ukwazi yonke into malunga noku Iimpawu zeMicrosoft Windows, kweli nqaku sikulethela yonke into okufuneka uyazi malunga nale Nkqubo yokuSebenza, imbali yazo zonke iinguqulelo zayo kunye nezinye iingenelo kunye nokungalunganga. Ukucacisa ukuba kutheni ibiyeyona nto isetyenziswayo kwaye isaqhubeka iyeyona isetyenziswa kwihlabathi liphela iminyaka emininzi.
Yintoni kwaye zithini iiMpawu zikaMicrosoft Windows?
IWindows yenziwe yinkampani yeMicrosoft, yiNkqubo yokuSebenza yabasebenzisi abaninzi, yenzelwe ukuba isetyenziswe kwiikhompyuter zedesktop kunye neelaptops kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, ukwenziwa kwenkqubo, ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza ufundo, ukubalisa, ukuhlelwa, ukucinywa, kwakhona. ukwenza kunye nokwenza amaxwebhu ahlukeneyo. Ingasetyenziswa kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kunye nemisebenzi.
Phakathi Iimpawu zeMicrosoft Windows Kufunyaniswe ukuba yinkqubo yonxibelelwano efikelelekayo, kwaye ayibonisi ubunzima ekusingathweni kwayo nguye nawuphi na umsebenzisi, onamava okanye ngaphandle kolwazi oluthile kwisifundo sekhompyuter. Igama layo libonisa indlela eyenza ngayo umsebenzi wayo, kuba indlela evezwa ngayo kwisikrini ngeefestile ezahlukeneyo kwaye, kuzo, yonke imisebenzi kunye nezicelo ezinokuthi zenziwe yiprogram.
Xa le software yaqala ukusebenza kwiminyaka yamashumi alithoba, yaqalisa ukususa inkqubo yokusebenza ye-MS-DOS, kwaye ezi nkqubo zaziyi-Windows 1.X kunye ne-2.X. Ngaphandle kokuba zenze ukutshintshwa, zazidinga uncedo lwakho ukuze zikwazi ukusebenza. , de kwaba ngowe-1998 kwenziwa iWindows 98.
Ukususela ngaloo mzuzu iinkqubo zokusebenza zeWindows zinokusebenza ngaphandle kwenkxaso yaloo nkqubo yakudala, ngolu kukhululwa kwakukho nokukhululwa kunye nenkampani yeMicrosoft kwinkampani eyenza i-MS-DOS.
Namhlanje kukho Windows 10 inkqubo, eyona yamva nje kwiinkqubo ezenziwe nguMicrosoft, kwiikhompyuter zehlabathi yenye yezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu, ukusukela ekudalweni kwayo ibisoloko ikwindawo yokuqala, ekubeni ndisebenzisa ezinye iinkqubo zokusebenza. ezisondele kakhulu malunga nokuthandwa, njenge-Apple Mac OS kunye neLinux.
IiPropathi zikaMicrosoft Windows
Las Iimpawu zeMicrosoft Windows, zininzi kwaye ziyabonakala kubo bonke abaxhamli bemisebenzi yenkqubo. Kwaye benza umsebenzi wenziwe ngaphandle kobunzima, phakathi kwabo kukho ezi propati zilandelayo:
- Idesika yoMsebenzi. Kwinkqubo yokusebenza ilungelelaniswe ngokupheleleyo kumsebenzisi, yenzelwe ukuba iboniswe kuyo yonke indawo yesikrini sekhompyuter, inenzuzo yokukwazi ukubeka kuyo zonke iingenelo ezithe ngqo kwizicelo ezenziweyo. esetyenziswa kakhulu, olu ncedo Luhlaziywa kwaye luphuculwe ngendlela enye iWindows eguquka ngayo, itshintsha uyilo lwe icon kunye nemisebenzi.
- Imenyu. Inoluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi ethile eyenzayo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeerekhodi, ezifana:
- Khuphela.
- Cola.
- Sika.
- Ikwavumela ukuba ufake iimpawu zabo.
- windows iqhosha lokuqala. Kuyipropati ebaluleke kakhulu, ifana nomnyango ovula ihlabathi lale nkqubo yokusebenza, ngaphakathi kweqhosha i-Start Menu apho yonke imisebenzi enokuthi yenziwe kwikhompyutheni ikhona.
- Qala Imenyu. Le menu inoxanduva lokulawula iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinye izicelo ezibekwe kwindlela yokusebenza ngendlela ehleliweyo nesekiweyo.
- Ibar yomsebenzi. Le bar inomsebenzi omkhulu kule nkqubo, ngumcu otyhila usetyenziso olwahlukileyo olusebenzayo ngexesha lomsebenzisi esebenza kwikhompyuter, ikwanokukhetha ukuseta ii-icon ezahlukeneyo zemisebenzi enomsebenzi omkhulu, kwaye ngaloo ndlela ufikelele kubo ngokukhawuleza.
- IiWindows zokuPhunyezwa kweMisebenzi, usetyenziso kunye neeNkqubo. Ngumsebenzi apho igama lenkqubo yokusebenza lizalwa, ukuba ukuguqulelwa kwegama kuyenziwa Windows ngeSpanish oko kuthetha iwindow, kwaye ezi zizo zifunyenwe kuyilo lweWindows, inokubonwa kwidesktop, kwaye kukhetho ngalunye olufuna ukuqhutywa, zonke ziboniswa ngefestile apho ubukhulu kuphela, umbala, mhlawumbi indlela yokubonisa. ngokwakho kwisikrini kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo kwindima eyabelwe wena.
- Iphaneli yokulawula. Phakathi kweempawu zeMicrosoft Windows, le yenye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo, ezivumela umsebenzisi ukuba enze imisebenzi eyahlukahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwelula njengokutshintsha umbala weskrini ongasemva ukuya kulawo asetyenziswayo kwaye kufuneka wazi ukuba ukwenza, umzekelo, ukutshintsha useto lwendlela yokusebenza.
- Uncedo neNkxaso. Njengenye yeendlela zokusebenza ezisebenzayo, inephakheji apho inika uncedo kumsebenzisi, ukusombulula nayiphi na ingxaki evelayo kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo, okanye unqwenela ukwandisa ulwazi kumcimbi othile wenkqubo yokusebenza. Lo msebenzi ubonelela ngoncedo kunye nenkxaso kumsebenzisi ukusuka kwindlela esisiseko ukuya kuyo inokwandiswa kuncedo, kuxhomekeke kuguqulelo lweWindows olusetyenziswayo.
- Iimpawu. Luphawu lomzobo kumboniso omncinci weenkqubo kunye nezenzo ezifakwe kwikhompyuter, luhlobo lokufikelela oluboniswa kwiscreen esikhulu esivumela ukufikelela ngokuthe ngqo kumsebenzi ofuna ukuwusebenzisa.
- Umphathi weZibonelelo. Umsebenzi wayo kukudala imilinganiselo yezenzo okanye ulwazi olufakwe kwinkqubo yokusebenza, ukushiya indlela ekhululekile ukuba isetyenziswe ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo, ngale ndlela iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulawula zinokuqhutywa ngexesha elinye, njengokuvula iifestile ezininzi. nganye inemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, ulwazi lokukhuphela, njl. Esi sixhobo saphunyezwa ngeWindows Vista.
I-Evolution yeWindows Operating Systems
Ukususela ekuqaleni kokudalwa kwenkqubo yokusebenza, inkampani yeMicrosoft yenze utshintsho olubaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo, ifumanisa izinto ezintsha, ukuphucula iteknoloji yeWindows, zonke ezi zihlaziyo zivela kule nkampani.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku iinguqulelo ezilishumi elinesibini zenkqubo sele zenziwe, umahluko ophawulekayo ukusuka kwenye ukuya kwenye, ngokuqinisekileyo ukugcinwa kwezinto ezithile eziphawula inkqubo yokusebenza. IiWindows zenziwe yinkampani yeMicrosoft, kolu hlaziyo lulandelayo luya kuboniswa ngokolandelelwano lwenkangeleko:
IWindows 1.X kunye neWindows 2.X
Ezi ziinkqubo zokuqala zokusebenza ezikhoyo, ezenzelwe uguqulelo lweWindows, oluthathe indawo yeNkqubo yokuSebenza ye-MS-DOS, enye yeempawu zayo kukuba iqwalaselwe kwi-monochrome, kodwa inokuphunyezwa ngemibala ngenxa yomthamo wayo wokwenza.
IWindows 3.X
Apha kwaqala ukuvela kwenkqubo, ibeka inkqubo yonxibelelwano evezwa ngokupheleleyo ngombala, ukusuka kulo mzuzu isoftware yeWindows iqala ngokusetyenziswa kwemisebenzi apho isikrini esiphambili sinokwenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokubeka ii-icon kwidesktop ezona zininzi. esetyenzisiweyo.
IWindows NT okanye iTekhnoloji eNtsha
Yinkqubo esebenzayo eyayinxuseneyo kwaye ikuhlobo lokukhuphisana nezinye iinkqubo zokusebenza ezifana ne-UNIX, eyona nto ingcono ngelo xesha, kunye nayo iinkqubo zoyilo lweemodyuli zezi nguqulelo zilandelayo zeenkqubo zokusebenza zasekwa kwaye zaphunyezwa.
95 Windows
Njengoko kubhaliwe kwisihloko sayo, indalo yayo yenzeka ngo-1995, yayiyinxalenye yenkqubela phambili enkulu kwitekhnoloji yekhompyuter kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza, ngenxa yazo zonke indaleko eyayinazo ngelo xesha, ngenxa yokuba yenza utshintsho kwi-32 amasuntswana, oku iimpawu kunye nokunxibelelana kwekhompyuter kunye nomsebenzisi kwaphuculwa, yaqala kwiPlug kunye neDlala izicelo, eyona nto ingenalo unxibelelwano nazo zonke izixhobo.
98 Windows
Ukugcina imisebenzi eyayinayo inguqulo yangaphambili, nangona kukho uphuculo kunye nezinto ezintsha, phakathi kwazo kukuba ukusebenza kwePlug kunye nokuDlala kwakusele ikhulu leepesenti, njengoko uya khumbula kwinguqulo yangaphambili ayizange isebenze ngokupheleleyo. Ithwele inani lama-98, kuba yadalwa ngonyaka ka-1998.
2000 Windows
Ukulandela inkqubo yokubeka unyaka wokudala, oku kuqale kunyaka ka-2000, kwaye yinkqubo yokusebenza ethatha indawo yeWindows NT ngohlengahlengiso lwayo, ngolu guqulelo lutsha imizobo ye-64-bit yaqala ukusebenza. Kufuneka kongezwe ukuba ngale Windows unxulumano kunye ne-Active Directory inkqubo nayo yaqala.
Windows Millennium
Ingena kuluhlu oluncinci lweeWindows ezazingaziwa kakhulu, nangona yayinguvulindlela ekunxibelelaneni kweenkqubo zeWindows kunye nezixhobo ze-USB kunye namachweba, nokubala kubudlelwane bezixhobo ezikhankanyiweyo zePlug kunye nokuDlala, apho iinguqulelo zangaphambili azizange. t baleka.
XP Windows
Phakathi kweeNkqubo zokuSebenza zeenguqulelo zangaphambili, yeyokuqala eyayinoncedo olukude ukusombulula nayiphi na ingxaki ngekhompyutheni kunye nolunye uncedo olongezelelweyo, ukusuka apha kwazalwa ubudlelwane obunayo ikhompyutha kunye neNkonzo yoNcedo kunye noncedo lwe Inkampani kaMicrosoft ngeenkqubo ze-intanethi, inkonzo enikezelwa iiyure ezingamashumi amabini anesine ngosuku, iintsuku ezisixhenxe ngeveki.
Vista Windows
Ngale nkqubo yokusebenza, uphuculo lwenziwa ngokwesantya sokwenza izinto ezininzi ezibonelelwa yiWindows kwaye bekukho nophuhliso olubalaseleyo kwinto enento yokwenza nokhuseleko lwekhompyuter, kunye nokudalwa kweWindows Defender.
7 Windows
Inkqubo yokuSebenza elawula ukunciphisa ubudlelwane bomsebenzisi kunye neWindows, okwenza olu tshintshiselwano lwenzeke ngendlela ehambelanayo kunye neyonwabileyo, izisa ibar yomsebenzi ephuculweyo kwimisebenzi yayo, okwenza iiankile ziqhube ngendlela efihliweyo njengoko kwezinye izicelo. kunye neenkqubo, nayo inegalelo eliphuculweyo, linomsebenzi wokuba ibar yomsebenzi inokufihlwa.
8 Windows
Inemisebenzi efana kakhulu nohlobo lwangaphambili lweWindows, izisa izicelo eziye zaphucuka, ngokwembono yoyilo, itshintshile ibe ngumfanekiso oqaqambileyo kwaye inenkqubo apho ingasetyenziselwa ukukhuphela. luhlobo lwe-App Store, oku kwenziwa okokuqala kolu guqulelo.
10 Windows
YiNkqubo yokuSebenza eyenziwe yinkampani yeMicrosoft, ezisa inani lohlengahlengiso kwinto enento yokwenza neempawu zayo kumsebenzisi ezinjengomgangatho obonakalayo, ngokwemigaqo yokubonisa, kananjalo imisebenzi yeenkqubo inokungatshintshi okukhulu kunokudala. iinguqulelo, nangona bezikwimarike ixesha elithile, zihlala zisenza uphuculo kwinkqubo yazo kwaye nabani na ongumsebenzisi wale nkqubo yokusebenza kufuneka alwazi uhlaziyo olufanelekileyo.
Ezinye iiNzuzo kunye nokungalunganga zikaMicrosoft Windows
Phakathi Iimpawu zeMicrosoft Windows, kukho iingenelo, phakathi kwazo:
- Izibonelelo. IWindows iyafikeleleka kwaye inokuqondwa nguwuphi na umsebenzisi, akuyimfuneko ukuba nezifundo ezithile zokulawula inkqubo, ukusuka kumntwana ukuya kumntu omdala unokusebenzisa imisebenzi yayo.
- Uxhaso lobuchwepheshe. Luncedo olwenziwa kwi-intanethi, olunokucela inkonzo yoncedo nangaliphi na ixesha kunye nosuku, ngokwenza nje uqhagamshelo ngenkqubo efanayo yokusebenza, ukuba kuyimfuneko ngomnxeba okanye ngokuthumela imiyalezo.
- ukuhambelana. Le yinzuzo enkulu yokuba iinkqubo zokusebenza zeWindows zinayo, kuba ziyakwazi ukuhambelana neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenkqubo, iipakethi zesicelo, kwaye apho amaxwebhu ahlukeneyo, iifayile, njl.
- Izixhobo ezininzi. Inenkqubo yokusebenza enokuthi isetyenziswe kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezifana neekhompyuter, iilaptops, iitafile kunye neeselfowuni zezizukulwana zamva nje.
Ngokumalunga nezinto ezingeloncedo Iimpawu zeMicrosoft Windows, ezinokuthi zivelele ngakumbi zezi:
- Iindleko. YiNkqubo yokuSebenza eneendleko eziphezulu, njengoko uhlaziyo luhlala lusenziwa, kunokwenzeka ukuba kufuneka uphucule izixhobo zakho ukuze uhlangabezane neemfuno ezinokuthi zihlaziywe, kwezinye iimeko ziyimfuneko ukuba tshintsha sonke isixhobo, konke kuxhomekeke ekubeni unexesha elingakanani i-hardware efakiweyo. Nangona kukho konke utyalo-mali, kuyimfuneko ukuba ube nekhompyutheni apho inkqubo yokusebenza isebenza ngokugqibeleleyo.
- Imiyalezo ethunyelwe kubasebenzisi. Njengoko iinkqubo zokusebenza zisebenzisana nomsebenzisi, zihlala zithumela imiyalezo, enokuthi ihlelwe njengento engafanelekanga, engafunekiyo ukuba iboniswe, kude kube ngaxa lithile ayihambelani nemisebenzi eyenziwayo, kwaye ayivumeli. sebenzela ukuqhubela phambili.
- Isondlo. Kunokuba nzima kunye nesiqhelo, kodwa kuyimfuneko ukwenza ugcino olufanelekileyo ukuthintela ukusilela kwixesha elizayo elinokuthi libe lingenakulungiseka, ngoko ke ukuze kuxhamle inkqubo yokusebenza kubalulekile ukucoca ngokubanzi kunye nohlengahlengiso oluvelayo. amaxesha ngamaxesha ukusuka macala.
- Iingxaki. Kwinkqubo yokusebenza kunokwenzeka ukuba kubekho ukuphazamiseka okwahlukileyo ngexesha elithile ekusebenziseni kwayo, ezinye zinokuba lula ukuzicombulula kwaye zinokusombululwa nguye nawuphi na umsebenzisi, nangona kunokwenzeka ukuba ingxaki inzima kangangokuba ifuna uncedo lwengcali. igcisa kwiinkqubo zokusebenza ukuba ikwazi ukusombulula ingxaki.
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