Kweli nqaku uza kuyazi ifayile ye- Umjikelo wobomi benkqubo yekhompyuter, apho wanelisa isidingo sokuqhutywa kolwazi oluzenzekelayo.
Umjikelo wobomi benkqubo yekhompyuter
Inkqubo yekhompyuter isisombululo kwingxaki yokulungisa ulwazi oluzenzekelayo, njengokufunda i-imeyile, ukukhuphela isicatshulwa usebenzisa ikhompyuter, ukufaka inombolo yomnxeba kwincwadi yedilesi efumaneka kwiselfowuni, okanye kulawulo nolawulo lweshishini. Oomatshini abenziwe ngokusetyenziswa kweekhompyuter.
Ngokubanzi, inkqubo yekhompyuter ifuna izinto ezibonakalayo, ezibizwa ngokuba yihardware, kunye nenxalenye engaphathekiyo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-software okanye iinkqubo zekhompyuter. Ukongeza, kubandakanya ukuthatha inxaxheba kwezinto zomntu, onoxanduva lokufuna iinkonzo.
Ngale ndlela, kunokuthiwa inkqubo yekhompyuter inoxanduva lokuqokelela, ukuhambisa nokudlulisa idatha, zakuba ezi ziguqulwe zaba lulwazi, ngomsebenzi odibeneyo nolungelelanisiweyo wabantu, oomatshini kunye neendlela zokwenza idatha.
Kwelinye icala, kwikhompyuter, ibizwa Umjikelo wobomi benkqubo yekhompyuter kwiseti yezigaba ezifaka igalelo kwihlabathi liphela ekufumaneni iimveliso eziphakathi, eziyimfuneko kulawulo lwenkqubo nasekufezekiseni iinjongo zokugqibela. Ihlala isuka ekucingeni kwesidingo senkqubo ukuya ekuzalweni kwesinye ukuze siyitshintshe.
Ukusuka kwenye indawo yokujonga, umjikelo wobomi uqulethe zonke iinkcukacha ezinxulumene nophuhliso, ukusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kwemveliso yesoftware.
Iindidi
Kuxhomekeke kubungakanani, iimpawu kunye nolwakhiwo lwenkqubo yekhompyuter, ezi ntlobo zilandelayo zemijikelezo ziyabonakala:
Umjikelo wobomi bomjikelo
Ngenxa yokulula kwayo, luhlobo lwe Umjikelo wobomi benkqubo yekhompyuter Isetyenziswa kakhulu xa kunokwenzeka. Kuthetha ukubola kokusebenza kwehlabathi ngokwamanqanaba alandelelanayo, nganye nganye yenziwa kube kanye kuphela, evumela ukubona kwangaphambili ixesha lenkqubo.
Ukuphunyezwa kwesigaba ngasinye kuzimeleyo kwelinye, kwaye kufuna ukuba ulwazi lwangaphambili lwesiphumo lufumaneke kulowo nalowo. Ukongeza, akunakwenzeka ukuba ufikelele kwinqanaba ukuba elidlulileyo aligqitywanga.
Umjikelo wobomi ngeprototyping
Isetyenziswa xa iziphumo ezinokufikelelwa ngokwenene zingaziwa, okanye xa kusetyenziswa iteknoloji entsha okanye encinci eqinisekisiweyo.
Ukongeza, luphawulwa ngokusekwa kweenkcukacha ezisisiseko ezivumela ukwenziwa kweprototype, eya kuthi isebenze njengemveliso ephakathi kunye neyethutyana.
Ngokungafaniyo nomjikelo wobomi obunomda, ezinye izigaba kufuneka zenziwe kabini, kube kanye kuphuhliso lweprototype kunye nelinye lokufezekiswa kwemveliso yokugqibela.
Ukujikeleza kobomi
Kwenza ukujikeleza komjikelo wobomi kunye neprototyping, kuba ukwakhiwa kwemveliso yokugqibela kufuna ukwenziwa ngokulandelelana kweeprototypes ezininzi, nganye nganye ibonisa kwangaphambili ngokubhekisele kwinto yangaphambili.
Ngolu hlobo lwe Umjikelo wobomi benkqubo yekhompyuter Imveliso ihamba ngezigaba ezininzi izihlandlo eziphindaphindiweyo, ide ifikelele ekuvuthweni okufunwayo. Ngokubanzi, oku kubangelwa kukungabikho kolwazi kwicala lomthengi loko akufunayo ngokwenene, kunye nokungazithembi kwakhe ngexesha lezigaba ezahlukeneyo.
Izigaba
Umjikelo wobomi wayo nayiphi na inkqubo yekhompyuter ubandakanya izigaba ezahlukeneyo, zezi:
Cwangciso
Ibhekisa kwimisebenzi yokuqala eya kuphawula ukwenziwa kweprojekthi yenkqubo yekhompyuter, phakathi kwayo yile:
- Umda wobubanzi beprojekthi: Ijonga ulwazi lomsebenzi wombutho oza kusebenza kuwo, kunye nokuchongwa kweemfuno kunye neengxaki ezinxulumene nolawulo lolwazi. Okulindelweyo kuvavanywa ngokungqinelana nesicwangciso samanyathelo esicetywayo ekufuneka silandelwe.
- Unyango lokusebenza: Izixhobo ezikhoyo ukwenza iprojekthi ziyavavanywa, kule meko ixesha kunye nemali ekhoyo ukulungiselela le njongo. Kwangokunjalo, i-bibliografi yeziko kuyaboniswana ngayo kwaye kudliwanondlebe olwenziwe ukuze kuchongwe izinto ezinokwenza ukuba iprojekthi ingaphumeleli.
- Uhlalutyo lomngcipheko: kubandakanya ukuvavanywa nokulawulwa kwemingcipheko enokonakalisa uphuhliso kunye nokwenziwa kweprojekthi. Nje ukuba imingcipheko enokubakho ichongwe, amathuba okuba enzeka ngokwenene abaliwe, kunye nefuthe abanokuba nalo. Okokugqibela, kuyacwangciswa izicwangciso ezinokwenzeka njengeendlela ezizezinye zokwenzeka okufanayo.
- Uqikelelo: Kubhekiswa kuqikelelo lokuqala lweendleko kunye nexesha leprojekthi. Kuxhomekeke kulwazi umntu anayo ngayo kunye namava oqikelelo. Kuya kufuneka ukuba ibandakanye uphando olucokisekileyo lwezinto ezinokutshintsha ukukhula kwenkqubo yekhompyuter, ukunciphisa izinga lokungaqiniseki.
- Ukucwangciswa kwexesha nokwabiwa kwezixhobo: Eli lixesha leprojekthi. Yenziwa rhoqo ngeveki, kwaye inokuhlengahlengiswa ngokwezixhobo ezikhoyo kunye neemeko ezithile esijamelene nazo.
Uhlalutyo
Isekwe ekusekweni kweyona njongo iphambili yeprojekthi, ngokuhambelana nokufunyanwa kwezona mfuno kunye nokuzimisela kweempawu ekufuneka zibe nazo kule nkqubo.
Kubandakanya ukwenziwa kwegrafu, iidayagramu, iimephu zengqondo kunye neeflatschts, ezinako ukushwankathela lonke ulwazi oluqokelelweyo, ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba liqondakale kuwo onke amalungu eqela.
Uyilo
Kubandakanya uyilo lwedatha kunye nokusetyenziswa okuya kuvumela umsebenzisi ukuba asebenzise inkqubo yekhompyuter. Sisiphumo sophando lweendlela ezizezinye zokuphunyezwa, emva kokumisela ubume ngokubanzi apho iprojekthi iza kwakhiwa khona. Kufuneka isekwe kwiimpawu zenkqubo eziya kuthi ziququzelele ukuphunyezwa kwayo.
Ukuphunyezwa
Nje ukuba iinkqubo zenkqubo zihlalutyiwe kwaye uyilo lwenziwe, inyathelo elilandelayo kukwakha inkqubo yekhompyuter esemgangathweni. Ifuna ukuba kukhethwe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo, kunye nokuzimisela kwendawo yophuhliso ekufuneka isebenze kuyo le nkqubo kunye nokukhetha ulwimi olufanelekileyo lwenkqubo yohlobo lwenkqubo ekufuneka luphuhlisiwe.
Eli nqanaba likwaquka ukufunyanwa kwazo zonke izixhobo eziyimfuneko ukuze inkqubo yekhompyutha isebenze. Ukongeza, kubandakanya ukukhula kovavanyo oluvumela ukujonga inkqubela phambili yeprojekthi njengoko isenziwa.
Iimvavanyo
Eyona njongo iphambili yovavanyo kukubona iimpazamo ekunokwenzeka ukuba zenziwe kwinqanaba elidlulileyo leprojekthi, kubandakanya ukulungiswa okulungisiweyo okufanayo ngaphambi kokuba imveliso ibe sezandleni zomsebenzisi wokugqibela.
Iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo zenziwa ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko kunye nesigaba seprojekthi esikuso. Ngale ndlela, iyunithi kunye neemvavanyo zokudityaniswa ziyaqhutywa, kunye neemvavanyo ze-alpha ngaphakathi kwintlangano yophuhliso lwesoftware, kunye neemvavanyo ze-beta ezijolise kubasebenzisi bokugqibela ngaphandle kwamalungu eqela lophuhliso lweprojekthi.
Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi malunga nesi sigaba, unokufunda inqaku kwi iintlobo zeemvavanyo ezikhoyo zesoftware.
Okokugqibela, kunokwenzeka ukuba wenze uvavanyo lokwamkelwa, ukuze ubhengeze ngokusesikweni ukuphela kwenkqubo yophuhliso lwenkqubo. Ngendlela efanayo, uphononongo lweemveliso eziphakathi zeprojekthi zenziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulungiswa kweziphene ezifunyenweyo kwaye ziqhubeke nokusebenza kwazo.
Ukufakwa okanye ukuthunyelwa
Ibhekisa kukugunyaziswa kwenkqubo yekhompyuter ephuhlisiweyo. Kubandakanya ukucaciswa kwendawo yokusebenza ebandakanya zombini izixhobo zekhompyutha kunye nesoftware, izixhobo eziyimfuneko, ukumiselwa komzimba okucetyiswayo, uthungelwano lonxibelelwano, iinkqubo zokusebenza ezichaphazelekayo kunye nezinye izinto ezivela kubantu besithathu.
Ngamanye amaxesha, eli nqanaba libandakanya utshintsho ukusuka kwinkqubo esele ikho ukuya kwinkqubo entsha eza kusetyenziswa.
Ukusetyenziswa kunye nokugcinwa
Nje ukuba isicelo esitsha sekhompyuter siqalise ukusetyenziswa, sifuna ulondolozo oluhambelanayo, oluhlala lubandakanya amanqanaba amathathu:
- Ukulungiswa kokulungiswa: Kubandakanya ukupheliswa kweziphene ezivela ngexesha lokuphila kwazo.
- Ulungiso oluguqukayo: Ibhekisa kwimfuno yenkqubo yokusebenza kuhlobo olutsha lwenkqubo yokuqala yokusebenza, okanye xa kuguqulwe enye yezinto zehardware.
- Ukugcinwa ngokugqibeleleyo: Kwenziwa ukwenzela ukongeza ukuphucula kunye nokusebenza okutsha kwinkqubo yekhompyuter esele ikho.
Kubalulekile ukuthathela ingqalelo ukhathalelo olulodwa lweekhompyuter zethu ukwandisa ubomi bazo obuluncedo.