Esi sithuba sinesihloko Ulwahlulo lwezixhobo, umfundi uya kwazi ngomxholo wayo izinto ezahlukeneyo ezingenelelayo ukuze ukusebenza kakuhle kwekhompyuter kwenzeke, kunye neendidi ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo.
Ulwahlulo lwezixhobo
Ihardware liqela lezinto ezibonakalayo ezenza ukuhambelana kwezixhobo zekhompyuter kwaye zenze ezona zinto ziphambili zilungelelane kunye, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke izixhobo.
Izinto zalo zibandakanya oku kulandelayo: iibhodi eziphambili, izikrini zeLCD, iiprinta zelaser, izinti zememori ze-USB, iichips zombane, kunye neentambo zombane, kunye nezinto ezininzi.
Isixhobo sekhompyuter kunye nokuhlelwa kwesoftware kwikhompyuter nganye kubandakanya izinto ezisisiseko ezibini, ezizezi, isoftware kunye nezixhobo, eziyinxalenye yokusebenza kweinjini kunye nekhompyuter.
Ihardware yinxalenye enokuchukumiseka enokuthi ichukunyiswe ngabasebenzisi, ngelixa isoftware ibhekisa kwinxalenye yangaphakathi eyenza ukuba izixhobo zisebenze, ezinje ngokusetyenziswa kunye neenkqubo, ikwayinxalenye engaboniswayo.
Nayiphi na ikhompyuter eyinzululwazi yekhompyuter ifuna ukuba namalungu enza izixhobo zekhompyutha, ukuze xa zizonke zibandakanye ukwenziwa kolwazi, zizinto eziyimfuneko kwaye ziluncedo kuzo zonke iingcali zehlabathi zenzululwazi yekhompyuter ukuxhasana ukufezekisa ulawulo olululo kwimisebenzi yabo yokulungisa idatha.
Kuhlulo lwezixhobo izixhobo zakho zihlelwa ngokoku kulandelayo:
Izixhobo zokufaka
Kule nqaku, ukuhlelwa kwehardware, izixhobo zokufaka zinoxanduva lokungeniswa kwedatha, umsebenzi wabo kukuqhubekeka ulwazi olufunyenwe njengezicatshulwa, ukurekhodwa kunye nemifanekiso, kwaye banakho ukuhambisa iifayile ezahlukeneyo kwezinye iikhompyuter, kwezi meko I-keyboard yenye yezona zinto zisetyenzisiweyo.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba xa kusiziwa kwizixhobo zegalelo, zezo zisetyenziselwa ukufaka izixhobo zekhompyuter, kwaye phakathi kwazo kukho imouse, ikhibhodi kunye nesifundi seDVD.
Iqhubekekisa izixhobo
La ngamacandelo aphatha idatha, ukuqhubekeka ngowona msebenzi uphambili wesixhobo sekhompyuter, sisigaba apho kuguqulwa khona idatha eluhlaza, ethi emva kwenkqubo ibe luncedo kulawulo oluthile, i-microprocessor sisixhobo esiphambili kule nto. ngokubhekisele.
Kwezi zixhobo zekhompyuter zinje ngee-microprocessors, iChipset kunye neeprosesa zemisebenzi yemathematics.
Izixhobo zemveliso
Ziiyunithi zehardware ezijikeleza kwaye zinike idatha kunye nolwazi, iziphumo kuxa umjikelo oqale ngokufakwa kwedatha eluhlaza kwaye uphela ngenkqubo yokubonisa idatha ekugqibeleni, phakathi kwazo kugcinwa izixhobo zokugcina. abashicileli, abacwangcisi, izikrini zeplasma.
Izixhobo zememori - ukugcinwa
Ibhekisa kwizixhobo apho ulwazi lugcinwa khona, ukugcinwa kugqithisiwe kwimemori yokuqala kunye nesekondari, ikwimo eguqukayo okanye engagungqiyo.
Imemori ephambili yimemori yokufaka ye-RAM, nangona kunjalo, inokuba sisikhumbuzo apho zonke izinto zekhompyuter zisebenza.
Imemori ye-RAM ayitshintshi, iyayeka kuphela idatha xa ikhompyuter ivuliwe, imemori yesibini ibizwa njalo, kuba idatha egcinwe kwimithombo yeendaba ayinalo unxibelelwano kunye nemicroprocessor.
Kuhlelo lwe-Hardware, inkumbulo yeyona nto ibalulekileyo, inezinto ezahlukeneyo ezivumela ukudala idatha, ikwayinjini yezixhobo ukuqala ukusebenza, ngaphandle koko ikhompyuter ayizukuqala.
Izixhobo zeekhompyuter zokuqala zenziwe ngamacandelo amane abalulekileyo anje ngala: esweni okanye isikrini, i-CPU, ikhibhodi kunye nempuku.
Imonitha okanye isikrini yinto apho yonke into eyenziweyo ijongwa khona, iba yindlela yokwenza yonke idatha efakwe kuyo.
Uninzi luyithatha njengelensi yokujonga ikhompyuter, kwaye nje ukuba isebenze, unokuziqonda iinkqubo kunye nokusetyenziswa okusebenzayo.
Ibhodi yezitshixo kulula ukuyibona kuba inezitshixo ezininzi esivumela ukuba sibone iileta kunye neenombolo kunye neesimboli ezahlukeneyo esinokuthi sizisebenzise kulwimi, sisimo esiqhelekileyo esisetyenziselwa ukukhuphela idatha.
Imouse okanye imouse yinto ebonakalayo, ngaphezu kokuvumela imisebenzi ethile ukuba ikhibhodi ayinakuyenza ngokupheleleyo, ikwavumela ukuba ukhethe inkqubo ofuna ukuyivula, enye okanye ezininzi iimpuku zingaboniswa kwiscreen ngokuhambisa isikhombisi, esihlala sivela njengotolo.
I-CPU okanye iyunithi yokulungisa esembindini yeyona nto iphambili, apho inokufumaneka khona yonke imemori ephambili yekhompyuter, sinokufumana onke amazibuko amandla kunye namazibuko ashiyekileyo apho kuya kubekwa khona ezinye izinto zekhompyuter.
Iyahambelana
Isixhobo esincedisayo sisetyenziselwa ukwenza amanyathelo athile, nangona kunjalo, ayifuneki kulawulo olufanelekileyo lwePC, ikwenziwe ngamalungu anganyanzelekanga, kodwa ncedisa kuphuhliso olufanelekileyo imisebenzi, Njengoko umshicileli inguye ofumana idatha kwikhompyuter kwaye emva koko zishicilelwe ephepheni, iinkumbulo zangaphandle zikwizixhobo ezincedisayo apho ulwazi lugcinwa ngokwahlukileyo kwizixhobo.
Isixhobo seBidirectional
Ngokwahlulwa kwehardware, abo banamacala amabini ngabo banakho ukufaka ulwazi kwizixhobo, kwaye ke ukufikelela kwimveliso, phakathi kwayo kukhankanyiwe amakhadi enethiwekhi, amakhadi alalelwayo.
Izixhobo ezixubileyo
Izixhobo ezixutyiweyo zihlelwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo kwiintonga ze-USB kunye nee-DVD, banomsebenzi wokubonelela ngokugcina okuninzi, kunye nokufaka kunye nokufumana ulwazi kwizixhobo.
Izixhobo okanye izixhobo
Kuhlelo lwezixhobo, kuya kubhengezwa ukuba izinto ezibizwa ngokuba ziipheripherali okanye izixhobo zokufaka zinomsebenzi obalulekileyo wokubonelela ngegalelo lolwazi, usetyenziso kunye neenkqubo.
Izixhobo zokukhupha zinoxanduva lokuvelisa iziphumo zedatha, njengoko kunjalo kwimeko yokubhala; imemori inomsebenzi oyinika amandla okugcina idatha yethutyana okanye engapheliyo, eyaziwa njengokugcina, ngelixa i-CPU inoxanduva lokubala kunye nokuvelisa inkqubo yedatha.
Yintoni ipheripherali exubeneyo?
Ibhekisa kwisixhobo esikwaziyo ukwenza isenzo kunye nezinto ezenziwayo, ezinje ngehard disk, apho naluphi na uhlobo lwedatha lunokurekhodwa kwaye lufundwe.
Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu ekufakweni kwedatha kunye nakwindlela yokuphuma kuxhomekeke kwisicelo esithile, ngokwembono yabasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo, kuya kufuneka kubekho ikhibhodi enye kunye nokubeka iliso kwelinye kwigalelo nakwimveliso yolwazi.
Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba akunakubakho iPC eqhuba inkqubo kwaye ayifuneki ikhibhodi okanye ukubek'esweni, kuba idatha isenokungeniswa kwaye iziphumo zifumaneke, ezinokuthi zibe kwibhodi yokufumana.okanye iziphumo zedatha.
Iikhompyuter ngoomatshini be-elektroniki, abanesakhono sokucacisa kwaye benze ii-odolo ezicwangcisiweyo kwaye zigcinwe kwimemori yazo, zisekwe kwi-arithmetic kunye ne-logic kunye negalelo kunye nemveliso yokusebenza.
Banoxanduva lokufumana igalelo lolwazi, lokulungisa kunye nokugcina, kwaye ngenxa yoko iziphumo ziveliswa ukufumana idatha yokuqhutywa kwayo.
Igalelo elifanelekileyo
Ezi zinto zithathwa njengezibalulekileyo, kuba zenza ukuba kube nolawulo olufanelekileyo kunye nokusebenza kweekhompyuter, phakathi kwazo:
- Ikhibhodi.
- Iskena.
- Imakrofoni.
- Iwebcam.
- Imouse okanye impuku.
- Abafundi bebhakhowudi ye-Optical.
- I-Jystick.
- I-DC, iDVS okanye iBlueRay, yokufunda kuphela.
- Ukufunyanwa kwedatha okanye iibhodi zokuguqula.
Isixhobo esizinikezele ekusebenzeni komsebenzi (CPU)
ICandelo eliPhakathi lokuPhatha i-CPU, lelona candelo linayo ikhompyuter, umsebenzi wayo kukucacisa nokwenza imiyalelo eyahlukeneyo yokwenza ulwazi.
Kwizixhobo ezihlaziyiweyo, owona msebenzi uphambili we-CPU wenziwa zii-microprocessors, ulwakhiwo oluqulathe isekethe enye edibeneyo.
Iiseva ezaziwayo zenethiwekhi okanye oomatshini abasebenza ngokusebenza okuphezulu banokuba nee-microprocessors ezininzi ezisebenza ngaxeshanye okanye ngokufanayo, yonke le seti yenza i-CPU yekhompyuter.
Iiyunithi ezaziwayo zokulungiswa kweCPU, ezikwimo yemicroprocessor enye, zifakwe kwiikhompyuter zakho, nakwiikhompyuter ezahlukeneyo ezongeza amandla e-elektroniki, ezinje ngezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo yemizi-mveliso, kunye nezinye iimveliso zombane ezisetyenziswa indoda namhlanje.
Ibekwa phi imicroprocessor?
Kwiikhompyuter, i-microprocessor ifakwe kwibhodi yomama eyaziwayo, kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yi-CPU socket, yamkela uqhagamshelo lombane phakathi kweesekethe ebhodini kunye neprosesa.
Kwipleyiti yesiseko kwakhona kubekwe isixhobo eshushu esenziwe ngento enobushushu obomeleleyo obuhlala busenziwa ngealuminium, ngamanye amaxesha ubhedu.
Kuyimfuneko ukuyibeka kwii-microprocessors ezinamandla amakhulu okusetyenziswa, eziveliswa ngohlobo lobushushu, kwiimeko ezithile zinokusebenzisa i-watts ezingama-40 ukuya kwezingama-130 njengesibane se-incandescent.
Kwizixhobo zokusebenza okuphezulu, abalandeli abongezelelweyo banokubekwa ukuxhasa ukujikeleza komoya kwaye bancede ukukhupha ubushushu obuqokelelwe kwisicocrocessor, yindlela eyongezelelekileyo yokuphelisa umngcipheko obangelwe ziimpembelelo ze-thermal.
Yintoni i-motherboard okanye i-motherboard?
Ibhodi yomama, ekwabizwa ngokuba yibhodi yomama, inefom yesekethe enkulu eprintiweyo eqhotyoshelwe kwi-chipset, eziziindawo zokukhulisa, iziseko, iisekethe ezihlanganisiweyo ezahlukeneyo, izihlanganisi, phakathi kwezinye ezininzi.
Ibhodi yomama okanye ibhodi yomama yeyona nkxaso iphambili apho zonke izinto ezenza ikhompyuter zibekwe khona, ezinje ngezinto ezibalulekileyo ezinjengememori ye-RAM, imicroprocessor, amakhadi okwandisa kunye nolunye ulwazi oluninzi lokufakelwa kunye nezixhobo zokuphuma.
Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukunxibelelana nezinto, ngoko ke ibhodi yomama inenani leebhasi ezihambisa ulwazi ukusuka kwinxalenye yangaphakathi ukuya ngaphandle kwenkqubo ngabo.
Umdibaniso webhodi yomama yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kwikhompyuter, eguqula ibe sisixhobo esiqulathe inxenye enkulu yemisebenzi yokuqala njenge: odiyo, ividiyo, uthungelwano, amazibuko eentlobo ezahlukeneyo, ezazingamaxesha adlulileyo Sebenzisa amakhadi okwandisa.
Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukukwazi ukufaka amanye amakhadi anjengezikhethekileyo zokufaka iividiyo, amakhadi okufumana idatha kunye nabanye.
Yintoni i-OEM Hardware-Ibhokisi-yoThengiso-ehlaziyiweyo
Kulo mhlathi siza kuthetha ngento nganye nganye ethetha ngayo:
Izixhobo ze-OEM
Isixhobo seHardware yoQeqesho seHardware, i-OEM, ibhekisa kwizixhobo ezivela kumenzi wokuqala, zenziwe zizixhobo kwaye ngexesha lokuthengisa, izinto ezinje ngediski yofakelo okanye iincwadana azithunyelwanga kumsebenzisi.
Ibhokisi yeHardware
Kubhekiswa kwizixhobo ezipakishwe ngokupheleleyo, kwaye zizisa idiski yazo ukuba ifakwe, iincwadana, iilayisensi kunye nokufikelela kwinkxaso yezobuchwephesha, kunye newaranti.
Intengiso yeHardware
Oku kuthetha ukuthengiswa kwehardware, kubhekisa kwintengiso yezixhobo kwivenkile, apho nawuphi na umsebenzisi anokuyithenga khona.
Isixhobo seHardware sihlaziyiwe
Isixhobo esihlaziyiweyo siguqulela kuhlaziyo, olu hlobo luthengiselwa umsebenzisi wokugqibela, nangona kunjalo, kuyo nayiphi na into enesiphene ekusebenzeni kwayo iyabuyiselwa, ibuyiselwe kumenzi wokuqala ukuba ilungiswe okanye iguqulwe, kule nkqubo bayifaka ileyibhile ebonisa ukuba iphinde yenziwa kwakhona, ixabiso layo kunye nesiqinisekiso sincinci.
Iindidi zeHardware
Kuhlelo lwezixhobo, siza kukubonisa iintlobo zehardware ezinokuhlelwa ngazo zonke iintlobo zeeprayimari.
Izixhobo eziyimfuneko, zibhekisa kuzo zonke izixhobo eziyimfuneko ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwekhompyuter, apha ngezantsi siqala ngayo:
Imemori ye-RAM
Yimemori esebenza ngokugcina ulwazi lwexeshana, ukuba alukho, akukho apho unokufaka khona idatha ngelixa usebenza nekhompyuter.
Imemori ye-RAM, iMemori yokuFikelela ngokungaQhelekanga, yimemori yokufaka ngokungacwangciswanga, olu hlobo lweenkumbulo lusetyenziswa kwikhompyuter ukugcina ulwazi okwethutyana, okanye ukusilela ukuba xa imisebenzi yenziwa ngamanani amakhulu, idatha kunye neenkqubo zinokugcinwa ixesha elimiselweyo.
Imemori ye-RAM inesakhono sokusebenza kwikhompyuter njengememori ephambili, umsebenzi wayo wahluke kakhulu kwezinye iinkumbulo ezisebenza njengabancedisi, ezinje ngeedrive hard hard phakathi kwezinye izinto ezininzi ezikhoyo kwintengiso.
Microprocessor
Inoxanduva lokulawula isoftware kunye nezixhobo zekhompyuter, kunye nokulungisa yonke idatha, ukungabinaso esi sixhobo kuya kwenza umatshini ube lilize.
Imemori yeROM
Inoxanduva lokugcina yonke idatha esisiseko enayo ikhompyuter, ngaphandle kobukho bayo ayinakwenzeka into yokwazi izinto ezisisiseko ezihlanganisiweyo xa izixhobo ziqala.
Ikhadi lenqununu
Yinxalenye ebonelela ngonxibelelaniso lweseti yezixhobo zangaphakathi ezibalulekileyo ukuze ikhompyuter isebenze ngokuchanekileyo.
Isixhobo semveliso yedatha
Yinxalenye exelela umsebenzisi ukuba isixhobo senza imisebenzi, siboniswa kwiscreen okanye esweni, kwiprinta, phakathi kwabanye.
Isixhobo sokufaka idatha
Idatha eza kuqhutyelwa phambili kufuneka ifakwe kwikhompyuter ngokusebenzisa indlela ethile kunye nolawulo njengebhodi yezitshixo, imouse, iskena kunye nezinye.
IKhabhinethi
Ikhabinethi yinxalenye yangaphandle egubungela izixhobo zayo zangaphakathi, nangona kunjalo, ikhompyuter inokusebenza ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka ngaphandle kolwakhiwo, nangona ingacetyiswanga, kuba izinto zangaphakathi kufuneka zikhuselwe kwaye zilungiswe kwibhokisi eyenzelwe ngokukodwa loo nto.
Izixhobo ezincedisayo
Ibhekisa kuwo onke amalungu anokukhutshelwa ngaphandle ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwekhompyuter, nangona iluncedo.
iimpondo
Ezi zizinto ezinomsebenzi wokufumana imiqondiso yeaudio kwizixhobo kwaye uziguqula zibe zizandi; izixhobo zekhompyuter zinokwenza imisebenzi ngaphandle kwesidingo sezithethi.
Imouse okanye impuku
Inoxanduva lokuhambisa isikhombisi ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye kwiscreen, kukho iindlela zokuyihambisa ngokusetyenziswa kwekhibhodi.
Siyakumema ukuba wazi kwinqaku elingezantsi Imiyalelo yebhodibhodi.
Ukuqhuba nzima
Kukholelwa ukuba kubalulekile ukuba ikhompyuter ibenakho ukusebenza, nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yokusebenza inokusebenza kusetyenziswa imemori yeDVD okanye ye-USB.
Iyunithi yokufunda i-disc ebonakalayo
Umsebenzi wayo kukufikelela kulwazi kwizixhobo, nangona kunjalo akuyomfuneko, kuba inokwenziwa ngezinye iindlela ezinje ngeedrive hard, zangaphandle okanye nasiphi na isixhobo sangaphandle esenzelwe lo msebenzi, ukusuka kwinethiwekhi okanye ngentambo okanye inkqubo engenazingcingo.
Iwebcam
Le nto isetyenziselwa ukunxibelelana nexesha langoku kwaye ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwezixhobo akuyi kuxhomekeka ekubekweni kuso.
Ikhadi le-AGP lokukhawulezisa ividiyo
Isetyenziselwa ukulungisa nokucokisa imizobo yomdlalo wevidiyo, kodwa, izixhobo zingasebenza ngokuchanekileyo ngokufakwa kwekhadi levidiyo elidityanisiweyo.