Umsebenzi wekhadi levidiyo kwikhompyuter VidaBytes

La Umsebenzi wekhadi levidiyo Ngokusisiseko kusingathwa idatha evela kwi-CPU, ukuyiguqula ibe yimifanekiso ebonwa kwiimonitha zekhompyuter. Funda ngakumbi ngesi sihloko ngokufunda inqaku elilandelayo.

Umsebenzi wekhadi levidiyo

Ikhadi levidiyo, ekwabizwa ngokuba likhadi lemizobo, linoxanduva lokuqhubekeka idatha nganye kunye nolwazi oluvela kwiCase okanye kwi-CPU kwaye uyimele kwifom ebonakalayo kwiscreen sekhompyuter okanye esweni. Esi sixhobo sangaphakathi sakhiwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Ziyaziwa njengekhadi levidiyo, ikhadi le-graphic accelerator, iadaptha yevidiyo, ikhadi levidiyo, nganye inezinto ezongezelelweyo ezisebenzayo ezivumela abavelisi beekhompyuter ukuba banikeze izinto eziguquguqukayo, ukhetho kuyilo ngokuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni kweenkqubo zokusebenza.

Ezi ezinye iindlela zivumela, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukufumana ukulungiswa kwethelevishini, ividiyo, ukufaka iikhowudi kwiividiyo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ukuncedisa ujongano kuyilo kunye nemifanekiso enje ngezihlanganisi ze-IEEI, ipeyinti yeJoystick, enceda ukumisela umlilo kwiikhompyuter ezithile.

Amakhadi evidiyo enziwa ziinkampani ezahlukeneyo ezithengisa itekhnoloji yazo kubaphuhlisi beekhompyuter, imidlalo yevidiyo, oomabonakude kunye nezixhobo ezifuna inkqubo yemeko yezobugcisa. Kodwa masibone ukuba ezi ntlobo zemizobo zijongeka kanjani kumakhadi evidiyo.

Iintlobo zeTshathi

Imizobo edibeneyo

Imele enye into ehlaziya ukusebenza kwekhadi levidiyo kunye nezixhobo zevidiyo. Banokudityaniswa kwibhodi yomama. Inkqubo yemizobo emanyanisiweyo ivumela ukwenziwa kungasebenzi komsebenzi we-chi kwii-BIOs ezinegalelo elichazayo. ezinokukunceda ukufaka ikhadi levidiyo elongezelelweyo.

Imizobo edityanisiweyo ivumela ukusetyenziswa kwebhodi yomama. Oku kunciphisa iindleko kwaye kuvumela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwendawo kwi-CPU kulungile. ngaphandle kokuba ne-RAM yayo, inkqubo yokungenisa umoya

Amakhadi azinikeleyo

Ezi ntlobo zamakhadi zifakwe njenge-GPU yesibini efakwe kwibhodi yomama, njengesixhobo esongezelelweyo abasebenza kuso ukwandisa izithuba kunye neenkcazo, ukukhulula indawo yememori ye-RAM kwinxalenye enkulu, enokunika indawo ngakumbi kwinkqubo yokusebenza kunye iinkqubo kunye neminye imisebenzi efuna ukusetyenziswa kwememori.

Ngokubanzi, ezi ntlobo zamakhadi zidityanisiwe kwizixhobo eziphathwayo apho kufakwe khona izitikha ze-Intel Graphics, eyiprosesa yemizobo edityanisiweyo evela kwi-Intel. Oku kubangelwa yimicimbi yendawo apho kufuneka inzuzo enkulu yokusetyenziswa kwezithuba kunye nezixhobo.

Historia

Amakhadi okuqala evidiyo avela ngenene ukusuka kwiminyaka ye-60s, isindululo siqala apho kubonakala khona ababizwa ngokuba ngabagadi, benzelwa ukubuyisela izixhobo zohlobo lomshicileli. Ezi zixhobo zikhuphe ikhadi apho ulwazi lwaluchongwe khona ngeekhowudi.

Amakhadi abonisa kuphela izicatshulwa ezinokuthi kamva, ngokusebenzisa iindawo ezithile, zibonise ulwazi. Iichips zemizobo yokuqala zenziwe yinkampani ye-Motorola. Ngokubonakala kwemodeli yabo engu-6845 bavumela ukuxhobisa ezinye iikhompyuter ezinobuchule bokuzoba.

Amakhadi emizobo okuqala

Ngokuveliswa kwe-desktop yokuqala okanye ii-PC zasekhaya, njengoko zazibizwa njalo ekuqaleni, i-chip eyahlukeneyo yafakwa kwibhodi yomama apho amakhadi eekholamu ezingama-80. Ezi chips ziya kuvumela ukubonisa imowudi yokubhaliweyo esekwe kubungakanani obuqala ukusuka kuma-80 x 24 ukuya kuma-80 x ama-25.

Iikhompyuter zokuqala ezilungiselelwe le fomathi yayiyi-Apple II kunye nemodeli yebhodi yomama yeSpectravideo SVI 328. Amakhadi aqala ukubonelelwa yinkampani ye-IBM ngo-198, ene-MDA iadaptha yemonochrome. Eli khadi livumela ukusebenza ngohlobo lokubhaliweyo kwaye linokuma ukuya kuthi ga kwimigca engama-25 yoonobumba abangama-80 ekubekeni esweni.

Inkumbulo yayo encinci ye-4 Kb, inokusebenza iphepha elinye, kwimonitha eyodwa yokujonga imibala eyayiluhlaza ngokubanzi kunye nemvelaphi yendalo yesikrini emnyama. Kwiminyaka ye-80s, imidlalo yevidiyo yaqala ukwanda kwaye iinkampani ezininzi zaqala ukuvelisa amakhadi ukunika umda kwizenzo ezikwisikrini.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r_GlNgkE1lo

Phakathi kweminyaka yee-1980 kunye neye-1990, iimodeli ezahlukeneyo zamakhadi emizobo zabonakala ngathi kancinci kancinci zinika amandla kuphuhliso kunye nokuvela kwezinye iimodeli. Kwimeko yomsebenzi wekhadi levidiyo kwiikhompyuter. Iimodeli ze-MDA zavela ngonyaka we-81 ngemowudi yokubhaliweyo yoonobumba abangama-80 x 25, kunye nenkumbulo ezi-4 Kb, emva koko kulandele oku kulandelayo:

I-CGA ngo-1981 ngemowudi yokubhaliweyo yamagama angama-80 x 25 kunye nenkumbulo ye-16 Kb.
Unyaka we-HGC 1982 we-80 x 25 abalinganiswa kunye nenkumbulo ye-265 Kb.
I-EGA, yasungulwa kwintengiso ngo-1984 ngesisombululo seekholamu ezingama-80 zoonobumba abangama-25 kunye nenkumbulo yama-256 Kb.
IBM, ngo-1987 ilingana no-80 x 25 kunye nemowudi yemizobo ye-1024 x 768 isisombululo, imemori eyi-256 Kb.
I-MCGA, ikwavela ngo-1987 kunye nama-80 x 25 abalinganiswa kunye nemowudi yemizobo engama-320 x 200, imemori engama-256 Kb.
I-VGA, ngo-1987 kunye noluhlu kwimowudi yemizobo phakathi kwe-640 x 480 ukuya kwi-700 x 400, yayinememori ye-256 Kb.
I-SVGA, yakhutshwa ngo-1989 kwaye inenkumbulo eyandisiweyo ye-1 Mg enabalinganiswa abangama-80 x 25 kunye nemowudi yemizobo phakathi kuka-1028 no-728.
I-XGA, ukusuka ngo-1990 kunye no-80 x 25 kunye nemowudi yemizobo ye-1024 x 768 enememori ezi-2 Mb.

90's

Enye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu kwiidrafti zemifanekiso ezizalwe ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-90 yayiyimodeli yeVGA. Umdlalo wevidiyo eyahlukeneyo kunye nabavelisi bezixhobo zekhompyuter abafumene le modeli yokusebenza kwekhadi levidiyo ukuba ikwazi ukuziqhelanisa neemfuno zabo.

Isisombululo kunye nenani lemibala ivumela ukuphucula kakhulu ukulungelelaniswa kwezikrini. Embindini wama-90s, i-Super Video Graphics Array (SVGA) yazalwa. Ngaphezulu kwe-2 mg yememori kunye nezisombululo ezisusela kwi-1024 x 768 pixels, lo msebenzi uvumelekile ukukhupha ngaphezulu kwemibala engama-256.

Iinkampani ezinje ngeApple zivule intsimi yamakhadi evidiyo, zisungula imakethi njengomlingani wayo kwi-SVGA ebizwa ngokuba yiCommodore Amiga 2000. Eli khadi livumele ukuba lenze izicelo zobuchwephesha, oko kukuthi, lalinakho ukuhlengahlengisa ezinye iichips zevidiyo kwiGPU.

Ngo-1995, imarike yamakhadi emizobo yenze inkqubela phambili xa amakhadi okuqala e-2D kunye ne-3D evela kwiinkampani zeMatrox kunye neATI. La makhadi avumela ukusebenza phantsi kweemeko zamakhadi e-SVGA, kodwa kubandakanya ubuchwepheshe be-3D.

I-chip ye-Voodoo chip evela kwinkampani ye-3dfx, yavela ngo-1997 ibonisa amandla okubala kunye neziphumo ezitsha ze-3D, oko kukuthi, iintshukumo ezinje nge-z-buffering, imephu ye-mip, njl. Zaqala ukubonwa kwiscreen. Ukusukela ngoko ukuya phambili, indaleko yathatha amanyathelo abalulekileyo.

Amakhadi emizobo afana neVoodoo2 avela, ade enziwa ziinkampani ezahlukeneyo. Eyona nto iphambili kolu hlobo lwekhadi lemizobo ngamandla alo. Oku kubangele ukuba amazibuko ebhendi asilele kwaye uhlaziyo lwalusilela kwilebhu.

Kule nto, inkampani ye-Intel iphuhlise i-Accelerated Graphics Port (i-AGP), evumela ukusombulula umda phakathi kweprosesa kunye nekhadi, inika inkcazo ebonakalayo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

Unyaka ka-2000 ukubheka phambili

Ngethuba lokuqala kwe2000s, kwavela amakhadi evidiyo ahlukeneyo, nangona kunjalo elona linefuthe kubaphuhlisi, elisebenza ukwandisa ukubonwa kwimidlalo yevidiyo yayiyiPeripheral Component Interconnect (PCI). Olu hlobo lwekhadi, oluya kuthi kamva lube lolona lufanelekileyo kwiiPC, lenze ukuba kupheliswe iingxaki.

Le yayiyingxaki eyayiveliswa ngokubanzi bubukho beebhasi zangaphakathi zento ebizwa ngokuba yi-ISA (Industry Standard Architecture). Le ndlela yokubekwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamakhadi emizobo, enze amakhadi emodeli yeVGA kungekudala ukuba ashiye intengiso. Amanye amaqonga ohlobo lwebhasi le-PCI avumela uphuhliso lwamakhadi emizobo amatsha.

Ukukhula kunye nophuhliso beza nenkampani yeNVIDIA, eyaqala ukulawula kwimarike yamakhadi emizobo. Ifumene i-70% yeeasethi zenkampani ye-3dfx, iyivumela ukuba ibenako ukubeka kwintengiso yomgca wamakhadi emizobo abizwa ngokuba yiGeForce. Ezi modeli zijolise kwi-3D algorithms.

Isantya seeprosesa zemizobo sonyuke kakhulu. Kodwa babenengxaki, iinkumbulo zazifuna indawo engaphezulu. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi enye into malunga nesi sihloko, ndiyakumema ukuba ufunde ngakumbi ngokunqakraza kule khonkco Imemori yeROM njengendlela yokwandisa umthamo wamakhadi emizobo.

Imemori yamakhadi evidiyo yonyusa umthamo wayo kwaye isuka kwi-32 Gb, eyayingumthamo wekhadi levidiyo leGeForce, ukuya kwiimodeli zeGeForce 4 ezazinamandla okwangoku phakathi kwe-64 Mg ukuya kwi-128 Mg. Ngophuhliso lwevidiyo yesizukulwana sesithandathu somdlalo wevidiyo kunye neekhompyuter ezinokhetho olungcono.

Ukusetyenziswa komthamo omkhulu wememori ye-RAM kumakhadi evidiyo kwakufuneka. Oku kwenziwe umzekelo ukuba inkampani ye-Apple izakufaka iichips ezivela kwi-NVIDIA kunye ne-ATI, kwiikhompyuter zokuqala ezinokubizwa ngokuba yi-iMac. Ezinye iinkampani zenze i-Powerpcs, ene-PCI eyakhelweyo okanye ibhasi ye-AGP isebenzisa amakhadi emizobo angaxhomekekanga kwi-CPU.

Phakathi kwe-2000s iinkampani ze-ATI kunye ne-NVIDIA bezilawula kwimakethi yokusebenza kweekhadi levidiyo, iimodeli zeGeForce zalawula ngokupheleleyo kwintengiso. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, inkampani ye-ATI yafunyanwa yinkampani ye-AMD, ethi kwiminyaka ethile kamva ilawule phantse ukwenziwa kwamakhadi emizobo.

Okwangoku, le nkampani ivelisa amakhadi evidiyo ahlukeneyo e-NVIDIA afakwe kwiikhompyuter ezenziwa mihla le emhlabeni. Bakwasasaza amakhadi emizobo eyahlukileyo kwezinye iinkampani ezingezizo ezekhompyuter okanye ezinxulumene nekhompyuter.

Izixhobo kunye nezinto

Ukuxabisa umsebenzi wekhadi levidiyo kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba lifuna inani lezixhobo kunye nezinto ezivumela idatha ukuba iqhutywe kwaye iguqulelwe kwisilathisi sevidiyo ngokukhawuleza okukhulu. Nikezela ngombono ogqwesileyo kunye nesisombululo kumsebenzisi.

Kodwa yintoni umsebenzi wekhadi levidiyo?, iyunithi yokuqhutywa kwemizobo, njengoko ibizwa njalo, ayincedi kuphela ukubonisa lonke ulwazi olufunwa ngumsebenzisi kwiscreen, kodwa ikwasebenza iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zolwazi eziya kuthi zisebenzise inani lezixhobo.

Ngenxa yoko ufuna izinto kunye noseto olisebenzisa imemori kunye namandla. Emva koko siza kunika iinkcukacha zezi zinto kunye nezinto ezivumela ukwenza umsebenzi wekhadi lemizobo.

Inkumbulo yemizobo ye-GRAM

Ebizwa ngokuba yimemori yokufikelela ngokungahleliwe, ziitshipsi ezigcina kunye nokudlulisa ulwazi phakathi kwazo. Ukuncitshiswa kokucaciswa kunye nokumiselwa kunokutshintsha ukuseta kokuqala.

Imemori yegraphic ineendlela ezininzi ezibandakanyiweyo kwiikhompyuter ezahlukeneyo okanye kwiibhodi zoomama ngokubaluleka kunye nemfuno yomenzi. Oku kuvumela iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukuba ziboniswe kwiscreen, ezinokwahluka kwizixhobo esinye ukuya kwesinye. Makhe sibone ukuba zintoni:

Imemori ezinikezelweyo, inememori efakwe ngendlela eyahlukileyo kwiGPU (esiza kuyibona kamva) kwaye ivumele ukusebenzisa izixhobo zayo, oku kunceda ukuba ukuzimela kwimemori kungayichaphazeli i-RAM.
Imemori ekwabelwana ngayo, yimemori esebenzisa izixhobo ezithe ngqo kwimemori ye-RAM yokunciphisa indawo kunye nezinto ezinamandla.

Inkumbulo yemizobo bubomi bayo nayiphi na ikhompyuter okanye izixhobo zomdlalo wevidiyo, idatha eqhutyiweyo kufuneka ilawulwe ngokufanelekileyo nangokukhawuleza. Kungenxa yoko le nto ziyinxalenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwikhadi elipheleleyo levidiyo, phakathi kwezona zinto zibalulekileyo zezi:

Ngokubhekisele kwimbonakalo yememori ekwabizwa ngokuba yiDatha yeBhasi, inendlela apho ububanzi bentsimbi nganye buphindaphindeka ngokwenani leeyunithi. Eli nqaku likwavumela, kunye nobunzima bememori, ukuseka inani ledatha ehanjiswa ngexesha elinikiweyo (bandwidth).

Imemori yokuhamba rhoqo inenani lamaxesha imemori enokuthwala idatha eqhubayo. Ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuguqulwa kwezi fom, jonga ezi lilnk zilandelayo ezinxulumene ne Isakhiwo sedatha. Yinkqubo yokuncedisa kwimemori yokunxibelelana enceda ukumisela ubungakanani bebhendi iyonke ngexesha elinikiweyo.

Le frequency yeememori ilinganiswa eHertz kwaye iyilelwe ngokweempawu zebhodi yomama kunye nomthamo wezixhobo. Kukho iimodeli ezahlukeneyo ezixhasa olu lwazi.

Olunye uphawu lokumisela lububanzi bebhendi ebizwa ngokuba yiAdB. Inenqanaba ledatha elibavumela ukuba bahanjiswe ngesiqingatha sexesha elimiselweyo. Xa kunebhanwidth eyaneleyo amandla e-GPU ayancipha. Kukho ukubaluleka kwemodeli nohlobo lwayo.

Kwelinye icala, ugqithiso lulinganiswa kwi-Gbps (iGigabytes ngomzuzwana) kwaye yiyo eguqula idatha ibe zizisombululo zemifanekiso ize yona iguqule iibits kwii-Byte, ezinceda ukuhambisa ngokukuko.

I "z buffer" yenye into ebalulekileyo evumela ukulawula ulungelelwaniso olunzulu oluveliswe yimifanekiso ye-3D. Isebenzisa indawo enkulu yememori enceda ukuphucula ubunzulu kwimifanekiso.

Kukholelwa ukuba olona phawu lubalulekileyo kwimemori yemizobo lumelwe ngumthamo. Oku kulinganiswa ngenani ledatha kunye nokuthungwa ekufuneka kusetyenzisiwe. Xa imemori yemizobo ibekela umda kubungakanani bayo, ukulibaziseka kuyajongwa kwiinkqubo kwaye kufuneka kulindwe idatha ethile ukuba ichithwe.

Amaxesha amaninzi umsebenzisi uxelelwa ukuba ukusebenza kwekhadi lemizobo kumiselwe ngumthamo wememori yalo, nangona kunjalo izixhobo ezisebenzisa kakhulu inkumbulo eAfrika zivela kwiVRAM

Iyunithi yokuqhutywa kwemizobo yeGPU

Isixhobo sifana kakhulu neCPU enikezelwe kulungiso lwemizobo, owona msebenzi uphambili kukunciphisa umthwalo weprosesa esembindini. Yiyo loo nto ivumela ukwandisa ukubala kweendawo zokudada ezihamba phambili kwimisebenzi ye-3D.

Ulwazi oluvunyelwa yi-GPU ngokubanzi luvela kwiimpawu zekhadi lemizobo, oko kukuthi, kumiselwe yiyo. Amakhadi emizobo yolu hlobo ngokubanzi aneempawu ezifanayo, umzekelo, amaza ombane aphakathi anokujikeleza phakathi kwe-825 MHz xa ikhadi linobumbeko olusezantsi.

Amanye amakhadi anokunyuka aye kwi-1600 MHz xa uluhlu lwazo luphezulu. Izithambisi kunye nemibhobho enoxanduva lokunciphisa umfanekiso we-3D ngokomlinganiso ukwahluka ngokwamanqanaba aphezulu naphantsi. Kodwa makhe sijonge izinto ezenza iGPU.

I-ROP, sisixhobo esilawulayo sokubonisa idatha eqhutywa yi-GPU kwiscreen, ikwajongana nokuqhubekeka kokucoca kunye nokuhluza okungafunekiyo.
Izithunzi zikwabizwa ngokuba zizithunzi, zinto ezo zinamandla ngakumbi kwi-GPU, kunye nazo kwaye ngokudibeneyo zinikwe igama le-CUDA, oko kuthetha ukuba iprosesa yokuhamba kwedatha. Eli gama lenziwe yinkampani yeNVIDIA. Ezi zinto ziyinxalenye yendaleko evela kwi-pixel yakudala kunye ne-vertex shaders.
I-GPU inokuqulatha izixa ezahlukeneyo zesiseko, umahluko wokubonisa xa imodeli yotshintsho olufanayo. Apho kufakwe khona iitshipsi ezahlukeneyo ezivumela ukonyusa amandla ngokubhekisele kwiimodeli zangaphambili.

Imemori ye-RAMDAC

Yimemori yokufikelela yedijithali yokuguqula okuguqulweyo. Ikwanayo iprosesa kwaye iguqula umqondiso xa isiza kwifomathi yedijithali kwaye siyithumele kwimemori ye-RAM, ngohlobo lokuba iguqule imiqondiso ye-analog kwimemori ngokwayo.

Sibona ke indlela imifanekiso ethile enokuchazwa ngokwahlukileyo. Olu hlobo lwenkumbulo luxhomekeke kwinani leeBits ezinokulungiswa ngaxeshanye kunye nesantya ezihambisa ngaso. Esi siguquli siyakwazi ukuxhasa izantya ezahlukileyo ezivumela ukukhanyisa umthwalo ukuya kumanqanaba aphezulu okuhambisa.

Unxibelelwano lwebhodi yomama

Ujongano kufuneka luncediswe ngothotho lwezinto ezinceda ekuphuhliseni uthotho lwezinto ezibonakalayo kunye nezenzo, apho umsebenzisi kancinci kancinci ekhokela ujongano. Ibiphuhlisa izinto ezikwazileyo ukumilisela ubugcisa be-state-of-art kwizikrini namhlanje.

Izinto ezibonakalisiweyo kule nto zinikezelwa ngotshintsho olwahlukeneyo kunye nohlaziyo oluvela kwi-8-bit MSx slot ephuculwe kwii-80s, ukuya kwi-PCI-Express, ebizwa ngokuba yiPCIe, ethe ukusukela ngo-2004 yahlala kunye nomdibaniso weAGP.

Iimodeli ezisebenza kule mihla njengonxibelelwano oluphambili lusekwe kwiimpawu ezinje ngeBhasi, Ububanzi (iibits), Frequency (MHz) kunye neBandwidth (MB / s) kunye nohlobo lwezibuko, emva koko sineemodeli ezisetyenzisiweyo ezinje nge-ISA I-8-bit XT ene-frequency ye-4,77 MHz kunye ne-bandwidth ye-8 MB / sa port efanayo.

Nangona ayisiyiyo enye yezona zisetyenziswayo, iindawo ezihlaziyiweyo ezinje ngePCIe x 16 enebits phakathi kwe-1 kunye ne-16 bits kunye nobunzima obujikelezayo be-25 50 MHz bunokudityaniswa nebhendi ehamba phakathi kwe-3200 kunye ne-6400 Mb / s . Izibuko liza ngothotho kwaye ngamanye amaxesha liyafana.

Phuma

Xa eli gama lithethiwe kuyaqondwa njengenkqubo apho iifom zonxibelelwano zivumela idatha ukuba idluliselwe kwisilumkiso okanye kwiisuphavayiza ezininzi. Siyakumema ukuba ucofe eli khonkco ukuba unqwenela njalo qhagamshela iimonitha ezimbini kwiLaptop eya kukunceda wazi ngakumbi ngezi zihloko.

Ukulungiswa kwemveliso kunye nokuhambelana kwayo nomsebenzi wokubek 'esweni obizwa ngokuba ngumbukeli usekwe njengomsebenzi wekhadi levidiyo, zininzi iindlela kunye neentlobo, masibone:

Iziphumo ze-DVI

Ebizwa ngokuba yimbonakalo yedijithali ebonakalayo yimbonakalo yedijithali yomdibaniso obeka endaweni iziphumo zesiko kwiikhompyuter, zihlala zenziwe ngokwamanani ukufumana umboniso womgangatho kwiiprojektha nakwizikrini zedijithali. Olu hlobo lwemveliso luthintela ukugqwetha kunye nengxolo enokuthi iveliswe yiphikseli kwisisombululo sendalo esweni. Namhlanje kukhuphisana nokukhutshelwa kwe-HDMI njengenye yezona zinto zintsha.

HDMI

Le fom yokuphuma kwezibuko yenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswayo kule mihla, kunye nezinto zangaphambili ezenziweyo zenza izinto ezimbini eziphambili kwindlela yokubonisa ujongano kunye nenkcazo engcono. Obu buchwephesha budlulisa imifanekiso ecacileyo kunye nee audios ngendlela ebanzi necacisiweyo.

VGA

Imele ixesha elithile uhlobo lwetekhnoloji enamandla ngakumbi esetyenzisiweyo kwiminyaka ye-90s, yavumela ukusekwa kwizikrini zemisebenzi eyayibizwa «uluhlu lwevidiyo yemizobo» (VGA) kunye «Uluhlu lwevidiyo yemizobo ephezulu (VGA). Yayixhasa iimonitha ezisebenza ngeetyhubhu zemitha ze-cathode kwaye zatshintshwa yitekhnoloji echazwe ekuqaleni.

DisplayPort

Luhlobo lwezibuko lokuvelisa elenziwe yinkampani yeVESA ukukhuphisana netekhnoloji ye-HDMI, imele imbonakalo yesisombululo esiphakamileyo. Inokudityaniswa kuso nasiphi na isixhobo, ngenxa yoko inee-tabo zokumilisela kwisinxibelelanisi esithintela ukuhla ngengozi.

Ividiyo

Ibizwa ngokuba yividiyo eyahlukileyo okanye ividiyo eyahlukileyo, ibonisa ukusetyenziswa okuncinci kakhulu okuvumela ukuba wenze iitv zeTV kunye nolawulo lweetshipsi zeempawu zeNTSC / PAL, zazisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngexesha le-DVD boom kodwa sele zingasasebenzi.

Analog

Le ndawo yaziwa ngabantu abaninzi yenye yezona zilula kwaye ezinye iinkampani zemidlalo yevidiyo, iinkampani zentambo. Izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenzisiweyo kunxibelelwano lwazo, ngokubanzi isinxibelelanisi esaziwa ngokuba yiRCA (iRadio Corporation yaseMelika) sasetyenziswa.

Iziphumo zecandelo

Luhlobo lwemveliso ye-analog ekwanoxanduva lokuhambisa iividiyo zenkcazo ephezulu, isetyenziselwa iiprojektha ezinomgangatho ofana nalowo weSVGA. Yenziwe zizidibanisi ezintathu apho kwezinye izixhobo ziphawulwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo (Y, Cb kunye neCr). Yasetyenziswa kakhulu kwiikhompyuter ezithile, kodwa isetyenziselwa izixhobo zesandi kuphela kunye nemidlalo ethile yevidiyo.

Idijithali yeTTL

Yimodeli yokuxhuma ye-DE-9, yayisetyenziselwa ixesha elide ukudibanisa izikrini ze-IBM. Ivumela ukuhambelana neVGA, MDA, itekhnoloji ye-EGA, phakathi kwabanye. Namhlanje ayisebenzi ngokupheleleyo.

Inkqubo yokupholisa

Sazi kakuhle ukuba esinye sezixhobo ezisebenza kakhulu kwikhompyuter, kumdlalo wevidiyo okanye esinye isixhobo sanamhlanje likhadi lemizobo.Ukuba isixhobo sivulwe, siqala ukusebenza kwaye sithumele kwaye silawula ulwazi.

Oku kubangela ukuba iqondo lobushushu lekhadi levidiyo libonise ukwanda okuthile. Imithwalo yemisebenzi mikhulu, ivelisa ubushushu obunokubangela ukonakala kwiisekethe nakwezinye iinkqubo ezizezinye. Phakathi kweziphumo kukho iingxaki zokuvimba okanye ukusilela kwiscreen nakwikhadi ngokwalo.

Ukudityaniswa kwezixhobo zokuhlisa iqondo lobushushu kubizwa ngokuba ziifriji ezivumela ukuphelisa ubushushu obugqithisileyo bamakhadi. Iimodeli ziza neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zabalandeli okanye izipholisi, masibone ezimbalwa.

Ubushushu

Zizixhobo zohlobo oludlulayo, azenziwanga ziinxalenye ezihambayo ukuze zithule. Ezi zixhobo zenziwe ngentsimbi evumela ubushushu obukhutshwe ekhadini ukuba benziwe. Basebenza ngokusekwe kubume kunye nomphezulu wekhadi, oko kukuthi, enkulu imfuno yokupholisa inkulu kakhulu kunokuba kufanele ukuba ibe ngaphezulu ukukhupha ubushushu.

Abalandeli

Ziyaziwa kakhulu kwaye zibonakala ngokwenyama, ezibizwa ngokuba zixhobo zokupholisa ezisebenzayo. Inezinto ezihambayo ezisusa ubushushu ngenkqubo efana neefeni okanye iielectros kwizithuthi. Bahlala bevelisa ingxolo kwaye bayabonwa nakwezinye iindawo zangaphandle zeekhompyuter.

Ezi zixhobo zimbini zikuvumela ukuba wehlise iqondo lobushushu ukuze ufumane ukusebenza okungcono kwekhadi levidiyo. Ziyahambelana nayo nayiphi na ikhompyuter kwaye naphakathi kwezixhobo kunye. Heatsinks ikhupha ubushushu ngelixa abalandeli besusa.

Ifriji engamanzi

Kukho inkqubo ehambele phambili kakhulu esebenzisa ukupholisa ulwelo emanzini; Isetyenziselwa amakhadi evidiyo agcina umsebenzi owomeleleyo. Inkqubo ibekwe kufutshane kwisisu semoto kwiikhompyuter zekhompyuter. Isebenza kakuhle, ithule kwaye ayithathi ndawo enkulu.

Ukutya

Iindlela zokufumana amandla ombane kwizixhobo zekhadi elibonisa imifanekiso ziye zahluka kancinci, nangona bezingeyongxaki kule minyaka idlulileyo, zihlala zikwinqanaba lokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Ukuphuhliswa kwetekhnoloji entsha kubangele ukuvela kokusetyenziswa okukhulu kakhulu.

Amandla ombane anamandla amakhulu. Umzekelo amakhadi ophuhliso eNVIDIA eza nezixhobo zamandla zePCle ezinceda ukunxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo kunikezelo lwamandla ekhadini.

Umthombo ekubhekiswa kuwo unezibuko le-PCle apho ugqithiso lwangoku ludlula kwibhodi yomama kwaye lufikelela kunxibelelwano lwekhadi lemizobo. Ewe umsebenzi wekhadi levidiyo uvumela ukusasaza kunye nokulawula ngendlela elungeleleneyo yonke inani lamandla ngokubhekisele kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo zangaphakathi.

Abanye bakholelwa ukuba ukuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji entsha eyenzeka ngokubhekisele kumakhadi emizobo, kungakhokelela kufakelo lwamazibuko okufaka amandla ngokuthe ngqo, afakwe kwintambo eqhagamshela ngqo kwikhompyuter.

Iimodeli ezindala zamakhadi evidiyo

Sele siwazi umsebenzi wekhadi levidiyo, nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kwawo bekungasoloko kunjalo. Namhlanje siyayibona indlela la makhadi emizobo aqhubeka ngayo ukulawula ezinye izinto, ngenxa yoko azincedi kuphela ukwandisa ukusebenza kweekhompyuter okanye imidlalo yevidiyo, kodwa zilungelelanise iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo.

Amakhadi evidiyo abenodaleko ukusukela ekudalweni kwabo kwii-60s, bevumela abaphuhlisi babo ukuba badlale ngobuchule bokuzisela abasebenzisi iimeko ezintle zokubukela. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi wekhadi levidiyo wavela ngenxa yamakhadi amadala okanye angasetyenziswanga asebenzela ukufikelela kwitekhnoloji yangoku.

Amakhadi emizobo yeHercules, (HGC)

Igama lalo ngenxa yamandla kunye namandla ekucingelwa ukuba angalivelisa eli khadi. Nangona kunjalo, yayivumela ukuba ibe yimodeli esemgangathweni eyasasazwa yinkampani "yeHercules" kwiikhompyuter zokuqala ngo-1982. Nangona yayingenazo iindlela ze-BIOS eziqhelekileyo.

Inkampani ephumeze ukusetyenziswa kwayo yayiyi-IBM, la makhadi anesisombululo seepikseli ezingama-720 x 348 nge-64 Kb yememori yesikrini sememori. I-RAM yekhadi yayikukudala kuphela izingqinisiso kwindawo nganye yesikrini kunye nokufumana umfanekiso. Isebenzise kuphela i-1 bit x 720 x 348 pixels, kunye nobuninzi be-Hz ezingama-50.

Iadaptha yeMibala yeMibala (CGA)

Le adapter yemibala ibikho kwintengiso ukusukela ngo-1981 kwaye yanikezelwa yi-IBM. Yayiyinto ebalulekileyo yexesha ngokubekwa kweliso kunye nophuhliso lwescreen. Ndineematriki kufutshane namachaphaza ama-8 x 8 kumqolo wama-25 kunye nezikrini ezingama-80 zekholamu. Abalinganiswa bamelwe njengoko bakrwelelwe umgca ngaphantsi kwaye babenenkumbulo eyi-16 Kb.Yayihambelana kuphela ne-RGB monitors kunye nezinye eziphuma kwezinye, imowudi yemizobo yayinesisombululo sama-640 x 200 ee-pixels.

Yayiphakamile kancinci kumakhadi amaninzi evidiyo kwaye ivumela ukunxibelelana ngendlela ekhawulezayo ngamanqaku amabini akhoyo kwiigridi ezinabahloli bonxibelelwano. Umbala wawuluhlobo lwedijithali kwaye wawuneebhitithi ezi-3 zokuqina, zahanjiswa ngezigaba ezithathu. Ngale nto, imibala ye-8 yamandla amabini ahlukeneyo afezekisiwe.

Ngaphandle kokuthandwa kakhulu, wayenokusilela kula maqela. Ekugqibeleni "umphumo wekhephu" wabonakala, oquka ukubonakala kwesikrini samachaphaza amhlophe afana nekhephu. Babeluhlobo oluphakathi olugqwetha umfanekiso, ezinye iikhompyuter zizisa i-BIOS eguqulweyo apho unokukhetha ukupheliswa kwempazamo.

Isibonisi seMonochrome, (MDA)

Yayiyenye yeedaptha zokuqala zokubonisa uhlobo lwe-monochrome ezisungulwe yinkampani ye-IBM kwii-80's zokuqala.Babenememori ye-4 Kb kwaye yayilikhadi elikhethekileyo lokujonga uhlobo lwe-TTL. Ezi ntlobo zemizobo zaziwa kakhulu ngeempawu zazo eziluhlaza kunye ne-amber.

Abazange babe nemizobo kwaye isisombululo sinokufikelela kuphela kwiiphikseli ezingama-80 x 25, sisebenza kuphela kubalinganiswa abancinci. Alukho uhlobo lokumisela olunokwenziwa. Kodwa ngexesha labo bancede kakhulu iinkampani ezininzi ukusombulula imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo.

I-MDA isebenzisa isilawuli sevidiyo ukufunda imemori yeROM, ukuthumela ulwazi kuthotho oluvumela ukuvulwa kweenkqubo kuboniswe kwiscreen kwimigca. Ulwazi kunye nokulungiswa kwedatha kwakulinganiselwe ngokukodwa ekwandisweni kwemigca yokubhaliweyo kunye namanani.

Abaphuhlisi bemizobo

Iinkqubo ezininzi ziyazi ukuba ukusebenza namakhadi emizobo kuyinto enzima. Ukufakwa kunye neenkqubo zazo kufuna ulwazi olukhethekileyo, kuba abo baqala kwihlabathi lenkqubo yekhompyuter, sicebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe ezi zixhobo zilandelayo ezivumela ukusebenza kwekhadi levidiyo ngokusebenza ngokufakelwa kokusebenziseka lula.

Amakhadi evidiyo afuna ujongano lwenkqubo yesicelo (i-API), enzima kwaye ichaza ukuba ezi zixhobo zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Masibone ukuba ngawaphi amakhadi evidiyo afanelekileyo.

I-OpenGL yenye yezona ndawo zangoku kunye nezixhobo zangoku ezenziwe yinkampani yeSilicon Graphics ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-90. Sisicelo sasimahla esisimahla kwaye sisebenza kumaqonga amaninzi. Ijolise ngokukodwa kwi-CAD, eyiyo eyiyo okanye yokusetyenziswa kwevidiyo yokulinganisa; isimahla, isimahla kwaye iphindaphindwe.
IDirect3D sisicelo esithatha imarike yesicelo sekhadi levidiyo, yakhutshwa ngo-1996 kwaye ibandakanyiwe kwiphakheji yomsebenzi kwaye iDirectX isetyenziselwa kuphela inkqubo yokusebenza yeWindows kuzo zonke iinguqulelo zayo. Okwangoku yenye yezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela.

Ingathengwa ngokusetyenziswa kweGoogle Play okanye amanye amaqonga evenkile yesicelo. Inokuthenjwa kwiinkqubo kwaye luhlobo lophuhliso oludityanisiweyo kwisoftware

Ngubani oyila aze ahlanganise?

Namhlanje kukho iinkampani ezininzi ezenza kwaye zihlanganise olu hlobo lwesixhobo. Nangona kunjalo, abanye bazinikezela ekuphuhliseni umsebenzi wekhadi labo levidiyo njengoko lalikhulelwe ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-60. Nangona ukwakheka kwawo kwahluke ngokupheleleyo, la makhadi amatsha evidiyo agcina ukusebenza okufanelekileyo.

Ezona zibalulekileyo ziinkampani ezintathu ezibambe iipesenti ezingama-70 zentengiso epheleleyo yamakhadi evidiyo. Sinezinye iinkampani ezinikezelwe kuyilo, ukwenziwa kunye nokudityaniswa kwee-GPU, ezi ziNVIDIA, INTEL kunye ne-AMD ATI endala, ephuhlise inani elikhulu lamakhadi evidiyo kwii-80s, kodwa masibone nganye nganye.

Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ayizizo zonke iinkampani eziyila, zenze kwaye zihlanganise zonke ii-GPU kunye namakhadi evidiyo, nganye nganye izalisekisa umsebenzi othile kwaye umzekelo ezinye iinkampani ziphethe ukuhlangana kunye nokwenza imveliso.

Abaqulunqi be-GPU, kweli qela zezona zibaluleke kakhulu njenge-INTEL, i-NVIDIA kunye ne-AMD. Kwimeko ye-INTEL, ikwanoxanduva lokuyila amakhadi e-motherboard chip adityanisiweyo.
Abavelisi be-GPU, sinezinye iinkampani ezingayili amakhadi okanye izixhobo ze-chip, kodwa zinoxanduva lokuvelisa izixhobo ezisekwe kwiindawo eziphambili, ziyinikezela intsha njengemveliso yokugqibela. Ezi nkampani zi-TSMC kunye ne-Globalfoundries Matrox kunye ne-S3 Graphics, ezi zimbini zokugqibela ezinentengiso encinci encitshisiweyo.
Iindibano zibandakanya ezo zisebenza ngokuthe ngqo nabavelisi bamakhadi azenzele wona. Oku kubangela amakhadi aneetshipsi ezifanayo ukuba zinonxibelelwano olwahlukileyo olusekwe kwintsebenzo, ngakumbi amakhadi emizobo aguqulwe kumzi-mveliso.

Nangona iimodeli ezifanayo zinamagama ahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, abahlanganisi bagcina iimodeli ezithile ezinamagama afanayo kwaye nabavelisi bayayigcina le nto.Phakathi kwabo sine-AMD neNVIDIA. Abo baneemodeli zekhadi levidiyo ezinamagama afanayo kunye nokusebenza ngokufanayo.

Kweli qela kukho iimodeli "CLUB3D", "GIGABYTE" kunye ne "MSI", umahluko othile unokufunyanwa kuba ifuna ngobuchule bayo ukuseka umahluko othile. Ezinye iimodeli ezinje nge "POWERCOLOR" kwi-AMD zimele imodeli ye "EVGA" kwi-NVIDIA.

Sineemodeli ezinje nge "GECUBE" eyenziwe yi-AMD ifana nemodeli ye "POINT OF VIEW" yeNVIDIA. Ikhadi le-AMD "XFX" limele "IGAINWARD" kwi-NVIDIA, kwelinye icala, "SAPPHIRE" ikwi-AMD yintoni "iZOTAC" ikwiNVIDIA.

Ezinye iimodeli esele zinelungelo elilodwa lomenzi azinakusebenzisa amagama afanayo, ukufana kumagama kuchaphazela amakhadi evidiyo athe ukuba mdala kodwa enziwa kwihlabathi, kwiikhompyuter zexabiso eliphantsi.

Iziphumo ezibonakalayo

Iziphumo zokugqibela zenkqubo eyandisiweyo eyenza umsebenzi wekhadi levidiyo ibonakaliswe xa inkcazo yekhadi ibonwa kwiscreen. Sijonga izigqibo ezahlukeneyo zescreen kunye nemizobo emihle xa ikhadi levidiyo linentsebenzo entle.

Kuyafana nangemidlalo yevidiyo, uLwesine bayonwaba xa benokonwaba kwaye bathathe inxaxheba kwimidlalo yevidiyo apho imifanekiso ikumgangatho ongenakulinganiswa. Kwangokunjalo, izibonelelo zoBunyani boBunyani kunye neziphumo ze-3D zihlala zimiselwe ngumgangatho kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwekhadi levidiyo.

Le mifanekiso kunye nezinto ezibonakalayo zenziwe ngokupheleleyo ngumsebenzi wekhadi levidiyo. Kodwa ayiveli kuphela kwimiboniso ebonakalayo, amakhadi evidiyo anokuvelisa izixhobo ezinje ngezi zilandelayo:

Ukufiphaza, luhlobo lwepikseli evumela ukubeka imiphumo eyahlukeneyo kwiindawo ezonyusa ukukhanya kunye nomlingiswa womzobo, ngale fomu ukukhanya kakuhle, izinto zendalo zokwenyani, phantse indawo yokwenyani kunye nokuhanjiswa kuyenziwa.
Ukunikezelwa, luhlobo lokwenziwa koluhlu oluphezulu olunamandla olubizwa ngokuba yi-HDR. Yeyiphi indlela yanamhlanje evumela ukumela uluhlu lwamanqanaba okuqina afanayo nezigcawu zokwenyani. Esi siphumo sikuvumela ukuba ugcine ukukhanya ngokuthe ngqo kunye nezithunzi eziphantse zafana nenyani. Inomanduleli wayo kwigloss eqhelekileyo kwaye ayivumeli umphetho ogudileyo.
I-Sub Stage, ikuvumela ukuba wenze uhlengahlengiso ukunqanda ukugxadazela okanye ubukho bemiphetho efana nesarha, efanayo kakhulu nepikseli. Esi siphumo sivumela ukuqwalasela ukumelwa kwee-curve kunye nemigca ethambekileyo kwizithuba ezingaphambili. Ngamanye amaxesha abasebenzisi bayabaphambanisa nge-pixelation.
Ugxininiso lwentshukumo kunye nobunzulu, ziintlobo ezimbini zeziphumo ezingacacanga ezinceda ukuphucula ubunyani bemifanekiso, iveliswa xa kukho into ehambayo. Kwelinye icala, ubunzulu besiphumo luhlobo lomfanekiso ongacacanga ovumela into okanye umzobo ukuba ukude.
Iifayile zohlobo lwetekhnoloji efakwe kumakhadi evidiyo. Ikuvumela ukuba ungeze iinkcukacha zomhlaba kwezinye iimodeli eziguqula izinto kunye namanani. Esi siphumo asibunyusi ubunzima bamanani ngokwawo.
I-Flicker, olu hlobo lwesiphumo lunceda ekuqwalaseleni umphumo owenziwe yimithombo yokukhanya kwiilensi zekhamera. Isebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwezinye iimeko kwaye ngakumbi kwimidlalo yevidiyo.
Ukubonakaliswa okuthe ngqo, kubonakala phantse kuwo onke amakhadi evidiyo kwaye kukwabizwa ngokuba yi "Fresnel Effect". Ivelisa umfanekiso othe ngqo obonakaliswe kwinto ngokokuma kwayo kwiscreen, nangona kunjalo isiphumo sonyuka xa into ikwi-engile eyonyuswe ngakumbi.
I-Tessellation yindlela yokuphumeza ubume beepoligoni ukuze kwenziwe amanani ejiyometri.Injongo yale teknoloji kukuqinisekisa ukuba amanani ngokwawo akabonakali ethe tyaba.

Ukusilela kwekhadi levidiyo

Ngamanye amaxesha ukwandiswa kwekhadi levidiyo ukuze ufumane isantya esingcono sokuphumeza kunokubangela iingxaki xa usenza into ethile kwikhompyuter. Ukwandisa amandla kunye nokusebenza kwekhadi levidiyo kubalulekile ukuqaphela izinto ezimbalwa.

Ukwazi kancinci malunga nokusebenza kwemodeli yezixhobo, unyaka kunye nomenzi kunokukunceda ufunde ngakumbi malunga nokusombulula iingxaki ezinokuthi zenzeke ngesiquphe. Akulungele ukulungelelanisa amandla aphezulu kwikhadi levidiyo ngaphandle kokwazi iimpawu zekhompyutha.

Xa i-Hardware yaziswa kwizixhobo, kunokwenzeka ukuba uhlobo oluthile lwengxaki luvakala kwikhompyuter kwaye ngakumbi nekhadi levidiyo. Le ngxaki ingasombululwa xa uphawu kunye nengxaki eboniswa yikhompyuter kunye nokuba ikhadi liqala ukubonakaliswa liyaziwa.

Njengamacebo amaninzi. Umsebenzi wekhadi levidiyo uqala ukusilela xa ezinye iimpawu zibonwa kwiscreen ezinokonakalisa esinye isixhobo kwikhompyuter nakwimemori.

Umsebenzi ngamanye amaxesha uyathobela uhlaziyo loMqhubi. Kodwa masibone ukuba zithini na ezo mpawu. Ukuza kwindawo ethile okanye ngokuthe ngqo xa ikhadi levidiyo lisebenza neengxaki.

Inkangeleko yezinto ezikwiskrini.

Le meko inokwenzeka xa nangaliphi na ixesha sibona izinto zobugcisa ezahlukahlukeneyo zivela kwiscreen ngaphandle kwesizathu, ngaphandle kokwazi ukuba kutheni zibonakala ngesiquphe zize zinyamalale. Umfanekiso uphambukile kwaye ubukhali bawo bulahlekile, oku kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokuba ikhadi alisebenzi kwinkqubo efunwayo.

Inqaku kukuba izinto ze-3D ziyakhubazeka kwaye zilahle ubumbeko. Ngendlela enokuthi ibonise ingxaki ebonakaliswa luphawu olungaphephekiyo. Ke umsebenzi wekhadi levidiyo ulihlwempu kwaye kuyacetyiswa kwangoko ukuba wenze uhlengahlengiso oluyimfuneko okanye ubeke endaweni yalo.

Ingxolo yabalandeli

Kunokubakho imeko apho ifeni yonakele. Le meko inokuvelisa isandi esingathandekiyo kwezixhobo. Ke inokwenza ubushushu bonyuke kwikhadi levidiyo.

Ingxaki inokwenzeka xa uvula ikhompyuter okanye nangaliphi na ixesha ngexesha lokusebenza kwayo. Kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba ezi zixhobo zinobomi obuluncedo beminye iminyaka, ingcebiso kukuzifaka endaweni yazo ngokukhawuleza.

Iingxaki zomqhubi

Kungenzeka ukuba isikrini sihamba mnyama imizuzwana embalwa ngaphandle kwesizathu. Ke emva kwemizuzwana embalwa ikhompyuter ivuliwe kwakhona kwaye ulwazi olunxulumene nokuhlaziywa kwabaqhubi luyavela, ke ikhompyuter kufuneka iqale kwakhona.

Zimbini iindlela zokuthintela le ngxaki; Okokuqala ukuba iyenzeka kwakhona kungenxa yokuba ikhadi levidiyo libonisa ukusilela. Ke ukuba usebenzisa izixhobo ngeenjongo ezilula kuphela ukulungiselela amanye amaxwebhu kwaye uqhagamshele kwi-intanethi kuphela. Qhubeka nokukhubaza isoftware ezenzekelayo kunye nohlaziyo lomqhubi.

Okokugqibela, ukuba ingxaki iyaqhubeka kwangoko, tsalela ikhompyuter yakho uchwepheshe ukuba aqwalasele kwangoko. Zama ukunqanda ukuba ingxaki inokuhlawulwa irhafu ngokushiywa okanye ukungakhathali.

Iscreen esimnyama

Ngamanye amaxesha kuhlala kwenzeka ukuba isikrini siba mnyama kwaye sihambe mnyama mnyama. Kodwa ngeli xesha isikrini asivuli kwaye asibonisi naluphi na ulwazi. okucetyiswayo kukucela utshintsho kwikhadi elidityaniswe kwibhodi yomama. Nangona kunjalo unokwenza uvavanyo ngekhadi levidiyo elingabizi kakhulu ukuze wazi ukuba ingxaki ivela apho.

Ii-GPU zichonga umsebenzi wekhadi levidiyo, nangona kunjalo ukusebenza kugqitywe ngokukodwa ngumda wendlela. Ukuhambelana kwamakhadi evidiyo kunye nekhompyuter okanye inkqubo yokusebenza kunokubangela iingxaki ekusebenzeni kweliso.

Indlela eyenziwe ngayo amakhadi inokumisela ukuba amanye anokwenziwa ngemida ethile. Ngamanye amagama, ukucaciswa kunye nokuveliswa kwamakhadi evidiyo kuqinisekiswe kuphela yinkampani eyenzayo. Oku, nangona kunjalo, akuqinisekisi ukuba iichips kunye nezinye izinto ezivumela ukuhlangana kwekhadi, kunokuba zezona zilungileyo.

Ngesi sizathu, ezinye iintsilelo zingenziwa ngexesha lokwenziwa kunye nokudityaniswa.Uyilo aluphazamisi ukusilela kwefektri; ke kusezandleni zabahlanganisi kunye nabavelisi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwemveliso. Abanye banokuba neengxaki zokuziqhelanisa kunye nokuhambelana neenkqubo zokusebenza.

Izisombululo

Ukuthintela ukonakala komsebenzi wekhadi levidiyo kubalulekile ukwazi ezinye zezisombululo ezilula. Oku kukuvumela ukuba unciphise iingxaki kwaye uyazi ngokwenyani okwenzekayo ekubekweni esweni okanye kwikhadi levidiyo.

Hlaziya abaqhubi

Yindlela yokuzama ukusombulula iingozi ezithile ezenzeka ngezihlandlo, ngokuvalwa okungalindelekanga kweenkqubo, iintlawulo ezingeyomfuneko, isikrini esimnyama phakathi kwabanye.

Kubalulekile ukuba wazi ukuba ukungawuhlaziyi umqhubi kungakhokelela kwingxaki yoqwalaselo. Ezinye izixhobo ziyilelwe ukuba zihlaziywe amaxesha ngamaxesha. Ukuba ngaso nasiphi na isizathu abaqhubi bahlaziyiwe. Jonga abaqhubi abadala kwaye uwahlaziye.

Guqula isisombululo kunye nombala

Ubushushu obubangelwa kukusilela kwizixhobo zokupholisa kunokubangela ukucotha kubukho nophuhliso lwemizobo, ngakumbi ezo zinikezelwe kwifomathi ye-3D. Zama ukujonga ubushushu bezixhobo; Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ubenethemometha esesandleni ukuze wazi ukuba iqondo lobushushu likhuphukile kwikhadi levidiyo lekhompyuter.

Ngokuchukumisa nje ngaphantsi kwelaptop okanye uchukumise i-CPU, unokuziva ukuba iqondo lobushushu liphezulu kakhulu. Kungenzeka ukuba ingxaki ivela kuthuli olugqithisileyo kwaye hayi kwiingxaki ezikhoyo ngenkqubo yokupholisa ikhadi levidiyo.

Imvelelo

Ukuhamba rhoqo kwezixhobo kunokubangela ukonakala okanye ingxaki. Musa ukubeka izixhobo kwiindawo apho kukho ukungcangcazela kwaye kuxhomekeke ekuhambeni kwequbuliso. Ukuba uhambisa izixhobo, zenze ngobunono. i-hard drive kunye nekhadi levidiyo lokudibanisa linokuchaphazeleka kukushukuma okugqithileyo.

Jonga unxibelelwano

Kubalulekile ukuba uzibonele ngokwakho ukuba ngaba naziphi na iintambo okanye izihlanganisi zidala iingxaki. Unokude ubonise imeko enokuthi ichukunyiswe okanye ungenzi unxibelelwano olufanelekileyo. Jonga imeko yeentambo ukuba nganye inxibelelana kakuhle. Kwimeko yeentambo zohlobo lwe-HDMI, zibuthathaka kakhulu kwaye ukuba azikho kunxibelelwano olomeleleyo banokulahla umsindo kunye nezinye iindlela zokubonisa.

Jonga esweni.

Ukubeka iliso kukholelwa ekubeni lulwandiso lomsebenzi wekhadi levidiyo. Ngamanye amaxesha kunokwenzeka ukuba ingxaki ivele nyhani kwiliso; Ngamanye amaxesha ukholelwa ukuba isiphoso sivela kwikhadi levidiyo. Kuyacetyiswa ukuqinisekisa unxibelelwano olungena kwaye lushiye ikhadi ngokwalo. Ukuba ingxaki iyaqhubeka, beka esinye isikrini ukuba ikhompyuter yedesktop.

Guqula ikhadi

Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba akukho nasinye sezindululo esisombulule nantoni na, yenza utshintsho kwikhadi levidiyo. Ukuba awazi ukuba ungayenza njani, nxibelelana nengcali yeekhompyuter okanye uthathe izixhobo uzise kwindawo yokulungisa; Bazokwazi ukubonisa indlela yokusombulula okanye yokutshintsha ikhadi levidiyo. Khumbula ukuba ucele ukuba kwenziwe enye endaweni yayo.

Ingcebiso yethu kukuba ucele ikhadi elonakeleyo, kwaye ngokwakho, apho unokufumana khona inempawu ezifanayo. Oku kuvumela izixhobo ukuba zibonise ubumbeko olufanayo kwakhona emva kokuba igcisa liqhubekekile ukufaka ikhadi lemizobo kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo.