Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga nemisebenzi ye Gesternova eSpain sikunikeza kolu papasho isikhokelo esipheleleyo malunga neenkonzo zayo, ukuzibophelela kwayo kuMandla oMhlaza kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kweCo2, kunye nothotho lweengcamango ezinxulumeneyo.
Yintoni iGesterova?
Gesternova yinkampani yamandla yaseSpain esekwe kwi-2005 ukubonelela nge-100% yeebhili zombane ohlaziyekayo kumakhaya kunye namashishini. Ngoku, ngaphezu kwe-23.000 yabathengi ababhalisele enye yamatyala ombane. Funda apha amaxabiso, iimeko kunye izimvo zabathengi bakho
Iqela leGesternova Energía yintlangano ezimeleyo engekho kuyo nayiphi na i-conglomerate yamandla, ngaphandle kweCeuta kunye neMelilla, ithengisa umbane kulo lonke elaseSpain. I-Gesternova isebenza kwimarike yombane yasimahla kwaye ibonelela ngamazinga okukhanya okugxininiswe kusetyenziso lwasekhaya kunye norhwebo. Abathengisi bombane nabo banoxanduva lokumela imarike kubavelisi bamandla ahlaziyekayo angaphezu kwama-9.000.
Idatha esisiseko
- I-CIF: A84337849
- Idilesi Yeposi: Paseo de la Castellana, 259, C. I-Crystal Tower, ngo-28046, eMadrid.
- Ifowuni de Gesternova: 900 373 105
Iirhafu
I-Gesternova inikezela ngamaxabiso ombane ahlukeneyo kwizindlu okanye iinkampani ezithengiswayo. Phakathi kwezi ntlawulo, sinokufumana intlawulo efanelekileyo, ukuze ungabi naxhala malunga neerhafu ezithatha ixesha kunye nexesha lokucalula, kuba ixabiso lombane emini liphezulu kunexabiso lombane ebusuku. I-Gesternova ayikathengisi amazinga egesi yendalo.
Ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkonzo, onke amaxabiso asekhaya aseGesternova ahlala efana unyaka omnye. Inkampani iya kuqhagamshelana nawe ekupheleni konyaka ngamnye ukuze ikwazise ngotshintsho lwamaxabiso olunokwenzeka kumaxabiso abo.
Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba akukho mda wexesha kwinkampani, ngoko unokutshintsha abathengisi nangaliphi na ixesha ngaphandle kokuhlawula okongeziweyo. KwiiBalearic kunye neCanary Islands, amaxabiso ombane weGesternova atshintshile kancinci.
- Uluhlu lweerhafu / iXesha laMandla / iXesha lokuSebenza
- Nditshintsha 0.1152 € / kW usuku 0.1175 € / kWh
- Ubusuku nemini €0.1152/kW imini Incopho: €0.1490/kWh
- Intlambo: €0.0703/kWh
- I-Indexed € 0.1152/kW ngosuku ixabiso leMarike
Amaxabiso oShishino
- Uluhlu lweerhafu / iXesha laMandla / iXesha lokuSebenza
- MeCambio PLUS 0.1218 €/kW usuku 0.1300 €/kWh
- Ubusuku nemini PLUS €0.1218/kW Usuku oluyincopho: €0.1625/kWh
- Intlambo: €0.085/kWh
- I-Indexed PLUS 0.1218 €/kW usuku lwexabiso leMarike
- Ixabiso lokonga 3.0 Incopho: €0.1184/kW usuku Incopho: €0.1142/kWh
- I-Valley: € 0.074 / kW ngosuku lwe-Valley: € 0.0988 / kWh
- Intlambo: €0.051/kW usuku Supervalley: €0.0748/kWh
- I-Indexed 3.0 Peak: €0.1116/kW ngosuku ixabiso leMarike
- Intlambo: €0.0669/kW ngosuku
- Intlambo: €0.0446/kW ngosuku
- Amaxabiso ngaphandle kweVAT afakiweyo.
Amaxabiso eZithuthi zoMbane
- Ixabiso leXesha leXesha lokuSetyenziswa kwamandla
- SuperValle 2.0DHS 0.1152 €/kW usuku Incopho: 0.1527 €/kWh
- Intlambo: €0.0859/kWh
- Intlambo enkulu: €0.0729/kWh
- ISuperValle Plus 2.1 DHS 0.1218 €/kW usuku Incopho: 0.1652 €/kWh
- Intlambo: €0.0988/kWh
- Intlambo enkulu: €0.0765/kWh
Iinombolo zefowuni zeGesternova
- Umnxeba / umnxeba
- Abaqeshwa abatsha 91 076 66 35
- Inkonzo yabaThengi 900 373 105 / 91 357 52 64
- I-imeyile yenkonzo yabathengi comercial@gesternova.com / info@gesternova.com
- I-imeyile yabathengi comercial@gesternova.com
- Cinezela 91 357 52 64
- Cinezela i-imeyile comunicacion@gesternova.com
Ukususwa kweCarbon Dioxide
Ukususwa okanye ukuNcitshiswa kweCarbon Dioxide okanye ukuNcitshiswa (CDR), ekwabizwa ngokuba kukususwa kwegesi eluhlaza, yinkqubo apho igesi yecarbon dioxide (CO2) ikhutshwa kwiatmosfera ize ihlulwe ixesha elide.
Kwimeko ekujoliswe kuyo ekukhutshweni kwerhasi eluhlaza, i-DRC iya idityaniswa ngakumbi kumgaqo-nkqubo wemozulu Iindlela zase-DRC zikwaziwa njengobuchwephesha bokukhupha izinto ezingalunganga njengoko zisombulula ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse kwimisebenzi efana nokutshiswa kwamafutha efosili.
Iindlela ezizezinye
Iindlela ze-CDW ziquka ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, izenzo zezolimo ezithatha i-carbon kwimihlaba, i-bioenergy ne-carbon capture kunye nokugcinwa, ukuchumisa kolwandle, ukunyusa imozulu, kunye nokubanjwa ngokuthe ngqo emoyeni xa kudibaniswa nokugcinwa. Ukuvavanya ukuba ingaba intsalela ekhutshwayo engakhiyo iphunyeziweyo ngenkqubo ethile, uhlalutyo olubanzi lomjikelo wobomi benkqubo kufuneka lwenziwe.
Kungenjalo, eminye imithombo isebenzisa igama elithi "carbon dioxide ukususwa" ukubhekisela kuyo nayiphi na iteknoloji esusa ikharbon diokside, ezifana nokubanjwa ngqo emoyeni, kodwa inokusetyenziswa ngendlela eyandisa kunokuba kuncitshiswe ukukhutshwa kwexesha. inkqubo umjikelo wobomi.
Uhlalutyo lwe-IPCC lweendlela zokunciphisa ukuguquka kwemozulu ezihambelana nokunciphisa ubushushu behlabathi ukuya kwi-1,5 °C lugqibe ekubeni zonke iindlela ezivavanyiweyo ziquka ukusetyenziswa kwe-CDW ukuphelisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo.
Ingxelo yokuvumelana kwe-2019 ye-NASEM yagqiba ukuba, ukusebenzisa iindlela ezikhoyo ze-CDW kwizikali ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ngokukhuselekileyo kunye noqoqosho, kukho ukukwazi ukususa kunye nokuhlutha ukuya kwi-10 gigatonnes ye-carbon dioxide ngonyaka, ukuphelisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse kwisiqingatha sesihlanu. umlinganiselo eziveliswa ngawo.
Iingqikethi ezisebenzisa isigama esifanayo
I-CDW inokubhidaniswa nekhabhoni yokubamba kunye nokugcinwa (CCS), inkqubo apho i-carbon dioxide iqokelelwa kwiindawo zeendawo, ezifana nezityalo zamandla eziqhunyiswa ngegesi, i-stacks yazo ikhupha i-CO2 kumlambo ogxininisiweyo. Xa isetyenziselwa i-sequester carbon ukusuka kwi-gas-fired power plant, i-CCS inciphisa ukukhutshwa kokusetyenziswa okuqhubekayo komthombo wenqaku, kodwa ayinciphisi inani le-carbon dioxide esele ikhona emoyeni.
Ukubanakho ukuthomalalisa utshintsho lwemozulu
Ukusebenzisa i-CDR ngokuhambelana nezinye iinzame zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse, efana nokuthunyelwa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo, kunokwenzeka ukuba kungabizi kakhulu kwaye kuphazamise kunokusebenzisa ezinye iinzame zodwa.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AlSj_yarCfU
Ingxelo yophando lwe-2019 yesivumelwano se-NASEM yavavanya amandla azo zonke iintlobo ze-CDW ngaphandle kokuchumisa kolwandle ezinokukhuselwa ngokukhuselekileyo nangoqoqosho kusetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe bangoku, kuqikelelwa ukuba zinokususa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10 gigatonnes ye-CO2 ngonyaka, ukuba iphunyezwe ngokupheleleyo kwihlabathi liphela, ukubalwa kwisihlanu se-50 gigatonnes ye-CO2 ekhutshwa ngonyaka kwimisebenzi yabantu.
Kuhlalutyo lwe-IPCC lwe-2018 lweendlela zokunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu, zonke iindlela zokunciphisa zihlalutywe ezinokuthi zithintele ngaphezu kwe-1,5 ° C yokufudumala zibandakanya imilinganiselo ye-CDW.
Iindlela zokunciphisa
Ezinye iindlela zokunciphisa zicebisa ukufikelela kumazinga aphezulu e-CDW ngokusasazwa ngobuninzi kobuchwepheshe, nangona kunjalo ezi ndlela zithetha ukuba amakhulu ezigidi zeehektare zomhlaba wokufama ziguqulelwa kwizityalo ze-biofuel.
Uphando olongezelelweyo kwiindawo zokubanjwa komoya ngokuthe ngqo, ukuthinjwa kwe-geological carbon dioxide, kunye ne-carbon mineralization inokubanakho ukuvelisa ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe okwenza amazinga aphezulu e-CDW asebenze kwezoqoqosho.
Ingxelo ye-IPCC ye-2018 yathi ukuthembela kumthamo omkhulu we-CDW kuya kuba "ngumngcipheko omkhulu" ekufezekiseni injongo engaphantsi kwe-1,5 ° C yokufudumala, kunikwe ukungaqiniseki malunga nokuba inokufumaneka ngokukhawuleza kangakanani.
Amaqhinga okunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu oluxhomekeke kancinci kwi-CDW nangaphezulu kusetyenziso lwamandla oluzinzileyo luthwala kancinci lo mngcipheko. Ithuba lokusasazwa kwe-RCD kwixesha elizayo lichazwe njengengozi yokuziphatha, njengoko kunokukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwexesha elifutshane kwimigudu yokunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu.
Ukususwa kweKhabhoni
Ukuthinjwa kwekhabhon okanye ukususwa kwekharbhon dayoksayidi (CDR) kukususwa, ukubanjwa, okanye ukuthinjwa kwekharbhon diokside kwiatmosfera ukucotha okanye ukubuyisela umva ungcoliseko lomoya weCO2 kunye nokunciphisa okanye ukubuyisela umva ubushushu behlabathi.
Ikharbhon dayoksayidi (CO2) itsalwa ngokwendalo emoyeni ngebhayoloji, iikhemikhali kunye neenkqubo zomzimba. Olu tshintsho lunokukhawuleziswa ngotshintsho kwindlela yokusetyenziswa komhlaba kunye neendlela zokulima, ezifana nokuguqulwa komhlaba wezityalo kunye namadlelo eenkomo zibe ngumhlaba wezityalo ezingalinywayo ezikhula ngokukhawuleza.
Iinkqubo
Iinkqubo ezenziweyo ziyilwe ukuvelisa iziphumo ezifanayo, kubandakanywa ukubanjwa okwenziweyo kunye nokuhluthwa kwe-CO2 eveliswa kwimizi-mveliso kusetyenziswa amanzi aphantsi komhlaba anetyuwa ephantsi komhlaba, amadama, amanzi olwandle, amasimi e-oyile yokuguga okanye ezinye iisinki zekhabhoni, i-bioenergy ne-carbon capture kunye nokugcinwa, i-biochar, ukuchumisa kolwandle, imozulu eyongeziweyo, kunye nokubanjwa ngqo emoyeni xa kudityaniswa nokugcinwa.
Isidingo esinokwenzeka se-RCD sibonakaliswe esidlangalaleni ngabantu abaninzi kunye nemibutho enxulumene nokutshintsha kwemozulu, kubandakanya intloko ye-IPCC uRajendra Pachauri, unobhala olawulayo we-UNFCCC uChristiana Figueres, kunye neWorld Watch Institute.
Amaziko aneenkqubo eziphambili ezijoliswe kwi-CDR abandakanya iZiko leLenfest laMandla azinzileyo kwiYunivesithi yaseColumbia yeZiko loMhlaba, kunye neZiko leSigqibo seMozulu, intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe esebenza kwiSebe lezobuNjineli kunye noMgaqo-nkqubo woLuntu kwiYunivesithi yaseCarnegie-Mellon.
Descripción
Ukuhluthwa kwekhabhoni yinkqubo yokubamba kunye nokugcinwa kwexesha elide kwi-atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) kwaye inokubhekisela ngokuthe ngqo: "Inkqubo yokukhupha i-carbon emoyeni kunye nokuyifaka kwi-reservoir" Xa iqhutywe ngamabomu, ingaba ebizwa ngokuba kukususwa kwekharbon diokside, eluhlobo oluthile lwe-geoengineering.
Ukuthathwa nokugcinwa kwekhabhon, apho ikharbon dayokhsayidi itsalwa kwiigesi zombhobhozo (umz. kwizixhobo zombane) phambi kokuba zigcinwe kumadama angaphantsi komhlaba.
Ibhayisekile yendalo ye-biogeochemical ye-carbon phakathi kwe-atmosfera kunye namadama, umzekelo ngokusebenzisa imozulu yemozulu yamatye. Ikhabhon dayoksayidi inokubanjwa njengemveliso esulungekileyo kwiinkqubo ezinxulumene nokucocwa kwe-oyile okanye kwiigesi eziphuma kumbane eziphuma kumbane.
Imiba ebalulekileyo
Ukuhluthwa kwekhabhoni kuchaza ukugcinwa kwexesha elide kwekharbhon dayokhsayidi okanye ezinye iintlobo zekharbhon ukunciphisa okanye ukulibazisa ubushushu behlabathi kunye nokuthintela utshintsho oluyingozi lwemozulu. Kuye kwacetywa njengendlela yokuthintela ukwakhiwa kwe-atmospheric kunye ne-marine ye-greenhouse gases, ekhutshwa ngokutshiswa kwamafutha e-fossil kunye, kwinqanaba elikhulu, ngemveliso yemfuyo yemizi-mveliso.
Ikharbhon dayoksayidi itsalwa ngokwendalo emoyeni ngebhayoloji, iikhemikhali okanye iinkqubo zenyama. Ezinye iindlela zokuthinjwa ngokwenziwa zithatha ithuba kwezi nkqubo zendalo, ngelixa ezinye zisebenzisa iinkqubo ezenziweyo ngokupheleleyo.
Iifom ze3
Kukho iindlela ezintathu zokuphumeza oku kuthinjwa: ukubamba i-post-combustion, i-pre-combustion capture, kunye ne-oxy-firing. Uluhlu olubanzi lweendlela zokwahlula ziyasetyenziswa, njengokuhlukana kwesigaba segesi, ukufunxwa kulwelo kunye ne-adsorption kwindawo eqinileyo, kunye neenkqubo ezixubileyo, ezifana ne-adsorption/membrane systems.
Ezi nkqubo zithatha ngokuyimfuneko ikhabhoni ekhutshwa zizityalo zamandla esizukulwana esitsha, imizi-mveliso, imizi-mveliso etshisa amafutha, kunye neendawo zokuvelisa imfuyo njengoko zitshintshela kubuchule bokubuyisela ulimo, leyo imibutho ibhenela kubo xa ifuna ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwimisebenzi yayo.
iinkqubo zebhayoloji
Ukuhluthwa kwezinto eziphilayo
Ukuhluthwa kwezinto eziphilayo kukuthathwa kunye nokugcinwa kwerhasi ye-atmospheric greenhouse, i-carbon dioxide, ngeenkqubo eziqhubekayo okanye eziphuculweyo zebhayoloji. Olu hlobo lokuhluthwa kwekhabhoni lwenzeka ngokunyuka kwamazinga e-photosynthesis ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokusetyenziswa komhlaba ezifana nokuhlaziywa kwamahlathi, ulawulo lwamahlathi oluzinzileyo, kunye nobunjineli bemfuzo.
Ukuthinjwa kwekhabhoni ngeenkqubo zebhayoloji kuchaphazela umjikelo wekhabhoni yehlabathi. Eminye imizekelo kukuguquguquka okukhulu kwemozulu, okufana nesiganeko saseAzolla, esidale imozulu yangoku ye-arctic. Ezo nkqubo zadala amafutha efosili kunye neeclathrates nelimestone. Ngokulawula ezi nkqubo, iinjineli zejiyojini zijolise ekuphuculeni ukuthinjwa.
i-peat bogs
I-Peatlands isebenza njengezinki zekhabhoni ngenxa yokuqokelelana kwe-biomass ebolile kancinane ebinokuthi ngenye indlela iqhubeke ukubola ngokupheleleyo. Kukho ukuguquguquka kwindlela apho ama-peatlands asebenza njenge-carbon sink okanye umthombo onokuthi unxulumene nokwahluka kwemozulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi kunye namaxesha ahlukeneyo onyaka.
Ngokudala ama-peatlands amatsha, okanye ukunyusa asele ekho, isixa sekhabhoni esithathwa ngamaplanga sinokunyuka.
Amahlathi
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kukusekwa kwehlathi kwindawo apho bekungekho mithi ngaphambili. Ukutyala ngokutsha amahlathi kukutyalwa ngokutsha kwemithi kumhlaba wezityalo kunye namadlelo asecaleni ukuze kufakwe ikhabhoni esuka kwiCO2 kwi biomass. Ukuze le nkqubo yokuhluthwa kwekhabhoni ibe yimpumelelo, ikhabhoni akufunekanga ibuyiselwe emoyeni ngokutshiswa okukhulu okanye ukubola xa imithi isifa.
Ukwenza oku, umhlaba owabelwe imithi akufuneki uguqulelwe kwezinye izinto kunye nolawulo lophazamiso rhoqo ukuthintela iziganeko ezigqithisileyo. Enye into enokwenzeka kukuba imithi yemithi iyahluzwa, umzekelo ngokusebenzisa i-biochar, i-bioenergy carbon storage (BECS), iindawo zokulahla inkunkuma, okanye 'zigcinwe' ngokusetyenziswa, umzekelo kulwakhiwo.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokungabikho kokukhula okungapheliyo, ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwamahlathi kunye nemithi ehlala ixesha elide (> iminyaka eyi-100) kuya kuhlutha ikhabhoni ixesha elide kwaye kuyikhulule ngokuthe ngcembe, ukunciphisa impembelelo yemozulu yekhabhoni ngekhulu lama-XNUMX.
Ezinye Iinkalo
Umhlaba unika indawo eyaneleyo yokutyala imithi eyongezelelweyo eyi-1,2 yetriliyoni. Ukuzityala kunye nokuzikhusela kuya kuphelisa malunga neminyaka eli-10 yokukhutshwa kwe-CO2 kunye nokuhlutha iitoni ze-205.000 yeebhiliyoni zekhabhoni.
Le ndlela yokusebenza ixhaswa liPhulo leMithi yeTriyoni. Ukubuyisela onke amahlathi ehlabathi awonakalisiwe kuya kuhlutha malunga ne-205.000 yeebhiliyoni zeetoni zekhabhoni iyonke (malunga ne-2/3 yazo zonke izinto ezikhutshwayo zekhabhoni).
Kwinqaku elipapashwe kwijenali yeNdalo Uzinzo, abaphandi bafunda umphumo womnatha wokuqhubeka nokwakha ngokwezenzo zangoku ngokuchasene nokwandisa inani lemveliso yeenkuni kwaye bagqiba ekubeni ukuba ukwakhiwa olutsha kusetyenziswa i-30% yeemveliso zokhuni kule minyaka engama-90 ezayo yokhuni. I-700 yezigidi zeetoni zekhabhoni ziya kuthinjwa. Oku kulingana nokukhutshwa kwehlabathi malunga neentsuku ezisi-7 ngo-2019.
amahlathi asezidolophini
Amahlathi asezidolophini anyusa ubungakanani bekhabhoni ehluthwe ezidolophini ngokongeza iindawo ezintsha zemithi, kwaye ukuhluthwa kwekhabhoni kwenzeka kubo bonke ubomi bomthi. Ngokuqhelekileyo iyenziwa kwaye igcinwe kwimilinganiselo emincinci, njengasezidolophini.
Iziphumo zamahlathi asezidolophini zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwezityalo ezisetyenzisiweyo, ngoko ke inokusebenza njengendawo yokuntywila kodwa iphinde ibe ngumthombo wokukhupha izinto ezikhutshwayo Ngokuhamba nokuhluthwa ngezityalo, okunzima ukukulinganisa kodwa kubonakala ngathi kunempembelelo encinci kwitotali. ubungakanani bekharbon diokside ebanjiweyo, izityalo zinokuba neziphumo ezingathanga ngqo kwikhabhoni ngokunciphisa imfuno yokusetyenziswa kwamandla.
ukubuyiselwa komhlaba omanzi
Umhlaba omanzi ngumthombo obalulekileyo wekhabhoni; I-14,5% yekhabhoni yomhlaba wehlabathi ifumaneka kwimigxobhozo, ngelixa i-6% kuphela yomhlaba wehlabathi wenziwe yimigxobhozo.
ZoLimo
Xa kuthelekiswa nohlaza lwendalo, imihlaba yasezifama iphelelwa kumhlaba we-organic carbon (SOC). Xa umhlaba uguqulwa ube ngumhlaba wendalo okanye wendalo, njengamahlathi, ihlathi, ingca, i-steppes kunye ne-savannahs, umxholo we-SOC emhlabeni uyancipha ngama-30-40%. Le lahleko ibangelwa ukususwa kwezinto zezityalo ezinekhabhoni, ngokwezityalo.
Xa ukusetyenziswa komhlaba kutshintsha, ikhabhoni yomhlaba iyanda okanye iyancipha, kwaye olu tshintsho luyaqhubeka de umhlaba ufikelele kwi-equilibrium entsha. Ukuphambuka kolu lungelelwaniso nako kunokuchatshazelwa kukuguquguquka kwemozulu.
Ukuncipha komxholo we-SOC kunokuchaswa ngokunyusa igalelo lekhabhoni, elinokwenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, umzekelo ukushiya iintsalela zezityalo entsimini, ukusebenzisa umgquba njengesichumiso okanye kuquka izityalo ezihlala ixesha elide kujikelezo. Izityalo ezingapheliyo zineqhezu eliphezulu le-biomass ngaphantsi komhlaba, nto leyo enyusa umxholo we-SOC.
impembelelo jikelele
Kwihlabathi jikelele, kuqikelelwa ukuba imihlaba iqulethe ngaphezu kwe-8.580 gigatonnes ye-organic carbon, malunga nokuphindaphinda kalishumi isixa esisemoyeni kunye nangaphezulu kunohlaza.
Ukulungiswa kweendlela zolimo yindlela eyaziwayo yokuthinjwa kwekharbhon, njengoko umhlaba unokusebenza njengesiseko sekharbhon esisebenzayo esifikelela kuma-20% okukhutshwa kwekharbon dayokhsayidi ngonyaka ka-2010.
Ukubuyiselwa kolimo oluphilayo kunye nemisundululu kunokuphelisa ngokupheleleyo ikhabhoni engaphezulu konyaka ye-4 Gt ngonyaka kwaye kunciphise ubuninzi obushiyekileyo be-atmospheric.
Iindlela
Iindlela zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwezolimo zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amabini: ukunciphisa kunye / okanye ukukhupha ukukhutshwa kunye nokuphucula ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni. Ezinye zezi nciphiso zibandakanya ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwemisebenzi yokulima (umzekelo, izixhobo ezonga amafutha amaninzi), ngelixa ezinye zibandakanya ukuphazamiseka kumjikelo wekhabhoni yendalo.
Ukongeza, ezinye iindlela ezisebenzayo (ezifana nokupheliswa kokutsha kweendiza) zinokuba nefuthe elibi kweminye imiba yokusingqongileyo (ukusetyenziswa okwandisiweyo kwemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula ukuze kutshatyalaliswe ukhula olungatshatyalaliswayo ngokutshiswa).
Ezinye iindlela
Ikhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ibhekisa kwikharbon diokside esuswe kwi-atmosfera yi-ecosystems yolwandle lwehlabathi, ikakhulu i-algae, imangroves, imarsh yetyuwa, ingca yolwandle, kunye ne-macroalgae, ngokukhula kwezityalo kunye nokuqokelela kunye nokungcwatywa kwezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni.
Ngokwembali, ulwandle, iatmosfera, umhlaba, kunye ne-ecosystems yamahlathi asemhlabeni ibe zezona zinki zendalo zekhabhoni (C). "Ikhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka" ichaza ikhabhoni ezinzileyo kwi-ecosystem enkulu yolwandle, endaweni yendalo ehlala emhlabeni efana namahlathi. Iilwandle zigubungela i-70% yeplanethi, ngoko ke ukubuyisela i-ecosystem yolwandle kuneyona ndlela inkulu yophuhliso lwekhabhoni eluhlaza.
IMangrove, imigxobhozo yetyuwa, kunye nengca yolwandle zenza uninzi lweendawo zokuhlala ezinezityalo elwandle, kodwa zithatha kuphela i-0,05% yezityalo ezisemhlabeni.
Uhlalutyo
Ngaphandle konyawo lwabo oluncinci, banokugcina inani elilinganayo lekhabhoni ngonyaka kwaye basebenza kakuhle kakhulu kwiisinki zekhabhoni. Ingca yolwandle, iimangrove, kunye nemigxobhozo yetyuwa inokubamba ikharbon diokside (CO2) kwi-atmosfera ngokuhlutha u-C kwintlenga engaphantsi komhlaba nangaphantsi komhlaba, kunye ne-biomass efileyo.
Kwi-biomass yezityalo, njengamagqabi, iziqu, amasebe okanye iingcambu, ikhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka inokubekwa iminyaka okanye amashumi eminyaka, kunye namawakawaka okanye izigidi zeminyaka kwintlenga yezityalo. Uqikelelo lwangoku lwexesha elide lokungcwatywa kwe-C kwikhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka luyahlukahluka, kwaye uphando luyaqhubeka.
Nangona indalo yaselunxwemeni enezityalo enezityalo ikhusela umhlaba omncinane kwaye inebhayomass engaphantsi komhlaba kunezityalo ezisemhlabeni, inamandla okuba nefuthe lokuthinjwa kwexesha elide, ngakumbi kwiindawo zokuntywila zentlenga.
Ukuxhalaba
Enye yezona zinto zixhalabisayo malunga nekhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kukuba izinga lokulahleka kwezi zinto zibalulekileyo zaselwandle liphezulu kakhulu kunayo nayiphi na enye inkqubo yendalo emhlabeni, xa ithelekiswa namahlathi ashinyeneyo.
Uqikelelo lwangoku lucebisa ilahleko ye-2-7% ngonyaka, ingeyiyo ilahleko ekuthathweni kwekhabhoni kuphela, kodwa nokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala ebalulekileyo kulawulo lwemozulu, ukukhuselwa konxweme kunye nempilo.
Gesternova: Amandla aluhlaza
Amandla aluhlaza lulo naluphi na uhlobo lwamandla avela kwimithombo yendalo, njengokukhanya kwelanga, umoya, okanye amanzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo ivela kwimithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo, nangona kukho ukungafani phakathi kwamandla ahlaziyekayo kunye namandla aluhlaza, esiza kuxoxa ngawo ngezantsi.
Undoqo kobu butyebi bamandla kukuba ayonakalisi indalo esingqongileyo ngenxa yezinto ezinjengokukhutshwa kweegesi zegreenhouse emoyeni.
Usebenza njani?
Njengomthombo wamandla, amandla aluhlaza adla ngokuvela kubuchwepheshe bamandla ahlaziyekayo njengamandla elanga, amandla omoya, amandla e-geothermal, i-biomass, kunye nombane wamanzi. Nganye kwezi teknoloji isebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, mhlawumbi ngokuthatha amandla elangeni, njengakwimeko yeepaneli zelanga, okanye ngokusebenzisa ii-injini zomoya okanye ukuhamba kwamanzi ukuvelisa amandla.
Ingaba ithetha ntoni?
Ukuze kugqalwe njengamandla aluhlaza, ubutyebi abukwazi ukuvelisa ungcoliseko, njengoko kunjalo ngamafutha efosili. Oku kuthetha ukuba asiyiyo yonke imithombo esetyenziswa lishishini lamandla ahlaziyekayo eluhlaza. Ngokomzekelo, ukuveliswa kwamandla okutshisa izinto eziphilayo ezivela kumahlathi azinzileyo kunokuvuselelwa, kodwa akuyimfuneko ukuba ibe luhlaza, ngenxa ye-CO2 eveliswe yinkqubo yokutsha ngokwayo.
Imithombo yamandla aluhlaza ihlala izaliswa ngokwendalo, ngokungafaniyo nemithombo yamafutha efosili njengerhasi yendalo okanye amalahle, anokuthatha izigidi zeminyaka ukuphuhla. Imithombo yohlaza ikwasoloko ikuphepha ukusebenza kwemigodi okanye ukugrumba okunokuba yingozi kwi-ikhosistim.
Iindidi zaMandla okuHlaza
Owona mthombo uphambili ngamandla omoya, amandla elanga, namandla ombane oqhutywa ngamanzi (kuquka namandla olwandle, asebenzisa amandla aphuma kumaza elwandle). Amandla elanga nawomoya anokuveliswa ngokomlinganiselo omncinci ezindlini okanye ngenye indlela anokuveliswa kumlinganiselo omkhulu wemizi-mveliso.
Iifom ezintandathu eziqhelekileyo zezi zilandelayo
1. Amandla elanga
Lo mthombo wamandla oluhlaza, ohlaziyekayo udla ngokuveliswa kusetyenziswa iiseli ze-photovoltaic ezibamba ukukhanya kwelanga kwaye ziguqule zibe ngumbane. Amandla elanga akwasetyenziselwa ukufudumeza izakhiwo kunye namanzi ashushu, kunye nokupheka nokukhanyisa. Namhlanje, amandla elanga afikelelekayo ngokwaneleyo ukuba angasetyenziselwa iinjongo zasekhaya, kubandakanywa izitiya zokukhanyisa, kodwa zikwasetyenziswa kumlinganiselo omkhulu ukunika amandla ubumelwane bonke.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rQ-3hSdJI-0
2. Amandla omoya
Ngokukodwa ngokufanelekileyo kwiindawo ezingaselunxwemeni nakwiindawo eziphakamileyo, amandla omoya asebenzisa amandla okuhamba komoya kwihlabathi lonke ukuqhubela iiinjini zomoya ezithi emva koko zivelise umbane.
3. Amandla e-hydraulic
Ikwaziwa njengamandla ombane, olu hlobo lwamandla ohlaza lusebenzisa ukuhamba kwamanzi emilanjeni, emilanjeni, emadamini, okanye naphina kwenye indawo ukuvelisa amandla. Amandla ombane osebenza ngamanzi anokusebenza nakwinqanaba elincinane esebenzisa ukuhamba kwamanzi kwimibhobho esendlwini okanye anokuvela kukumka kwamanzi, imvula okanye amaza elwandle.
Iqondo "leecology" kwezi ntlobo zintathu zilandelayo zamandla ohlaza zixhomekeke kwindlela ezidalwe ngayo...
4. Amandla e-geothermal
Olu hlobo lwamandla aluhlaza lusebenzisa amandla ashushu agcinwe phantsi koqweqwe lomhlaba. Nangona ukufikelela kobu butyebi kufuna ukugrunjwa, nto leyo ebuza umbuzo ngempembelelo yokusingqongileyo, sisixhobo esikhulu xa sele sichongiwe. Amandla e-Geothermal sele esetyenziselwa ukuhlamba kwimithombo eshushu kangangamawaka eminyaka kwaye lo mthombo mnye unokusetyenziselwa ukujika umphunga ukujikisa iiinjini zomoya kunye nokuvelisa umbane.
Amandla agcinwe phantsi kwe-United States anele ukuvelisa umbane ophindwe ka-10 kunokuba amalahle anokuvelisa ngoku. Nangona ezinye iintlanga, ezifana ne-Iceland, zifikeleleka ngokulula kwimithombo ye-geothermal, sisixhobo esixhomekeke kwindawo ukuze kube lula ukusetyenziswa, kwaye ukuba neenkqubo zokomba "eziluhlaza" ngokupheleleyo kufuneka zibekwe esweni ngokusondeleyo.
5. Biomass
Lo vimba unokuhlaziyeka kwakhona kufuneka ulawulwe ngononophelo ukuze ubhalwe njengomthombo "wamandla ohlaza". Izityalo zamandla eBiomass zisebenzisa inkunkuma yamaplanga, i-sawdust kunye neentsalela zezolimo eziphilayo ezitshayo ukwenza amandla. Nangona ukutshiswa kwezi zinto kukhupha iigesi ze<em>greenhouse, oku kukhutshwa kwezinto kusengaphantsi kakhulu kunezo zamafutha epetroleum.
6. I-Biofuels
Esikhundleni sokutshisa i-biomass njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ezi zixhobo eziphilayo zinokuguqulwa zibe ngamafutha afana ne-ethanol kunye ne-biodiesel. Ibonelele nge-2,7% kuphela yamafutha ezithuthi zehlabathi ngo-2010, i-biofuels iqikelelwa ukuba inamandla okuhlangabezana ne-25% yemfuno yamafutha ezithuthi zehlabathi ngo-2050.
Ukubaluleka kwamandla oMhlaza
Amandla ohlaza abalulekile kwimo engqongileyo njengoko ethatha indawo yeziphumo ezibi zamafutha efosili ngolunye olunohlaza. Ethathwe kwimithombo yobutyebi bendalo, amandla ohlaza nawo ahlala ehlaziyeka kwaye acoceke, okuthetha ukuba akhupha iigesi ezincinci okanye azikhuphi kwaphela kwaye afumaneka lula.
Kwanaxa umjikelo wobomi opheleleyo womthombo wamandla ohlaza uthathelwa ingqalelo, akhupha iigesi zegreenhouse ezimbalwa kakhulu kuneefosili, kwakunye namanqanaba ambalwa okanye aphantsi ongcoliseko lomoya. Oku akulunganga kuphela kwiplanethi, kodwa kungcono nakwimpilo yabantu kunye nezilwanyana ekufuneka ziphefumle umoya.
Amandla ohlaza nawo anokukhokelela kumaxabiso ombane azinzileyo, njengoko le mithombo isoloko iveliswa ekuhlaleni kwaye ayichatshazelwanga ziingxaki zelizwe, ukonyuka kwamaxabiso, okanye ukuphazamiseka kobonelelo.
Iinzuzo zoqoqosho
Iinzuzo zoqoqosho zikwabandakanya ukudalwa kwemisebenzi ekwakhiweni kwamaziko, ahlala enceda uluntu apho abasebenzi baqeshwe khona. Amandla ahlaziyekayo abone ukudalwa kwemisebenzi ezizigidi ezili-11 kwihlabathi jikelele ngo-2018, kwaye eli nani limiselwe ukukhula njengoko sizama ukuhlangabezana neenjongo ezifana negridi zero.
Ngenxa yobume bendawo yokuveliswa kwamandla ngokusebenzisa imithombo efana nelanga nomoya, iziseko zamandla ziguquguquka ngakumbi kwaye zingaphantsi kokuxhomekeka kwimithombo ephakathi nendawo enokubangela ukuphazamiseka, kunye nokungakwazi ukumelana nokutshintsha kwemozulu ehambelana nemozulu.
Amandla aluhlaza nawo amele isisombululo esinexabiso eliphantsi kwiimfuno zamandla kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi. Oku kuya kubangcono kuphela njengoko iindleko ziqhubeka ziwa, ukwandisa ngakumbi ukufikeleleka kwamandla ohlaza, ngakumbi kwihlabathi elikhulayo.
Ukuba lo mbandela ube luncedo kuwe, siyakumema ukuba uqhagamshelane namanye amanqaku anolwazi olunxulumeneyo okanye olufanelekileyo:
Molo, Luz ISpain: I-100% yenkampani eluhlaza
goiener: Ukuveliswa kwamandla kunye nokuSetyenziswa
Agrienergy: Umbane womnxeba kunye neeRhafu eSpain