Ngokwandiswa kwe-Intanethi, amagama amatsha avele, ngakumbi ahambelana nomhlaba wobunzululwazi bekhompyuter. Omnye wabo iinethiwekhi zekhompyuter, ezinobukho obukhulu kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla kunokuba sicinga.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba awunalo nofifi lokuba zeziphi ezi, ungakhathazeki, emva koko siza kukuxelela yonke into ekufuneka uyazi ngayo.
Yintoni iinethiwekhi zekhompyuter?
Ukuqala ngenqaku, kubalulekile ukuba uyazi ukuba yintoni iinethiwekhi zekhompyuter. Ezi zinokuchazwa njengazo zonke ezo intanethi ezivumela ukunxibelelana kolwazi kunye neqela leenkqubo zekhompyutheni ezidityaniswe omnye komnye, kwaye kungenxa yazo zonke ezi ukuba kunokwenzeka ukwabelana ngolwazi kwiipakethi zedatha ezithunyelwa ngeendlela. yezandi zombane ezincinci.
Yikholwe okanye ungakholelwa, iinethiwekhi ezingenazingcingo zinezinto ezifanayo ekufuneka zenziwe njengezinye iindlela zonxibelelwano esizaziyo, kuba zinesidlulisi, isamkeli kunye nomyalezo. Nangona kunjalo, umahluko ophambili kukuba abo banoxanduva lokuthumela kunye nokufumana le miyalezo ziinkqubo zekhompyuter.
Namhlanje, kwaye kweli hlabathi ligcwele iikhompyuter, uthungelwano lweekhompyuter lukuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi bethu, ngakumbi ezo zinxulumene nolawulo lwezixhobo.
Inkcukacha enomdla kukuba, ukuba uyayibona ngokuchanekileyo, singatsho ukuba i-Intanethi iphela esingena kuyo ngezixhobo zethu yinethiwekhi enkulu yekhompyuter kwihlabathi liphela. Lonke olu nxibelelwano phakathi kweekhompyuter lwenziwa Iimodeli zeTCP / IP.
Yonke le nto sikuxelele yona sisiqwenga somkhenkce, kuba zininzi iintlobo zonxibelelwano lwekhompyuter ukuze uyazi, ukuze ube nombono ocacileyo kwaye uchanekile ngakumbi wayo yonke into equka oku.
Iindidi zenethiwekhi zekhompyuter
Ukuhlela iinethiwekhi zekhompyuter zibe ziindidi, kufuneka sikwenze oko ngokobungakanani bazo kunye netekhnoloji. Into esifanele siyazi kukuba ngendlela elula, siza kukuxelela ngayo ngezantsi.
Los iintlobo zonxibelelwano lwekhompyuter, Siza kubazi bahlelwe ngokobungakanani babo.
Iinethiwekhi zeLAN
Ikwabizwa ngokuba yiNethwekhi yeNgingqi yeNgingqi okanye iNethwekhi yeNgingqi yeNgingqi, isethi yamanethiwekhi, amancinci, kwaye akhona kwiindawo ezincinci, ezifana nesebe, i-cyber café, phakathi kwabanye.
Inethiwekhi ye-LAN, njengoko igama layo lisitsho, unxibelelwano lwendawo leyo, oko kukuthi, kwinqanaba elincinci.
IINethiwekhi zonxibelelwano
Zisifinyezo seNethiwekhi yeNgingqi yeMetropolitan, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiNethiwekhi yeNgingqi yeNqila. Usenokungabazi, kodwa ligama elinikwe ezo nethiwekhi zinobungakanani zinokuthathwa njengeziphakathi. Sinokuthatha njengomzekelo abo bakhoyo kwiilayibrari ezinkulu okanye iikhampasi zaseyunivesithi, kwezinye iinkampani naphakathi kweminye imizekelo.
Iinethiwekhi zeWAN
Isicatshulwa sayo sivela kwiNethiwekhi yeNgingqi ebanzi, iguqulelwe ukusuka kwisiNgesi ukuya kwiNethiwekhi yeNgingqi ebanzi, ebhekisa kwabo banokufikelela ngakumbi, njenge-Intanethi.
Owona mzekelo ulula malunga nale yokugqibela uhlobo lothungelwano, I-WAN, yi-Intanethi, njengoko ibonisa iiseti zenethiwekhi zekhompyuter kwinqanaba lehlabathi, apho umhlaba wonke uqhagamshelene.
Emva koko, sinakho ukuba iinethiwekhi zekhompyuter zinokuhlelwa ngokuxhomekeke kubuchwephesha apho iikhomputha zixhunyiwe khona.
Inethiwekhi yemidiya ekhokelwayo
Olu luhlobo lwenethiwekhi apho iikhompyuter zidityaniswe khona ngeseti yeentambo ezibonakalayo, ezinje ngefayibha yokukhanya, isibini esigoso, phakathi kwabanye. Enye yezona zinto zinqunyelwe kubungakanani, nazo.
Unxibelelwano lweendaba olungasasazekiyo
Ngokungafaniyo nohlobo lwangaphambili, apho iintambo kunye neenkqubo zomzimba bezisetyenziselwa ukufezekisa unxibelelwano, sinokuthi kule meko iikhompyuter zidityaniswe ngeendlela ezisasazeke kakhulu kwaye zinoluhlu olukhulu, ezinje ngee-microwaves, infrared kunye namaza erediyo.
Ezi zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zonxibelelwano lwekhompyuter, nangona ingezizo zodwa, njengoko zikhona ezinye ezibonakaliswa bubudlelwane bazo obusebenzayo, iintlobo zetopology yenethiwekhi, Idilesi yedatha, phakathi kwezinye izinto. Kodwa sigxile ekuxeleleni ezona zixhaphakileyo ukukufumana mihla le.
Ukuba ufuna ukulwenza nzulu olu lwazi, unokukhetha ukubhalisa kwi ikhosi yenethiwekhi, onokuthi usebenze kakuhle ekufundeni kwakho.
Kutheni sifuna iinethiwekhi zekhompyuter?
Iinethiwekhi zekhompyuter zinceda abasebenzisi benethiwekhi ukuba babelane ngezixhobo kunye nonxibelelwano. Ngaba unokulithelekelela ilizwe ngoku elingenazo ii-imeyile, amaphephandaba akwi-intanethi, iibhlog, ingxoxo kunye nezinye iinkonzo ezinikezelwa yi-Intanethi?
Oku kulandelayo kukusetyenziswa okubalulekileyo kunye nezibonelelo zenethiwekhi yekhompyuter:
- Yabelana ngeefayile: Ukunxibelelana kweekhompyuter kunceda abasebenzisi benethiwekhi babelane ngeefayile zedatha.
- Ukwabelana ngezixhobo zekhompyutha: Abasebenzisi banokwabelana ngezixhobo ezinje ngeeprinta, ii-scanner, ii-CD-ROM, ii-hard drive, njl. Ngaphandle kwenethiwekhi zekhompyuter, ukwabelana ngesixhobo akunakwenzeka.
- Yabelana ngezicelo: Izicelo zinokwabelwana ngenethiwekhi, kwaye oku kuvumela usetyenziso / umncedisi ukuba asetyenziswe.
- Unxibelelwano nomsebenzisi: Iinethiwekhi zivumela abasebenzisi ukuba banxibelelane besebenzisa i-imeyile, amaqela eendaba, kunye nengqungquthela yevidiyo, njl.
- Ukudlala kwenethiwekhi: Zininzi imidlalo zenethiwekhi ezikhoyo, ezivumela abasebenzisi abaninzi ukuba badlale kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.
- Ilizwi ngaphezulu kwe-IP (VoIP): I-Voice over Protocol ye-Intanethi (i-IP) lutshintsho olwenziwayo kuthungelwano lonxibelelwano oluvumela iminxeba (idatha yezwi) ukuba ithunyelwe kusetyenziswa iProtokholi ye-Intanethi esemgangathweni (IP) endaweni yePSTN yemveli.
Inkcazo yevidiyo yothungelwano lweekhompyuter
Izinto zenethiwekhi yekhompyuter
Ngokubanzi, iinethiwekhi zekhompyuter zinezinto esiza kuzikhankanya apha ngezantsi.
Iiseva
Banoxanduva lokuqhuba yonke inkqubo yokuhamba kwedatha, ngendlela efanayo naleyo bakhonza ngayo iikhompyuter kwinethiwekhi kwaye babeke kulawulo lwayo. Nangona kuthungelwano, iikhompyuter azisoloko zinolawulo olufanayo, kunokuthiwa iiseva ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yazo.
Abaxhasi okanye indawo yokusebenzela
Indawo yokusebenzela iguqulelwe njengendawo yokusebenzela, kwaye la ngamagama anikwe ezo khompyuter zingenzi njengeeseva, kodwa njengenxalenye yenethiwekhi yonke ngokwayo, ngaloo ndlela ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bafikelele kuyo.
Iindlela zokudlulisela
Eli ligama elinikwe ezo ndaba zosasazo zomzimba okanye ezingabonakaliyo ezisetyenziselwa ukufezekisa ukuhanjiswa kolwazi okuyimpumelelo. Eminye imizekelo ziintambo okanye amaza ombane.
Izinto zeHardware
Okwangoku, siyaqonda izinto zekhompyuter njengezo zinto zomzimba ezenza ukuba unxibelelwano lube nokwenzeka, ezinje ngee-chips ze-WiFi kwiikhompyuter, iimodem ze-Intanethi okanye ii-routers, ii-eriyali ezibuyisa unxibelelwano, phakathi kwabanye.
Ngamanye amagama, yiyo yonke loo nto iphakathi evumela unxibelelwano kwi-Intanethi okanye kwinethiwekhi.
Izinto zesoftware
Okokugqibela, ngokungafaniyo naleyo yangaphambili, sinezinto ezinxulumene neenkqubo zekhompyuter eziyimfuneko ukufezekisa unxibelelwano.
Owona mzekelo ubalulekileyo esinokuwukhankanya yile Inkqubo yokuSebenza yeNethiwekhi, linoxanduva lokugcina uqhagamshelo lwenethiwekhi, ukuxhasa i-antivirus, i-firewall kunye neeprotokholi ze-Intanethi, ezivumela iikhompyuter ukuba ziqondane.