Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga Ukutshintsha kweesekethe zangoku Basebenza njani, zezantoni kwaye zenziwa njani? Ewe sukuhamba, kuba kwinqaku elilandelayo siza kukuxelela ngazo zonke iinkcukacha zayo.
Zithini ezinye iisekethe ezikhoyo kwaye zezantoni?
Elinye lawona masebe abaluleke kakhulu kwi-physics kwimbali zii-elektroniki, njengoko kubandakanya ubunjineli bobuchwephesha kunye netekhnoloji yokuqonda ukuhamba nokulawulwa kwee-elektroni. Ukuchongwa kwayo kusekwe kwityhubhu yokucoca enokwandisa imiqondiso emincinci kwiindawo ezinkulu ze-elektron.
I-elektroniki isebenze ngeesekethe zombane kwaye oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyiqonda kuba zibandakanya izinto ezinxulunyaniswa nezixhobo zombane, apho ngaphaya kwayo nayiphi na into eqhelekileyo yenziwe ngeesekethe ezihlanganisiweyo, iisenzi okanye iitransistors.
Izinto ezisebenzayo zichaphazeleka kukungaziphathi kakuhle, okwenza i-elektroniki isetyenziswe ngokubanzi ekusetyenzisweni kwedatha, ngaloo ndlela kuguqulwa izinto zombane okanye iinkqubo zolawulo kwisixhobo esizimeleyo.
Uninzi lwezixhobo ze-elektroniki zisebenzisa izinto ze-semiconductor, oko kukuthi, isayensi yombane kunye netekhnoloji kudala ixhalabile ngokugcina kunye nokuguqula amandla kwezinye iintlobo zezixhobo kusetyenziswa iintambo, iibhetri okanye iinjini.
Uninzi lwezinto ze-elektroniki zifumaneka kwizixhobo, ezinje ngesithethi, intambo, iswitshi, ibhetri, itransducer, phakathi kwabanye. Ukwenza ii-analogs emva koko zisebenze njenge-capacitor, diode, amplifier, njl., Izinto ezahlukeneyo ezisebenza njengezixhobo zenkqubo.
Ngokwenxalenye yayo, amandla ombane kukushukuma kwee-elektroni, kwaye zivelise okwangoku okuhamba ukusuka kokulungileyo ukuya kokubi. Kwaye ubungakanani bombane bubizwa intlawulo, amandla ombane, amandla, ukuxhathisa okanye amandla.
Iiathom zomzimba azithathi cala kwaye zinenani elifanayo leeproton ezihlawulisiweyo, ezibangela ukuba ngqo kunye nokutshintsha kwemisinga kwenziwe. Imijelo engqalileyo yezo ziveliswa ziibhetri, umzekelo, zibangela nayiphi na kuzo ukuba ivelise umbane ojikelezayo ojikeleza ngesamkeli.
Kwaye ke sifika ekutshintshiseni iisekethe zangoku, ezibandakanya indibaniselwano yezinto ezichasayo nezisebenza ngokudibeneyo kunye nomthombo ombane otshintshayo.
Kutheni kubalulekile ukwazi malunga nokutshintsha kwemijikelezo yangoku?
Ngokukwazi ukusebenzisa i-voltage, i-current current inokumiselwa ixesha elifutshane, iyenze yaziwe njengangoku okwethutyana, enika indlela kwindawo ekuthiwa yeyangoku.
Isiphaluka esitshintshayo sangoku sinokubandakanya umanyano lwezinto zokuchasana, amandla okanye ukuzenzela ngokwakho apho imoto ibonelela khona ngokutshintshisanayo yangoku. Ikwavumela ukufundwa ngokulula kwemisebenzi yabo yemijikelezo eyenziwe ngezinto zokuxhathisa.
Izinto zokuxhathisa zezi ziyilelwe ngokukodwa ukwazisa ukuxhathisa kombane phakathi kwamanqaku amabini wesekethe yombane. Ukongeza, abanye abatshintsha uhlalutyo lwangoku zii-capacitors kunye ne-inductors.
Abaphathi beecandelo labo baziwa ngokuba yi-capacitor kwisixhobo esingenzi nto, esinakho ukugcina amandla agcinwa yintsimi yombane. I-inductors zigcina ukusebenza ngokufanayo kwaye le coil yenziwe ngumqhubi, kwaye inxulumene nokungeniswa kwemagnethi ngesizathu esiyivelisayo, njengangoku.
Ngokumalunga nohlalutyo lwayo, isekethe yangoku etshintshayo inemisebenzi entsonkothileyo apho umlinganiso umahluko kufuneka usetyenzwe khona. Yonke imithombo yayo yesinusoidal kwaye inolawulo olumiselweyo nolumileyo, kuba iisekethe ezinedayode azifakwanga kwaye iziphumo zazo ziya kuba kukuthelekiswa kuphela.
Ukuchonga amandla ombane kunye nokuqina kwisebe ngalinye, kufuneka kusetyenziswe inkqubo yokulinganisa ngokwahlukeneyo ukuze wonke umsebenzi owenziwe ziisekethe waziwe. Le nkqubo inzima kakhulu, kuba kwimeko apho isekethe inamakhoyili angaphezulu kwesibini, kufuneka kusetyenziswe ii-equations ezahlukeneyo ukuze wazi ukuba umsebenzi ungaphela njani.
Ungayihlalutya njani kwaye uyenze le nkqubo?
Ukutshangatshangiswa kwamaza okwangoku kuvelisa ii-sinusoidal wave alternators, ethi kwangaxeshanye ivelise iliza elinye ukuya kuthi ga kumashumi amahlanu ngomzuzwana. Yintoni eyenza ukuba ibe nesantya esivelisiweyo samaza, amaxabiso aso anokuba ngumbane okanye amandla kumjikelo wombane ancitshiswe yi-trigonometry, imisebenzi enokunceda ukuphendula okanye ukuthintela ukuba ingasebenza njani.
Ixabiso ngalinye alinokwahluka kumaza, oko kukuthi, kwi-engile yokujikeleza i-hypotenuse kanxantathu iya kugcina elona xabiso liphezulu lomtshangatshangiso, lenze elona xabiso liphezulu lihlale lifana, ulinganiso okanye umsebenzi yeyona isetyenzisiweyo ukufumana amaxabiso ahlukeneyo Mzuzu ngamnye.
Kodwa ukuba sithetha ngenye into, la maxabiso angaba yiVoltage yangoko nangoko, ethi ivelise enye into endaweni yayo, ukuba awuzazi uninzi lwezi zihloko, siza kuyenzela lula. Lo mamkeli unokuqwalaselwa njengexabiso levolthi eqhagamshela kwindlela etshintshayo, kwaye ukuba idityaniswe nesamkeli, amandla okwangoku aya kuba nakho ukuhamba ngayo.
Kuxhomekeke kulowo wamkelayo, iliza liya kuqala ukulibaziseka okanye lihambele phambili, njengoko kukho iifasor eziza kwenza umbane kunye namandla okulinganisa alingane ne-sinusoidal. Ukuhlalutya ezinye iisekethe ezikhoyo, iinkqubo ezimbini kufuneka zisetyenziswe, enye yejiyometri yokujikeleza iivenkile kunye nenye esetyenziselwa amanani amsulwa.
Apho elona zinga liphezulu lixesha lamaxesha, kwaye iiyunithi zihlala zisetyenziselwa izinto ezikhoyo kunye nezingaphantsi kwayo, oku kutshintshana kungoku nje kuphakamisa amanani apheleleyo, njengemililamp kunye ne-microampere.
Rhoqo umbane otshintshayo ufuziselwa ngamaza ngaphakathi kwesangqa ukuze sahlulwe kumbane othe ngqo, omelwe yimigca emibini engalinganiyo nehambelana.
Iindidi zokutshintsha kweesekethe zangoku
Zininzi iintlobo zokutshintsha kweesekethe ezikhoyo, ukusuka kwezona zilula ukuya kwezona zinzima, ke ngoko sinezo zokumelana, iikhoyili okanye ii-capacitors.
Izinto ezichasayo kwisekethe zinokuxhathisa okudityaniswe nomthombo ombane otshintshanayo, othi ngokomthetho ukwenze ukuba ezinye izijikelezo ezikhoyo ezichasayo, ezibangela ukuba eli xesha likwisigaba lifikelele kumaxabiso aphezulu.
Imijikelezo ebangela umdla zii-coil ezinxulumene nokuqhubekeka ngoku kusetyenziswa i-equation yeepropathi zerilinganiselo ye-trigonometric, emva koko ibhalwe kumanqanaba ashukumayo ombane kunye nekhoyo ngoku, ebangela ukuba icothiswe iidigri ezingamashumi alithoba ngokubhekisele kumandla ombane wangoku oqala ngaphambi kwenqaku.
Ukuphendula okungafunekiyo kuchazwa njengokonyuka rhoqo kwaye kunemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo yokumelana, ke ngoko, sifika kwisekethe yokugqibela yamabanga aphantsi, eyile ye-capacitors. Inye iqhagamshelwe kumthombo wangoku otshintshanayo ohambelana nomthwalo ngokubhekisele kwixesha kwaye usebenza ukuqinisa amandla.
Kule meko, okwangoku kungaphambi kwevolthi kwaye, njengoko kunokubonwa, kuyanceda ukuphendula kwakhona kwe-capacitive okuye kunciphe rhoqo, ukuba neeyunithi zokumelana nokusetyenziswa kwazo.
Ixesha langoku litshintshwa ngamathuba athile ngengqondo yalo, kuba ngamaxesha okuqala bekusetyenziswa i-current ngqo ngqo, kodwa ngokuhamba kweminyaka kuye kwatshintsha ukusuka ekubeni kungqale ngqo kube yenye ngenxa yokuba ifumene kuqoqosho, ukusebenza ngokukuko kunye nokuhambisa lula ngaphandle kokushiya nayiphi na into ilahleko encinci.
Okwangoku yinxalenye yamakhaya kunye namashishini kwaye nangona ukusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kunganyamalalanga, ukutshintshisa okwangoku kusetyenziswa rhoqo kwaye phantse kuyo yonke into, kuba inezicelo ezininzi, iibhalbhu zokukhanya, iipleyiti okanye izitovu zokupheka zizinto ezichasayo kwaye ayisixhomekeki kwicala yokuhamba kweerhafu.
Kwelinye icala, inyani yokuba okwangoku inokutshintsha ngesantya seemoto, kunye nokusetyenziswa okuhlukeneyo kwezijikelezo zilandelayo, ezinje, ngokutshintsha kwesigaba kunye nohlobo lwebhulorho.
Iishifti zesigaba zezo zinomthombo otshintshayo odityaniswe nesixhathisi kunye ne-capacitor, eyaziwa ngokuba ziisekethe zothotho ezisetyenziselwa ukucima ukutshintsha kwesigaba esingafunekiyo kwesinye isekethe, ukongeza ukwahlula amandla ombane ukuze izikhululo zikanomathotholo zilungiswe.
Iisekethi zebhulorho zixhotyiswe ngokutshintsha ngoku, kwaye zinokusetyenziselwa ukulinganisa amandla, kwaye zisebenze njengebhulorho yangoku ethe ngqo ekwazi ukulinganisa ixabiso lokuchasana okungaziwayo.
Ngaba ikhona imizekelo yokutshintsha kwesekethe yangoku?
Ewe, kuba ukutshintshana kwesekethe ngoku kulula kunenkqubo yokufunda, nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukwazi yonke into esele ikhankanyiwe. Kubalulekile ukubiza ezinye zeempembelelo ezahlukeneyo ezinokufumaneka, ukuze ukwazi ukwakha okanye ukusombulula uhlobo oluthile lwengxaki.
Enye yeesekethe eziqhelekileyo zezokuxhathisa, iikhoyili kunye ne-inductor ephendula ngendlela ethile kumaza asisiseko atshintshanayo atyiswa ngawo. Ngesi sizathu, isiginali yerediyo ivelisa amandla anamaxesha afanayo, ayilelwe ngokukodwa ukuba asebenze njengomamkeli kunye nobukhulu obuphezulu ngoku, okwenza umphumo ubizwe ngokuba sisandi.
Isekethe yomamkeli isebenza njenge-tuner kuba yenzelwe ukuba imiqondiso yokuhamba okungafunekiyo ivelise imisinga emincinci kakhulu. Ezingafumanekiyo ngesandisi-lizwi kwaye ke ngoko azivakali, nangona kunjalo, oko akuthethi ukuba azivakali.
Ukuba ulithandile inqaku, ndiyakumema ukuba ufunde: Iisekethe zombane Bazintoni? Icandelo, iintlobo kunye neenkcukacha ezintle. Ndiyazi ukuba inokuba luncedo kuwe.