Ukusukela kumaxesha amandulo, unxibelelwano ibiyinto ephambili kuphuhliso lweendawo ezahlukeneyo zoluntu. Itekhnoloji ayisekho. Ukusukela oko kwaqalwa iikhompyuter, inkqubela phambili yenziwe kwi amazibuko onxibelelwano, ezo zidibanisa umntu nekhompyuter.
Amazibuko onxibelelwano
Ngaphambi kokuchaza ukuba yintoni amazibuko onxibelelwano, kubalulekile ukuba sazi kancinci ngembali yayo. Ngokubhekisele kwikhompyuter, umntu unokuthetha ngezizukulwana ezithandathu zeekhompyuter. Eyokuqala kwezi ibekwe phakathi kweminyaka yoo-1940 kunye naphakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1950. Ngenxa yale migudu, iintlobo ngeentlobo ze amazibuko onxibelelwano.
Inkcazo
Los amazibuko onxibelelwano zezo ndlela, okanye iindlela, ezivumela unxibelelwano phakathi kwekhompyuter kunye nelizwe langaphandle. Ngokusebenzisa i-interface, ekwabizwa ngokuba sisixhobo esikwisikrini, ikhompyuter ifumana idatha kwizinto ezingqonge yona. Ngamanye amaxesha, le datha, xa sele yenziwe, inokubuyiselwa kwezi zixhobo. Ngenxa yokugqitywa kwale nkqubo, amazibuko onxibelelwano zikwabizwa ngokuba kukungenisa / ukuphuma okanye ukungena / ukuphuma kwamazibuko.
Ukuze le nkqubo iphumelele, zombini iikhompyuter kunye nezinto kufuneka ziqhagamshelene. Oku kufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa imigca yedijithali okanye amaqela eentambo, enza ibhasi.
Umsebenzi
Ukuqala kwinkcazo, kunokuqondwa ukuba umsebenzi we amazibuko onxibelelwano kukusebenza njengendawo yokudibanisa, ukuvumela idatha ukuba ihambe phakathi kwesixhobo kunye nekhompyuter, okanye ngokuchaseneyo.
Izixhobo
Ngokusekwe kwinkcazo ye- amazibuko onxibelelwano, kungaseta ezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Zimbini iintlobo zokudibanisa: eyasetyhini neyindoda. Indoda inezikhonkwane ekuhanjiswa ngazo ulwazi. Imazi ayinazikhonkwane, kodwa imingxunya. Ezi zihambelana nenani lezikhonkwane ezenziwa ngoomatshini abanesidibanisi sendoda.
- Zibekwe kwibhodi yomama yayo nayiphi na ikhompyuter.
- Zilikhonkco okanye indawo yokudibanisa nezixhobo zangaphandle.
- Sebenzisa imiqondiso yombane, bavumela ukuhamba kwedatha ukuya nokubuya kwikhompyuter.
- Zihlala zifumaneka ngasemva kwikhompyuter. Nangona kunjalo, namhlanje, kuqhelekile ukufumana ezinye zazo ngaphambili.
Zininzi kakhulu amazibuko onxibelelwano eziye zabakho, ngenxa yotshintsho kunye nenkqubela phambili kwitekhnoloji nakwi-elektroniki. Nangona kunjalo, ngoku, sinakho oku kulandelayo:
Uthotho lwezibuko
Olu hlobo lwesinxibelelanisi lutyala igama lalo ngendlela ehambisa ngayo idatha: enye ngexesha, enye emva kwenye. Oko kukuthi, ukuhanjiswa kuthotho kwaye kwenzeka ngejelo elinye lonxibelelwano. Ke ngoko, ubuthathaka bayo obukhulu buyacotha.
Ngokubanzi, zimbini zazo kwibhodi yomama, ebizwa ngokuba yi-COM 1 kunye ne-COM 2. Zombini zibekwe ngasemva kwebhodi yomama. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iibhodi ezamkela ngaphezulu kweendidi ezimbini zesango lezibuko.
Ngenxa yobungakanani bazo, zikhona izikhonkwane eziyi-9 okanye ezingama-25. Olona hlobo luxhaphakileyo yi-D-sub, ephethe imiqondiso ye-RS-232 ngentambo elula.
Yamkela uqhagamshelo lweemodem zangaphandle, iibhodi zekhibhodi kunye neempuku. Ukongeza, isebenza njengeadaptha ukuze ikwazi ukunxibelelana iikhompyuter ezininzi kunye.
izibuko elifanayo
Njengoko igama layo lisitsho, idlulisa ulwazi ngamajelo afanayo. Okanye yintoni enye, ugqithisela amasuntswana aliqela ngaxeshanye, ngaphezulu komgca omnye wonxibelelwano. Eli nqaku liyenza ikhawuleze kunezibuko lezibuko.
Izibuko elingqinelanayo sisidibanisi sohlobo lwabasetyhini kwaye sinezikhonkwane ezingama-25. Ime emva kwikhompyuter, nakwezinye iimodeli ezisezantsi kwezibuko le mouse.
Ngenxa yokulula kwayo, umshicileli ngowona mzekelo ubalulekileyo wolu hlobo lwesinxibelelanisi. Ngapha koko, ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi-Centronic port ngegama lesidibanisi kwicala lomshicileli. Ikwavumela unxibelelwano lwesikena.
Kukho amanye amazibuko ahambelanayo, angasetyenziswanga kangako, avumela uqhagamshelo lwehard disk kunye neCD kunye neDVD yokufunda.
Izibuko le-USB
Lizibuko lonxibelelwano ngokugqwesa. Ikwabizwa ngokuba lizibuko lendalo iphela, ukulungiselela ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwaye ngenxa yokuba inoluhlobo olunye lwekhebula kunye nesinxibelelanisi, ngaphandle komsebenzi owenzayo. Ekufikeni kwayo, unxibelelwano lwezinto zangaphandle lwalusemgangathweni.
Ngale ndlela, kwimvelaphi yayo, yafudusa amazibuko afanayo kunye nokufana. Inokudibanisa phantse naluphi na uhlobo lwangaphandle lwangaphandle, njenge: umshicileli, ikhibhodi, imouse, i-hard drive yangaphandle kwaye, namhlanje, nokuba ziifowuni eziphathwayo. Unxibelelwano kunye nohlobo lwezixhobo ze-USB azichaphazeli isantya okanye ukusebenza kwayo. Umzekelo wolu hlobo lwezixhobo ngabashicileli, abathi bona babe ziiskena kunye neefotokopi.
Isebenza njengeplagi kunye nokudlala, oko kukuthi, ipheripherali edityanisiweyo iyaqatshelwa ngokuzenzekelayo xa ikhompyuter ivuliwe kwakhona. Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho mfuneko yokuyiqhagamshela kunye nokuyiqhawula ngokucima izixhobo. Esi sesona sibonelelo saso siphambili kumazibuko angaphambili, ukongeza kwisantya esiphezulu sokudlulisa ulwazi.
Kwithiyori, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-127 zonxibelelwano ngaxeshanye zinokusekwa nayo, zonke zisebenza kwikhompyuter enye.
Ngokwasemzimbeni, lelona zibuko lincinci lincinci ngasemva kwikhompyuter. Sisidibanisi esizimeleyo, esinezikhonkwane ezine, nangona kunokubakho ezinye ezenzelwe unxibelelwano olungaphezulu kwesinye.
Isinxibelelanisi sePS-2
Namhlanje, liqhagamshelo lodidi lweekhibhodi kunye neempuku. Sisinxibelelanisi esidibanisa izinto ezininzi, ekulindeleke ukuba sitshintshwe ngokupheleleyo ngamazibuko e-USB.
Inezikhonkwane ezintandathu kwaye imi ngasemva kwikhompyuter. Ngokubanzi, zimbini izihlanganisi zolu hlobo, ezahlulwe ngemibala yazo. Ngenxa yemigangatho yokuvelisa, izibuko elimfusa lisetyenziselwa ikhibhodi kunye nezibuko eliluhlaza kwimouse.
Zombini izihlanganisi ziyafana ngokupheleleyo, ukuba bezinokutshintshaniswa kunxibelelwano lwazo, ngekhe kubekho monakalo kwizixhobo. Nangona kunjalo, ayikhuthazwa le nto.
Isinxibelelanisi seRJ-45
Iyaziwa ngegama lesihlanganisi se-Ethernet, kwaye kwasekuqaleni yayiyilelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zenethiwekhi yendawo. Okwangoku, iyasetyenziswa xa ikhompyuter ingahambelani neenethiwekhi ezingenazingcingo, okanye xa singenakho ukufikelela kwinethiwekhi yeWi-Fi.
Eyona nto iphambili kuyo kukuba idatha idluliswa ngohlobo olufanayo lwebhanti eyamkelweyo, oko kukuthi, ukuhanjiswa kwayo yi-baseband. Unxibelelwano olukhuselekileyo noluzinzileyo kunolo luveliswa ziintambo ze-coaxial. Ikwabonelela ngokusebenza okuphezulu kunonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo.
Ayinayo indawo ethile ngaphakathi kwebhodi yomama. Nangona kunjalo, kuqhelekile ukuyifumana ngaphezulu kwezihlanganisi zeRCA, ngasemva kwikhompyuter. Ngokubanzi, ibhodi yomama inesibuko esinye kuphela.
Isinxibelelanisi seRCA
Sisinxibelelanisi esinikezelwe kwizixhobo zangaphandle zohlobo lwee-audiovisual. Inezidibanisi ezimbini zamadoda nabasetyhini, ezinokuthi zichongwe ngemibala yazo. Emthubi isetyenziselwa ividiyo edibeneyo, ebomvu kwindawo yecala lesandi esisekunene. Kwiinkqubo zestiriyo, umbala umnyama okanye umhlophe kwisitishi secala lasekhohlo. Eyona nto iphambili kuyo kukuba iintambo ezahlukileyo ziyafuneka kuhlobo ngalunye lomqondiso okhutshiweyo.
Ezi zidibanisi zibekwe ngasemva kwibhodi yomama. Ividiyo kwindawo yekhadi levidiyo kunye nesandi kwisikhala sekhadi lesandi.
Isidibanisi seVGA
Ifana nezibuko le-serial, kodwa endaweni yezikhonkwane inemingxunya, eqokelelwe kwimiqolo emithathu. Zizibuko lonxibelelwano oluqhelekileyo, apho ukubek'esweni kuqhagamshelwe kwikhadi levidiyo lekhompyuter. Kukwakhona kwiiprojektha nakwiinkcazo eziphezulu zethelevishini.
Ngokunokwenzeka, ukunqongophala kwenkxaso evela kwezinye iiprosesa sesona sizathu sokuba kutshintshwe izixhumi zohlobo lwe-DVI okanye lwe-HDMI.
Nangona ibekwe ngasemva kwibhodi yomama, indawo yayo ekhethekileyo ixhomekeke kwimodeli yebhodi yomama. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo ukuyifumana phantsi kwezibuko lezibuko.
Isinxibelelanisi se-DVI
Yaba lilandela kwitekhnoloji ye-analog ye-VGA port, kwaye ithathelwe indawo ngandlela yimbi zizidibanisi ze-HDMI. Idlulisa imiqondiso yevidiyo yedijithali ngaphandle kokulahleka kolwazi, ngokudibanisa kwiscreen seLCD. Oku kuthetha ukuba umfanekiso awulahlekelwa ngumgangatho ngexesha lokukhutshwa kwawo. Ezi zinokuba lilinye okanye amakhonkco amabini.
Isidibanisi seHDMI
Ivumela unxibelelwano lwezixhobo zemultimedia zencazelo ephezulu, eyenze ukuba isuse isinxibelelanisi se-DVI ngokulula. Ngapha koko, imvelaphi yayo inembonakalo ye-HD kunye nezigqibo zemifanekiso epheleleyo ye-HD, ezingcono kakhulu kune-DVI.
Ime kwibhodi yomama kwaye, kwangaxeshanye, kwikhadi lemizobo lekhompyuter.
Izibuko lomlilo
Eyona nto iphambili kuyo kukuhambisa umthamo omkhulu wedatha ngesantya esiphezulu. Ivumela ukusombulula unxibelelwano kunye neengxaki zesantya, isekhona kwizibuko le-USB 1.
Iikhamera zevidiyo kunye nezixhobo zevidiyo zixhunyiwe kwesi sibuko, zivumela uqhagamshelo kunye notshintshiselwano ngevidiyo yedijithali. Kufunyenwe kwibhodi yomama yekhompyuter, kodwa kukho iindidi zazo, kuxhomekeke kumenzi.
Isinxibelelanisi se-IrDA
Eyona nto iphambili kuyo kukukwazi ukunxibelelana ngaphandle kwamacingo. Ngokubanzi, isetyenziswa kwizixhobo eziphathwayo. Iqale njengohlobo loqhagamshelo lwe-infrared, kodwa kungekudala yathathelwa indawo zizixhobo zebluetooh. Oku kungenxa yokuba ekusebenzeni kwayo izinto zazifuneka zibekwe ngaphantsi kwemitha enye kwenye.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba zonke izibuko zonxibelelwano ezichazwe apha zibhekisa kwizibuko elibonakalayo. Nangona kunjalo, kufanelekile ukukhankanya ubukho bamazibuko abonakalayo.
Izibuko elililo
Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukwabelana ngokusetyenziswa kwezicelo zenethiwekhi kunye neenkonzo ezisebenza ngaxeshanye kwikhompyuter. Ivumela ukugcwala kolwazi olungenayo ngenethiwekhi, kube lula kwizicelo.
Ukunikezela izibuko lenethiwekhi eluncedo kuluncedo xa ikhompyuter ingenazibuko lehardware, okanye xa inayo ayonelanga. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunciphisa inani leentambo ezixhumeke kwikhompyuter.
Nje ukuba iinkcukacha zento nganye amazibuko onxibelelwano, kunokugqitywa ngoku kulandelayo:
Izigqibo
Emva koqwalaselo lwezona zinto zibalulekileyo, kubhekiswa kwifayile ye- amazibuko onxibelelwano, ufumana oku kulandelayo:
- Los amazibuko onxibelelwano Zizo iindlela zonxibelelwano phakathi kwekhompyuter kunye phantse naluphi na uhlobo lwesixhobo esisecaleni. Unxibelelwano oluqhelekileyo lunikwa ngabashicileli, ikhibhodi, imouse, imodem yangaphandle, phakathi kwabanye.
- Uthotho lwamazibuko agcina isantya esisezantsi kunxibelelwano kubashicileli bangaphandle kunye neemodem.
- Izibuko elifanayo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, vumela unxibelelwano phakathi kwezixhobo ezininzi ngaxeshanye. Apha ungabona ukuba kanjani qhagamshela iimonitha ezimbini kwiLaptop
- Izibuko le-USB zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye zikhawulezisa izihlanganisi, zivumela unxibelelwano ngaxeshanye lwezixhobo ezili-127.
- Izibuko lePS-2 zizidibanisi ezingapheliyo zokudibanisa iibhodi ezitshixwayo kunye neempuku.
- Isinxibelelanisi se-RJ-45 sikhethekileyo kunxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi ye-Intanethi.
- Isinxibelelanisi seRCA senzelwe ukuba sinxibelelane nezixhobo zokumamela.
- Isinxibelelanisi seVGA siqhagamshela ikhadi lemizobo yecompyuter kwimonitha.
- Isinxibelelanisi se-DVI sivumela ukuba umgangatho womfanekiso usetyenziselwe ubuninzi.
- Isinxibelelanisi se-HDMI sibhekisa kwinkcazo ephezulu yevidiyo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwesandi.
- Isango leFirewire livumela uqhagamshelo lwezixhobo zevidiyo kwikhompyuter.
- Isinxibelelanisi se-IrDA, esingasasebenziyo ngoku, sisetyenziselwa unxibelelwano nge-infrared.
Okokugqibela, sinika iingcebiso zokunyusa ukusetyenziswa kwefayile ye- amazibuko onxibelelwano.
Iingcebiso
- Uninzi lwe amazibuko onxibelelwano zisetyenziselwa ubuncwane. Ke ngoko, inkathalo egqithisileyo kufuneka ithathwe xa uqhagamshela ukunqanda ukonakalisa izikhonkwane.
- Ngaphambi kokudibanisa amazibuko kwikhompyuter, kufuneka sijonge ukuba ayinamandla.
- Ukuqinisekisa ukukhawulezisa okukhulu ekusebenzeni kwamazibuko, njenge-USB, kuyacetyiswa ukwenza uhlaziyo lwamaxesha ngamaxesha.
- Ukuba asizazi ezona nkcukacha ziphambili zobuchwephesha kunye nokusebenza kwayo nayiphi na amazibuko onxibelelwano. Ngaphambi kokuthatha isigqibo malunga nokuthenga kwakho, kukhethwa ukuba ufune uncedo olukhethekileyo.