Ukuvela kwemidlalo yevidiyo kule minyaka idlulileyo

Ukuba ungathanda ukwazi imbali kunye Ukuvela kwemidlalo yevidiyo, emva koko eli nqaku lelakho, uyazi utshintsho kwimidlalo yevidiyo kule minyaka ingamashumi kunye nendlela abafikelele ngayo kule nto bayiyo namhlanje.

Imbali kunye nokuvela kwamagama evidiyo

Singaqala uhambo oludlulileyo lokuthetha malunga nemidlalo yevidiyo yee-50s, kuyamangalisa ukuba kwiminyaka edlulileyo Ukuvela kwemidlalo yevidiyo Ifikile ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ukuba ibe yenye yezona mveliso zihamba phambili ehlabathini.

Ngaphandle kwenyani yokuba uguquko lwabo belukwindawo ephezulu naphantsi kwimbali yabo, bahlala beyazi indlela yokoyisa imiqobo kunye nokuphuhlisa imidlalo yevidiyo ngcono nangcono. Iinjongo zemidlalo yevidiyo namhlanje kubonakala ngathi kukubonisa eyona nto inokwenzeka xa ngaphambi kokuba ibe kukulinganisa kweengcinga ezinokubakho ngabadlali, nokuba kukuqhuba inqwelo-mafutha yomdyarho okanye ngokuqhubela phambili ebalini nasekugqibezeni umdlalo.

I-50's-60's Umdlalo wokuqala wevidiyo kwimbali

Umdlalo wevidiyo wokuqala kwimbali waphuhliswa ngo-1952, obizwa ngokuba yi-OXO efanisa uhlobo lomdlalo "Tic tac toe", le projekthi yasungulwa ngu-Alexander Douglas, owayengunjingalwazi weYunivesithi yaseCambridge esebenzisa imigaqo-nkqubo yophando lweTuring ukuze akwazi ukunika ubukrelekrele bokulinganisa kumdlalo wabo kwaye ngale ndlela umdlali unokukhuphisana ngokuchasene nomatshini.

Konke oku kunombulelo ku-Alan Turing, owayengumdwelisi weenkqubo zase-Bhritane kunye nesazi semathematika owathi, emva kwe-WWII, wasebenza ngendlela yokwenza ikhompyuter icinge njengomntu. Ekuzameni ukwenza le nto, into eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Turing machine" yavela.

Siza kuba nokuqhubela phambili okulandelayo ngo-1958, ngenxa yenjineli yaseMelika uWilliam Higginbotham, owayesebenza kwiprojekthi yeManhattan apho izixhobo zokuqala zenyukliya zazalelwa khona, kwaye wayephuhlisa esenza iTennis ezimbini, owawungumdlalo ikhompyuter enkulu efanisa imidlalo yomdlalo wentenetya. Kwiminyaka ye-60 akukho qhinga kwaye akukho mntu waphinda wathetha ngemidlalo yevidiyo kwakhona.

70's Ukuzalwa kohlobo

Kwiminyaka ye-70 bekukho uguquko kwinto ebisenziwa kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, abaphandi bakwazile ukufikelela kwisigqibo: ukuphuhliswa kwemidlalo yevidiyo kwakulingana nokwenziwa kwezixhobo eziza kuba nakho ukuqhuba le midlalo. Ke ngo-1971, u-American Ralph Baer, ​​owayeneminyaka ephanda ngomsebenzi ka-Turing no-Higginbotham, waqulunqa i-console yokuqala yomdlalo kwimbali, eyayibizwa ngokuba yi-Magnavox Odyssey.

Inempumelelo enkulu kwezorhwebo, kuba le khonsoli yonyusa ngaphezulu kwe- $ 10.000.000 yeedola ngelo xesha, ithengisa iiyunithi ezingama-100.000 kwaye oku kwabamba ingqalelo yabatyali-mali, ababone ishishini elitsha lokonwabisa abantu abazalwayo.

I-Atari yasekwa ngamaMelika uNolan Bushnell kunye noTed Dabney, ephawula ixesha indaleko imidlalo yevidiyo, ababephambili kwabanye kwaye baqalisa iPONG, eyayingumatshini omkhulu we-arcade owawuphuculwe nguPong oqulethe iMagnavox.

Ngeli xesha, i-Atari yayiyeyona nkampani ibaluleke kakhulu yemidlalo yevidiyo, baqala ngombono wekhonsoli yomdlalo wevidiyo omtsha emakhaya, yayinokuphuculwa kweMagnavox, ebizwa ngokuba yiPong yeTV yakho yaseKhaya, eyayiza kuba nkulu impumelelo kuneMagnavox, ethengisa ngaphezulu kweeyunithi ezingama-150.000 ngexesha leKrisimesi yaloo nyaka.

Iphuculwe kwimizobo, ubulunga kunye nokudlalwa ngokuthelekiswa neMagnavox, oku bekungamanzi kakhulu kunoko bekubonwe ngelo xesha, konke oku kuye kwaba yinto yokwenene ngenxa yesivumelwano uAtari awayenaso neenkampani zeSears, ezazibonelela ngemicroprocessor consoles.

Impumelelo yeAtari

Impumelelo awayenayo uAtari yayinomona, baba yinkampani enezinto ezinkulu e-United States, umnini wayo uNolan Bushnell, wenza isigqibo sokuthengisa ikhonsoli yakhe kwi-Warner Communication malunga nezigidi ezingama-26 zeedola ngo-1976, eshiya uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali olukhulu kuAtari , Ukuhla uye emsebenzini ukuze uphuhlise ikhonsoli entsha.

Ngo-1977 i-Atari UBSS yazalwa, ikhonsoli enamandla eyayine-joystick kunye namaqhosha amabini, anika amava amatsha kumdlalo wokudlala kubasebenzisi kunye Ukuvela kwemidlalo yevidiyo. Le khonsoli ithengise amakhulu amawaka eekopi ngonyaka wokuphehlelelwa kwayo kwaye ukhuphiswano lwayo luya kuba sisixhobo seMattel, Intellivision. Ngeli xesha ngaphezulu kwe-50% yamakhaya aseMelika ayenekhonsoli yomdlalo.

Ngo-1978 isiganeko esitsha sembali senzeka njengoko inkampani ebizwa ngokuba yiTaito yadala abahlaseli bendawo, umdlalo wevidiyo ka-Atari kunye noMattel consoles, kwaye yaba yinto yentsholongwane nezigidi zeekopi ezithengiswa kwihlabathi liphela.

I-80's yobudala beArcade

I-80's yafika kunye nabahlaseli bendawo njengeyona midlalo yevidiyo ithengiswa kakhulu kwimbali, nangona kunjalo, uchulumanco aluzange luhlale xesha lide kuba kulo nyaka kuzakufika ukuzalwa kweyona icon yokuqala yomdlalo wabo bonke, uPacman.

I-Pacman ibingumdlalo owahlukileyo kuyo nayiphi na into ebiphuhlisiwe ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, xa wonke umntu ecinga ngemishini yendawo kunye ne-8-bit laser ukudubula, lo mdlalo wawuyindlela apho kwakufuneka ushukumise intloko etyheli njengamanqaku kwaye ubaleka kwiintsholongwane ezinokuthi ndikosulele. Ukuphela kwalo nyaka, ugqithile kubahlaseli bendawo njengeyona midlalo yevidiyo ithengiswa kakhulu emhlabeni, namhlanje iseyeyona kopi ithengiswayo kwimbali.

Kunyaka kamva, omnye umdlalo wevidiyo owabethayo wavela, i-Donkey Kong, umdlalo weqonga apho kufuneka uphephe imigqomo eyayisungulwa yigorilla phezulu kwinqaba. Yayingumdlalo wokuqala wevidiyo okhutshwe yinkampani yaseJapan iNintendo, eyayiza kuthi kamva isungule imidlalo eyindumasi elandelayo kwimarike, iSuper Mario Bros kunye neLegend yeZelda.

Ngeli xesha ngo-1982, iqela leenjineli elalisebenzela iWarner kunye neAtari, lenze i-Activision, eyayiza kuba yinkampani eyenza imidlalo yevidiyo ngokuzimeleyo yeAtari.

Nangona kunjalo, imarike yayihluthi ngenxa yokhuphiswano olwenze imidlalo ekumgangatho osezantsi, idala ukungathembani eluntwini, elalimele iqela elikhulu leenkampani ezinkulu zemidlalo yevidiyo, eyaphela ngoWarner ngokuthengisa iAtari ngo-1982, eyayiza kuthi kamva inyamalale.

Ukuzalwa kweNintendo kunye nokukhanya okutsha kwemidlalo yevidiyo

Indawo yakhe yayiza kuba yinkampani yaseJapan uNintendo, owathi ngo-1983 wenza iKhomputha yoSapho, ikhonsoli eyayinempumelelo enkulu kwinkampani, yaphumelela eJapan kwaye kwiminyaka emibini kamva yayiza kufika eUnited States kwaye iKhompyuter yoSapho iphinde yenziwe ngokutsha ithiywe ngokutsha. Kule ntengiso.njengeNintendo Entertainment System, yenye yezona zinto zidumileyo zembali kuyo yonke imbali.

Imidlalo yevidiyo eyayibandakanyiwe yayivela kwinkampani, eyayiqinisekisa iimveliso ezisemgangathweni. Owona mdlalo wevidiyo ubemeleyo kule khonsoli yayihlala inguSuper Mario Bros, lo mlinganiswa waduma njengoPacman ngexesha lakhe waze waduma nangaphezu kukaDisney kaMickey Mouse uqobo.

Ndiyabulela kule nto, imboni yomdlalo wevidiyo waseMelika igcinwe, kuba kwihlabathi liphela zombini i-NES kunye neSuper Mario Bros zezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu kwikhonsoli kunye nomdlalo wevidiyo kwihlabathi liphela. Ukuvela kwemidlalo yevidiyo.

Ngale nto kwafika i-chip esemthethweni entsha yelayisensi ukuze ingenzi iphutha elifanayo ne-Atari kwaye ithintele amaqela esithathu ekuphuhliseni imidlalo ngaphandle kolawulo lomgangatho kwi-NES, le chip yokuqonda isivumele ukuba sazi ukuba umdlalo kwikhatriji yantlandlolo kwaye ukuba ikhonsoli ayamkelwanga ukuba umdlalo awuqalanga, usebenza njengesitofu sokulwa ubugebenga; Ngale ntshukumo, iNintendo yongamela ishishini elifuna abaphuhlisi abangcono kunye nezihloko ezingcono zekhonsoli.

Sele ngo-1985, iinkampani zemveliso ezaziwayo ezifana ne-CAPCOM, umyili we-Street Fighter eyaziwayo, iMegaman kunye ne-Konami ene-Contra yayo kunye ne-SEGA eyaziwayo. Le yokugqibela yayiyeyona iphumeleleyo, kuba emva kokuvelisa izihloko zeNintendo, iphehlelele ikhonsoli yayo kulo nyaka ibizwa ngokuba yiNkqubo eNkulu, nangona ibinamandla ngaphezu kweNES, ayinakuloyisa udumo eyayinalo kwiimarike. Nangona kunjalo, i-SEGA ikwazile ukuba ngomnye wabaphuhlisi bevidiyo ababalaseleyo kwimbali.

Ngo-1988, i-SEGA kunye neNintendo babenodlame oludumileyo, emva koko i-16-bit console yayiza kufika kwintengiso, i-SEGA Genesis, izibeka njengeyona nto ilungileyo ngalo mzuzu, kodwa ngenxa yekhathalogu yayo encinci abasebenzisi abaninzi babuyela kwi-NES ababenayo ngaphezulu imidlalo ehlaziywa qho rhoqo.

Kunyaka kamva, uNintendo wavelisa ikhonsoli yokuqala ephathekayo ebizwa ngokuba yiGameBoy, kunye nale khonsoli enye isihloko sentsomi esiza kuzalwa kwihlabathi lemidlalo yevidiyo, iTetris. I-SEGA iphinde iphehlelele ikhonsoli yayo ephathekayo eyayinamandla ngakumbi kuneGameBoy, ebizwa ngokuba yiGameGear; Nangona kunjalo, yaphulukana nomlo wayo ngokuchasene neTetris kwiMidlalo yeNkwenkwana, ikhonsoli emnyama nomhlophe engenamandla kangako.

90

I-90 yaqala ngokubambisana kwe-SEGA kunye ne-Nintendo kwindawo ephakamileyo, i-SEGA idinga ukubetha etafileni ukuze ikwazi ukuhlalisa iNintendo kwaye yaqesha i-CEO kaMatel ukudala i-mascot enokukhuphisana noMario, i-icon ye-Nintendo kunye no-1991. wakhululwa uSonic, umdlalo owaguqula ngokupheleleyo uhlobo lweqonga.

Ikhuphisane ngokuthe ngqo neSuper Mario ngohlobo oluphuculweyo lomdlalo wayo, kunye nebali elingcono kunye nomdlalo wokudlala ogudileyo, kwaye yayiyeyona nto ithengisayo kwimbali.

INintendo ibingacwangcisanga ukuhlala phantsi ize ilindele ukumiliselwa kwesixokelelwano sayo sesine sesine, iSuper Nintendo. Ngale khonsoli kuya kuza imidlalo efana neF-Zero kunye neSuper Mario Kart, eya kuguqula uhlobo lokubaleka.

Le midlalo ithathe ithuba leMowudi 7 yemizobo evumela ukudala iziphumo zokuqala zentshukumo ze3D kwimidlalo yevidiyo. Oko kuya kuthi kamva kuphuculwe nge-ID yeSoftware, eya kuthi ibe lelona phawu lubonakalayo kweli candelo Ukuvela kwemidlalo yevidiyo ngezihloko ezinje ngeDoom kunye neWolfenstein 3D.

Emva kwexesha

Ukuphela kuka-1993, inkxaso ye-CD ebonakalayo yaphuhliswa kuba imidlalo yayidinga indawo eninzi kwaye ingcono kuneekhatriji, inkampani etyale imali kakhulu kule yayiyi-Sony, inkampani ebambekayo eyayiza kutshintsha yonke into ngoDisemba 1994 ngokusungula iPlaystation 1 yayo etshabalalisa kwimarike, izise izihloko ezaziwa njenge-Wipeout okanye iDestruction Derby.

I-Nintendo ngo-1996 yaqalisa i-console yeNintendo 64 kunye neprosesa engama-64, ukucwangciswa kwemifanekiso yezinga eliphezulu kune-PlayStation. Ikhonsoli yakhutshwa ngomdlalo weSuper Mario 64, ethathelwa ingqalelo ngabaninzi njengeyona midlalo yevidiyo ilungileyo eyakha yakho.

Ngaphandle kwayo yonke le midlalo, iNintendo 64 yahluleka ukugqitha iPlayStation kuba eyokugqibela yayinekhathalogu enkulu yezihloko ezazihlaziywa rhoqo, ukongeza kwimidlalo yayo ekwifomathi yeCD.

Ukuphela kweminyaka elishumi, uSony wayezibeka njengokumkani omtsha kumdlalo wevidiyo nomdlalo wokudlala uNintendo. Ukubethwa okokugqibela kwafika ngo-1997, kunye ne-Software ye-Square ephuhlisa isihloko esithi Final Fantasy 7, eyayingumdlalo wokuqala we-3D kuthotho nakwimpumelelo yehlabathi. INintendo yayisithi ndlelantle isenza ingxolo ngokusungula imidlalo yevidiyo efana neThe Legend of Zelda Ocarina of time and Goldeneye 007, one of the best FPS games ever made.

2000-2010

I-Nintendo ikhuphe i-GameCube njengokhuphiswano kwi-Playstation kodwa iya kuba kukusilela ngokupheleleyo, kuba uSony wasungula i-PlayStation 2 yakhe ekuphenduleni, eyaba yeyona nto ithengiswa kakhulu kwimbali yomdlalo wevidiyo.

Le khonsoli iza kuzisa izihloko ezitsha ezinje ngoThixo weMfazwe kunye neGazi eligazi, umhlaba waqonda ukuba imidlalo yevidiyo inobomi obufutshane kwaye uSony wakhupha imidlalo yevidiyo minyaka le kwaye abantu bayadikwa koku, kodwa kwiikhompyuter yonke into yahlukile ngenxa yeendlela eziphakamileyo kwavumela ukuphuhliswa kwezihloko ezinomdla ezinje ngeCall of Duty, iDiablo kunye neAge of Empires, kodwa eya kuthi ibekho okokugqibela ngo-2004 iya kuba xa uBlazer ephehlelela iWorld Warcraft.

Imidlalo ekwi-Intanethi ivumele ubomi obude kwimidlalo yevidiyo ukusukela oko yahlala iminyaka kwaye ngo-2006 uSony wasungula i-PlayStation 3 yayo, nangona kunjalo, umntu okhuphisana naye kunokuba nzima kakhulu ukubetha, iMicrosoft Xbox 360 kunye neNintendo Wii.

Okokugqibela sisixhobo esifanelekileyo sokuzalwa kwakhona kukaNintendo, ngenxa yenkqubo yayo entsha yokufumanisa intshukumo yomsebenzisi kunye nemidlalo yosapho lonke njengoMdaniso nje okanye iMidlalo yeWii.

Ukukwazi ukunxibelelana neWi-Fi kwi-Intanethi kungatshintsha yonke into yeekhonsoli kunye Ukuvela kwemidlalo yevidiyo.

Enye inkampani enkulu

I-EA Sports isungule iFIFA 07 phakathi ku-2006, esi yayisisihloko esabeka i-EA Sports njengesalathiso kuhlobo lwezemidlalo. Umdlalo weplatform ezininzi owawuneenguqulelo ze-PlayStation kunye nekhompyuter, kwinqanaba lemizobo kunye nokudlala umdlalo ababewenza, kuba wawunokulawula abadlali ngokungathi bayinyani. UKonami wayesele ephuhlisa iPro Evolution Soccer kwiminyaka eliqela, yayiphumelele ngelo xesha kwaye yayiqala enye yeemfazwe ezibaluleke kakhulu kwihlabathi lohlobo lwezemidlalo, i-PES vs FIFA.

Ngo-2007 iikhompyuter zazisungulwe kwimveliso yemidlalo yevidiyo, abavelisi behardware begxile ekwenzeni amakhadi emizobo anamandla ngakumbi, iprosesa, i-RAM, ukudala icandelo leKhomputha yeMidlalo.

Ke xa isenzo kunye nohlobo lwasimahla lwe-adventure luqhuma kunye neNkosana yasePersi kunye ne-Assassin's Creed, le yokugqibela yayiyeyona ndawo ithengiswa kakhulu kwimbali ecaleni kukaThixo weMfazwe. Ungalibali KWI-genre yomdyarho, isaga yasentsomini yokuFunwa kweSantya kunye nesihloko sayo esithi "Eyona nto ifunwayo".

Ekupheleni kweminyaka elishumi, izihloko ziya kukhutshwa eziza kukhula kakhulu kule minyaka izayo, iMinecraft kunye neLigi yeLegends ezenziwe nguMojang kunye neRiot Games ngokwahlukeneyo. Unokufumanisa apho ukhuphele imidlalo yePC.

Ngo-2010-ngoku

Sele i-intanethi ihamba kunye nemidlalo yevidiyo, iFIFA kunye ne-PES kukhuphiswano lwayo kwibhola ekhatywayo, umnxeba woXanduva njengeyona FPS ibalaseleyo, iWarcraft yaqhubeka nokuba yinkokeli kuhlobo lweMMORPG. Eli lishumi leminyaka apho iMinecraft iye yaba yenye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo zentsholongwane ebantwaneni, umdlalo wokulinganisa kunye nomgangatho wegraphic we-8-bit owaba ngumlutha, okwenza ukuba ibe yeyona bhokisi idlalwa kakhulu kwimbali ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.

Kwelinye icala, i-League of Legends yayiphambene e-Asiya apho yayinezigidi zabasebenzisi ngonyaka nje omnye, olu hlobo lwaziwa ngokuba yi-MOBA okanye ibala lomdlalo wabadlali abaninzi kwi-intanethi, oku kuya kuthumela i-WOW elunxwemeni lwenzonzobila.

Ngo-2011, kwazalwa itumente yokuqala ye-eSport, elinye inyathelo elibalulekileyo Ukuvela kwemidlalo yevidiyo, kunye neZizwe ngezizwe ze-DOTA2. Ngo-2013, zombini i-DOTA kunye ne-LoL zazimbini ezona zinamandla kakhulu kwimidlalo yevidiyo kwaye iitonamenti zabo zobungcali zazisa imali eninzi kwicandelo lezemidlalo, okwenza iinkampani ezinje ngeCall of Duty, Counter strike kunye neFIFA ukuba zijoyine olu khuphiswano.

Iminyaka edlulileyo

Ngo-2014, omnye wemidlalo yentsholongwane kwimemori yazalwa, iCandy Crush Saga yeefowuni eziphathwayo. Kwakungexesha apho iifowuni eziphathwayo zaqwalaselwa ngabaphuhlisi bomdlalo wevidiyo, benikezela icandelo kubo. Kwi-2015, i-eSports yayisele iyinyani kwaye i-DOTA yamanye amazwe yayiyeyona nto ibaluleke kunayo yonke, esele inamabhaso ayi- $ 25.000.000.

Kwi-2017, kwazalwa elinye igama lentsholongwane, iFortnite, ethi ngexeshana elincinci yazibeka phakathi kwezona ndawo zidlalwa kakhulu eSports emhlabeni nakwiiFPS eziphambili kwi-Intanethi. Okwangoku, ii-eSports licandelo elihambisa eyona mali kwimveliso yevidiyo engaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-500 zeedola kunye nokukhula kwe-40% kule minyaka idlulileyo.

Ukuba ulithandile eli nqaku malunga Ukuvela kwemidlalo yevidiyoSicebisa ukuba undwendwele iwebhusayithi yethu apho uza kufumana izihloko ezininzi malunga nemidlalo yevidiyo kunye netekhnoloji enokuba nomdla kuwe, ngolu hlobo: Imidlalo ngaphandle kwe-Intanethi ye-Android Egqibelele!. Siza kukushiya nevidiyo ngolwazi oluthe kratya apha ngezantsi. Kude ibe lilixa elizayo.