Los Iindidi zememori zeRam Bavumela abasebenzisi ukuba bafumane ukusebenza okungcono ukuba kukhethwe umgangatho osemgangathweni, kukho iimodeli ezininzi ezivumela umsebenzisi ukuba ahluka. Ukufunda eli nqaku uyazi ngcono yonke into enxulumene nesi sihloko.
Iindidi zememori zeRam
Inkumbulo nganye efumaneka kwiikhompyuter ibizwa ngokuba yingqondo ephambili, ebavumela ukuba basebenze kwaye basebenzise zonke iinkqubo. Njengomsebenzisi wezixhobo zekhompyuter kuhlala kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwememori olunokuba luncedo kakhulu kwizixhobo zethu.
Iindidi ezininzi ze-RAM ziyafumaneka kwintengiso ezinokunceda ukuphucula amandla akho kunye nokusebenza kwekhompyuter. Ngokufanayo, ezi nkumbulo zifumaneka kwiifomathi ezincinci ezisetyenziselwa zona iinkqubo zokusebenza iinqwelo.
Ukwenza izixhobo zisebenze kuyimfuneko ukuba iqulethe imemori ye-RAM. Kodwa oko kuthetha ukuthini?
Umxholo
Inendlela yokufikelela ebonakalayo apho zonke izixhobo zekhompyuter kufuneka zikwazi ukwenza yonke imisebenzi eyabelweyo. Imemori ye-RAM yeyohlobo lokugcina olubizwa ngokungakhethiyo, xa yonakele okanye ixesha layo lobomi liphela, kufuneka ibuyiselwe okanye ilungiswe.
Zimbalwa iikhompyuter ezinememori ye-RAM ehlengahlengiswe ngokusisigxina, nangona kunjalo ithathwa njengesixhobo esisebenza ngokungahleliwe esivumela ukusebenza kweekhompyuter ngokubanzi. Umyalelo ngamnye owenziwa kwi-PC uqhutyelwa kwinkqubo yokusebenza kwimemori ye-RAM, ukuze yenze isenzo esabelweyo.
Inkqubo yokusebenza ibhulorho phakathi komsebenzisi kunye ne-RAM. Ngaphakathi kuyo kugcinwa zonke iinkqubo ezenziwayo okanye eziza kwenziwa ngaxesha lithile kumqhubekekisi. Imiyalelo ethunyelwe ngokuzenzekelayo ikhangela ukuba iphunyezwe, ibonisa kwimemori ye-RAM.
Igama layo ngesiNgesi yiMemori yokuFikelela ngokungaQhelekanga, kwaye inokubhalwa kwaye ifundwe nakweyiphi na indawo yayo yememori ngaphandle kokulandelelana kweziganeko okanye ukulandelelana. Iyaguquguquka kwaye iyatshabalala, Oko kukuthi, yonke imixholo yayo iyacinywa xa isixhobo sicinyiwe, siyishiya sisebenza kwakhona xa izixhobo zivuliwe kwakhona.
Uyakha njani i-RAM
Ulwakhiwo lweentlobo zememori ye-RAM lwenziwa ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-encapsulations, yinkqubo ende kwaye apho kusetyenziswa khona iteknoloji yee-microcircuits enika ubomi kwifomathi ngokubanzi yememori. Iphakheji nganye inohlobo lwefomathi eyabelwe iintlobo ze-RAM ukuze kufumaneke iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi.
I-encapsulations luhlobo lweziseko ezibizwa ngokuba yi-PBC, apho kufakwa khona iitshipsi ezincinci ngohlobo lweemodyuli zombane ezenza iinkumbulo ezahlukeneyo zokwamkela. Inonxibelelwano oluninzi olufakwe kwibhodi yomama, edla ngokuba sisixhobo esiluhlaza.
Ezi modyuli zincinci zezona zenza unxibelelwano kunye neprosesa isebenze kwaye zivumele ukusekwa kwemisebenzi ebayalelayo kwinkqubo yokusebenza. Iimodyuli bezikade zikhula iminyaka emininzi kwaye zikhule njengomsebenzi wophuhliso lobuchwephesha. Kodwa masibone ukuba zisebenza njani ezi zixhobo zincinci kwaye zenziwe ngantoni:
- Ii-RIMM ziimodyuli ezincinci ezinezikhonkwane ezingaphezulu kwe-184 kunye nebhasi ye-16-bit, ibhasi yimodyuli encinci ehambisa idatha kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zekhompyuter, yenziwe ngamacandelo anje ngeentambo, ii-resistors kunye nee-capacitors ezincinci.
- I-DIMM, yifomathi yecapsule esetyenziselwa kuphela iinkumbulo ze-DDR kwiinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo, ibhasi yedatha ziibhithi ezingama-64 kwaye inokuba nezikhonkwane ezifikelela kwi-18 ukuba zisetyenziselwa iinkumbulo ze-SDRAM, kunye nezikhonkwane ezili-184 zeenkumbulo ze-DDR, izikhonkwane ezingama-240 ze-DDR2 kunye ne-DDR3 Izikhonkwane ezingama-288 ze-DDR4.
- I-capsule ye-SO-DIMM, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ziiprosesa eziphathwayo, incinci kwaye icwecwe ngakumbi kunezinye iifomsile kunye nenani lezikhonkwane ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwenkumbulo, ukusukela kwizikhonkwane ezili-144 zememori ye-SDRAM ukuya kwizikhonkwane ezingama-260 ze-DDR4 RAM:
- I-SIMM, olu hlobo lwefomathi lwalusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizixhobo ezindala, kukho iimodyuli eziqukethe izikhonkwane eziphakathi kwama-30 nama-60 kwaye zisebenza ngebhasi yedatha ukusuka kuma-32 ukuya kuma-64 amasuntswana.
- Ifomathi encinci ye-DIMM inezikhonkwane ezifanayo nezo ze-SODIMM, kodwa umahluko wokuba zincinci. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa iikhompyuter ezincinci okanye iilaptops ezincinci.
Iinkumbulo ezahlukeneyo
Ikhompyuter nganye okanye izixhobo zokuqhubekekisa zigcina izinto ezahlukeneyo, ngenxa yemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo enokuthi isebenze kwinkqubo yayo yokusebenza. Kungoko kubalulekile ukuba neengxelo ezininzi ezihambelana nemodeli yeqela ngalinye. Ezinye zilungele izixhobo ezifanayo kwaye ezinye zenzelwe izixhobo ezithile.
Olu hlobo lwenkumbulo lukwasetyenziswa kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo zefowuni, umdlalo wevidiyo kunye nezinye izixhobo zasendlini. Bavumela ukubonelela ngokusebenza ngokukuko nangokufanelekileyo okuchaphazela ukomelela kwesixhobo
Okwangoku zimbini kuphela iintlobo ze-RAM, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zento nganye, kunokwenzeka ukuba ujonge ukusetyenziswa kwazo kuhlobo oluthile lwezixhobo. Nokuba yeyiphi na uphawu, ezi nkumbulo zenziwe ngobunzima ukuze zisasazwe kwizixhobo ezitsha okanye ukulungisa ezonakeleyo.
SRAM
Yaziwa sisigama sayo njenge "Static Random Access Memory" kwiSpanish Static Random Access Memory, luhlobo lweenkumbulo ezisebenzisa iisemiconductors kwaye zinako ukugcina idatha inganyanzelekanga. Akukho sidingo sokusebenzisa iisekethe zokupholisa.
Olu hlobo lwenkumbulo kufuneka lusoloko lufumana amandla ukunqanda iingxaki. Zibizwa ngokuba ziinkumbulo ze-NVRAM okanye yintoni efanayo neMemori yokuFikelela ngokungaQhelekanga okanye i-RAM engazinzanga. Kwaye iinkumbulo ze-MRAM kwii-initials zayo zeMagnetoresistive Random Access Memory okanye i-RAM yamagnetic. Zahlukile kwindlela ezihambisa kunye nokufumana ulwazi.
Uhlobo lweenkumbulo ezingahleliwe zisingathwa phantsi komxholo wokuba static; Ngamanye amagama, basebenza ngokukhawuleza kwaye bathembekile kunezinkumbulo zeDRAM. Kungenxa yokuba ityhileke ngokuthe ngqo kwaye inxulumene nokupholisa. Oku kuvumela ukuba bagcine ulwazi ixesha elide.
Zakhelwe ngokusekwe kwiiflip-flop uhlobo lweesekethe, ezibavumela ukuba bafumane ulwelo olunje ngoku ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuba nabaphi na abagqithisi bayeke. Basebenza ngokuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokuthintela ukuhamba kwamandla. Oku kunceda idatha ukuba igcinwe kwisekethe ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuhlaziya ukuze igcinwe apho.
Isiphene sabo kuphela kukuba bafuna ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngakumbi ukuqhubekeka idatha, kodwa kufanelekile njengoko bekhuselekile ngakumbi. Ngale ndlela idatha inokugcinwa kule sekethe ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuhlaziywa rhoqo. Ezi nkumbulo zifuna amandla angaphezulu, kodwa ziyakhawuleza, kodwa kuyabiza kakhulu ukuzenza. Zisetyenziselwa ukwakha i-cache yeprosesa.
DRAM
NgesiNgesi kuthiwa yiDynamic Random Access Memory eguqulela iMemori yeDynamic Random Access Memory. Itekhnoloji yayo isekwe kusetyenziso lwee-capacitors ezahlukeneyo. Oku kuphulukana nentlawulo kancinane kancinci kwaye kufuna ukupholisa kwesinye isekethe; ebavumela ukuba baphonononge imeko kwaye bazalise iirhafu.
Zasekwa nge-60s kwaye lolona hlobo lusetyenziswayo lwe-RAM namhlanje. Ivumela ukwenza iimodyuli ezinobungakanani obukhulu kakhulu bexinano. Oku kunceda ukubeka idatha ngokukhawuleza. Kukho iindidi ezininzi ezibizwa ngokuba zii-synchronous ABRAMs, ezinentsingiselo yazo esiNgesini, iMemori yokuFikelela ngokungaQhelekanga kunye ne-asynchronous DRAMs ebizwa ngokuba yiSynchronous Dynamic ngesiNgesi.
Zenziwe ngee-silicon semiconductors, zinamacandelo afana nee-capacitors kunye nee-transistors. Bavumela idatha ukuba igcinwe ngaphakathi kwiseli yememori eyondliwayo ngokusebenzisa i-capacitor. Oku kwenziwa ngamakhulu amaxesha ukuze idatha igcinwe, umxholo wayo uyasuswa xa iprosesa icinyiwe.
Ekuqaleni babebizwa ngokuba yi-asynchronous kuba kwakungekho nto iya kulungelelanisa ukuhamba kwezixhobo kunye nenkumbulo. Kancinci kancinci, iifowuni ezihambelanayo zenziwe ukuba isixhobo siqulathe ukubavumela ukuba bakwazi ukungqamanisa idatha kunye neprosesa. Ukwenza iinkqubo zokusebenza zikhawuleze kwaye zikhuseleke.
Inenzuzo yokuba zitshiphu kwaye zilula kakhulu, zakhiwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye azikho nzima kangako. Ukungancedi kwabo kukuba bayacotha kancinci, kodwa uqoqosho kunye nokusebenza kwabo kubavumela ukuba babekwe kwindawo yentengiso.
Ezi nkumbulo zakhiwe kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuziqhelanisa neeprosesa ezikhoyo kwintengiso. Abaphuhlisi bezi nkumbulo bajonge kububanzi obunokufumana indlela yokunciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa zeekhompyuter.
I-FPM-RAM
Ifunda imowudi ekhawulezayo ye-RAM, zazisetyenziswa kwiikhompyuter zokuqala ze-Intel Pentium. Baye bakwazi ukuthumela ulwazi olunye endaweni yokufumana iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeedilesi ngaxeshanye. Uncedo yayikukuba impendulo yayimpofu kakhulu, ithintela ukuthunyelwa kunye nokufumana ulwazi kunye needilesi ezizezinye.
Imemori ye-EDO-RAM
Ebizwa nge-English Extended Data Output RAM, yayiyinxalenye yendaleko yangaphambili, eyathi yaphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwayo. Le nkumbulo yayinakho ukufumana ezinye iidilesi ngaxeshanye, ngaphandle kokulinda ukufumana enye idatha.
Imemori ye-BEDO-RAM
Ebizwa nge-English Burst Extension Data RAM. I-RAM ye-EDO ikwayindaleko, kwaye ivumela ukufikelela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zememori. Ukuthintela ukugqabhuka kwedatha okwenziwa ngexesha lomjikelo wewotshi nganye eneprosesa. Nangona isebenza kakuhle, ayikaze ikwazi ukuzibeka kwimarike
Imemori yeRambus-DRAM
Yayenye yezona zinto zidaliweyo xa kusenziwa iinkumbulo ze-RAM. Kuyanceda ukuphucula umda wendlela kunye nobuninzi, obunokudlula ngaphaya kwe-1000 MHz, ngobubanzi obungama-64-bit. Okwangoku nazo zisasetyenziswa, akwaziwa ukuba kutheni.
Uhlobo lweenkumbulo ezihambelanayo SDRAM
Xa sithetha ngeenkumbulo ezihambelanayo, umahluko uthathelwa ingqalelo ngokubhekisele kwezinye iinkumbulo. Olu hlobo lweememori lunewotshi yangaphakathi ehambelana rhoqo nokusetyenziswa kweprosesa. Isenzo senza ukuba kube lula ukuphucula amaxesha okusebenza kakuhle kunye neenkqubo ezenziwa liqela.
Yayiziinkumbulo zokuqala ezenziweyo kwaye zaphuhliswa kwiifom zekhompyuter ze-DIMM ezinabafowunelwa abali-168. Iikhompyuter ezinje nge-AMD Athlon kunye nePentium zaqala ukusetyenziswa ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo. Kule mihla zisetyenziswa kwezinye izixhobo kwaye ineendlela ezahlukeneyo.
I-DDR SDRAM
Yayiyinguqulelo yokuqala yeenkumbulo ezihambelanayo, zaphuhliswa ukusuka kwimodyuli yentaba okanye kwiiphakheji ze-DIMM kunye nezikhonkwane ezili-182 kunye nemodeli yeSODOM enezikhonkwane ezingama-200. Babaleka kwii-2,5 volts kwaye iwotshi yabo isebenza ngesantya esiphakathi kwe-100 MHz kunye ne-200 MHz.
Ezi nkumbulo ziphumeze inkqubo ye-Dual Channel, oko kukuthi, bavumela iimodyuli zeememori ze-RAM ukuba zahlulwe zibini. Oku kwenza ukuba kube lula ukutshintshiselana ngedatha kunye nebhasi ngaxeshanye. Kwiimodyuli ezingama-64-bit babenethuba lokutshintshiselana ngebhasi eyi-128-bit. Imemori nganye iza neemodeli ezahlukeneyo ezilungiselelwe ngokwesantya sewotshi.Imemori ye-DDR2 SDRAM
Yayiyinguqulelo yesibini yeenkumbulo ze-DDR, kunye nokuyila kwayo kukuba yayinakho ukuphinda kabini ii-bits ezingadluliswanga kwi-2 kodwa ukuya kwi-4, kumjikelo ngamnye wewotshi. Basebenza kwiimodyuli ezingama-240 zohlobo lwe-DIMM. Basebenza nge-1,8 volts, ebangela ukusetyenziswa okuncinci kune-DDRs. Ezi nkumbulo zinokwahluka okuza ngeemodeli apho kuguqulwe kuphela ukufakwa kwe-encapsulation.
Ii-SoDIMMs kunye nee-MIni DIMM ziimodeli ezenziwe kuphela kwiikhompyuter zamanqaku ezinenqaku elincinci lokusebenzisa i-1,5 volts. Ezi nkumbulo azixhasi ukufakwa kwememori ye-DDR, akukho kungqinelana phakathi kwabo. Njengangaphambili, ubumbeko luyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwi-MHz yewotshi.
DDR3 SDRAM
Ukuphuhliswa kweenkumbulo ezihambelanayo akuyekanga kwaye inguqulelo yesithathu yeenkumbulo ze-DDR ziyaphuculwa ukuphucula imiba yamandla, ukusebenza kakuhle kuphucula kakhulu ngolu hlobo lwesithathu. Isebenza kuphela ngevolthi ye-1,5 yenguqulo yePC yedesktop ene-240-pin DIMM yohlobo lwemodyuli.
Into enomdla ngumthamo wemodyuli nganye efikelela kwi-16 Gb, kodwa ayihambelani nolunye ugcino lwenkumbulo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi nkumbulo zinemeko yokuba xa isantya sisonyuka bathambekele ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kakuhle, kodwa sigcina isantya kwipesenti ephezulu kuneenguqulelo zangaphambili.
Yaphuhliswa ikakhulu ukuba isetyenziswe kwiilaptops nakwiikhompyuter zohlobo lwe-mini-laptop. Ukuba zizixhobo ezisetyenziswa kancinci kunye nemilinganiselo emincinci. Iimodeli ezahlukeneyo zolu hlobo lwenkumbulo ehambelanayo yi-DDR3 isetyenziswa kwiimodeli zekhompyuter yedesktop, sSoloko inemodyuli ye-DIMM.
Kukho iinguqulelo ze-DDR3L, ezisebenza nje nge-1,3 V kwaye zijolise ngokukodwa kwii-laptops. Basebenzisa iimodyuli ze-DIMM kwii-DIMM zabo nakwiinguqulelo zeMini DIMM. Imodeli ye-DDR3U ikwimarike, esebenzisa i-1,2 V kwaye yayilelwe ukuba isetyenziswe kwiithebhulethi nakwiiselfowuni.
Izinkumbulo ezihambelana nolu hlobo zivumela ukusebenzisa umbane omncinci kakhulu, ongagqithiyo kwi-1,2. Zithathwa njengezona zifunwa kakhulu kwimarike yememori namhlanje. Kweli qela kukho izinto ekuthiwa zii-LPDDR memory, ezisebenzisa umbane we-1,2 kwaye zijolise kwiiselfowuni kunye neepilisi ezinobuchule. Iimodeli kuhlobo ngalunye zinokwahluka ngokweenkcukacha ezifunwa ngumenzi wezixhobo.
DDR4 SDRAM
Inguqulelo yesine yile iphuhliswayo kunye nebango elininzi kwaye iyasetyenziswa namhlanje. Basebenza kumaza aphakamileyo kunye nokunyuka kwi-288-pin DIMMs. Ukusebenza ngempumelelo kuphezulu kakhulu, basebenza ngee-volts eziyi-1,35 zeekhompyuter zedesktop kunye nee-volts eziyi-1 zeelaptops.
Kwizixhobo zokusebenza okuphezulu, iinkumbulo zolu hlobo ziyaziswa ezisebenzisa umbane wee-volts ze-1,45 kunye nesantya sokuhambisa se-4.600 MHZ. Ezi nkumbulo ziyakwazi ukusebenza kwiindlela ezintathu nezine kwaye zinokuxhonywa kwiimodyuli ezifikelela kwi-32 Gb.Zine iindidi zememori ye-DDR4, masibone:
- I-DDR4L, ziinkumbulo ezenzelwe iilaptops kunye neeseva, ezibekwe kwi-1,2 volt Ke iimodyuli ze-DIMM ezinezikhonkwane eziguqukayo.
- I-DDR4U, efana kakhulu neyangaphambili, isetyenziselwa iiseva kuphela, zisebenza nge-1,2 volts kwaye azisebenzi kangako kuba umda wazo wokuvelisa unqunyelwe kwiiseva kuphela.
- I-LPDDR4, isebenza kuphela kwiifowuni zeSmartphone, zisebenza ngee-volts eziyi-1,2 ezinokwahluka ngokwemeko yeselfowuni kwii-volts eziyi-1,05, azinasantya siphezulu njenge-DDR4 yedesktop, ifezekisa umsebenzi wayo we-menare efanelekileyo. Igcina isantya se-1600 MHZ, nangona inguqulelo ye-LPDDR 4E inokufikelela kwi-2100 MHZ.
Iimodeli kunye nezinto ezahlukileyo kwezi nkumbulo zenziwe kuthathelwa ingqalelo isantya sewotshi njengomsebenzi weMHz.Iifrikhwensi zewotshi ezisukela kwi-800 MHz ukuya kwi-2133 MHZ ziyaxatyiswa. Esi santya silingana ngokuthe ngqo kwisantya sebhasi kunye nomthamo wokudlulisa, apho zombini ziyonyuka.
Iinkumbulo ze-GDDR
Iinkumbulo ze-GDDR lolunye uhlobo kwi-DDR RAM.Ukongeza kwimemori yendabuko ye-RAM, ibizwa ngokuba yiGraphics Double Data Rate ngesiNgesi. Zenzelwe amakhadi emizobo, kunye nemigangatho efana ne-DDR, ukuze babe nakho ukuthumela ukusuka kwi-2 ukuya kwi-4 yeebitshi kumjikelo wewotshi nganye.
Ngenxa yomgangatho kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, zibiza kakhulu kunamanye amakhwenkwe e-RAM. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye ii-DDR eziqhelekileyo olu hlobo lwenkumbulo luhlobo lwendaleko eyonyusa imeko yegraphic. Kodwa masibone ukubalulwa kwezi nkumbulo
- Isiseko se-GDDR Beza kwimarike okokuqala ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-10 eyadlulayo kwaye isekwe kwiinkumbulo zohlobo lwe-DDR2, zisebenzisa amaza asusela kwi-166 MHz ukuya kwi-900 MHZ kwaye zazisetyenziswa kwizixhobo ezinamandla asemgangathweni.
- I-GDDR2, ekwasekwe nakwiinkumbulo ze-DDR2, yayiyeyona ndlela iphambili yememori kuneyona GDDR esisiseko. Ukuhamba rhoqo yayiyi-800 MHz kunye ne-bandwidth phakathi kwe-8 kunye ne-16 Gb ngomzuzwana.
- I-GDDR3, eyilelwe ziinkampani ezithile ukuba zisebenze kumakhadi omdlalo wevidiyo njengePlayStation 3 kunye neXbox 300, ikwasebenza neminye imisebenzi. Babenendawo yokuhamba rhoqo phakathi kwe-166 MHz kunye ne-800 MHz.
- I-GDDR4, ezi modeli zinetekhnoloji esekwe kwiinkumbulo ze-DDR3, azamkelekanga kwaphela kwintengiso kwaye zatshintshwa yi-GDDR5. Iinkumbulo ze-DDR4 zazisetyenziswa kwimizobo ye-AMD efanayo kakhulu kwi-GDDR 3.
- I-GDDR5, ukufika kwayo kuvunyelwe ukunika uphuhliso olunamandla ngakumbi, yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu ngabancedisi kunye nabavelisi bePS4 kunye neXbox One X. Banobubanzi bebhasi ngokulandelelana kwe-20 Gb kunye nobuninzi be-8 Gbps.
- I-GDDR5X, luphuculo lwenguqulo ye-DDR5 efumana isantya esiphakamileyo se-11 Gbps kunye ne-bandwidth yayo ye-484 Gb ngomzuzwana, ibhasi ixhasa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-352 bits. Isetyenziselwa amakhadi emizobo kwimidlalo yevidiyo yangoku.
- I-GDDR6, ethathelwa ingqalelo njengeyona inkumbulo yakutshanje yamakhadi emizobo, ibiza kakhulu kwaye iinkcazo zayo zemizobo zibalaseleyo. Bafezekisa imvamisa ye-15 Gbps kunye ne-bandwidth ye-672 Gb / s ibhasi ngama-324 Bits, ithathwa njengeyona khadi inamandla ye-desktop eyenziweyo.
Umahluko phakathi kwe-RAM kunye nenkumbulo yeROM
Iinkumbulo zeROM zenziwe ngeesekethe zememori ezivumela kuphela ulwazi ukuba lufundwe. Bazigcina zombini izinto kunye nedatha ngokusisigxina. Ngokungafaniyo ne-RAM esoloko ivulekele ukuphathwa kunye nokufunyanwa kolwazi, i-RAM ivaliwe.
Nangona kunjalo, idatha ekwimemori yeROM inokufunyanwa kodwa ingalawulwa kwaye ingenelele. Imemori ye-RAM ivulelekile ukuba kungakhethi cala ukufikelela kulwazi, nakwesiphi na isikhundla okanye umzuzu; ngelixa iROM ifuna ukufikelela ngokulandelelana kuyo. Imemori ye-RAM inesantya esiphezulu ngelixa imemori yeROM icotha kwaye idatha ithunyelwa kwindawo enye.
Omnye umahluko phakathi kwezi nkumbulo zimbini kukuba inkumbulo ye-RAM iyasuswa, unganyusa umthamo wayo. Ngokuchasene noko, iimodyuli zememori zeROM zathengiswa zaza zancanyathiselwa kwibhodi yomama; azinakususwa okanye zilawulwe ngumsebenzisi. Umenzi ubeka ngokuqinileyo inkumbulo eyenza kube nzima ukuyiqhuba.
Izixhobo
Iindidi zememori ye-RAM zineempawu ezahlukeneyo; indima yayo iyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwinkcazo yekhompyuter, ikhonsoli, okanye umenzi weserver. Ziyilelwe ukuba zibonelele ngokusebenza kakuhle kwifom nganye yosetyenziso ofuna ukuyinika yona. Yiyo loo nto iimeko ezithile kunye neempawu ezinokuthi zithathelwe ingqalelo ezinokunceda umfundi ukuba azi ukuba yeyiphi efanelekileyo yezixhobo okanye yemfuno.
Xa uthetha ngokufikelela ngokungacwangciswanga, kuthathwa njengesenzo esisekwe kwixesha nakwimizuzu echaziweyo. Iindidi zememori ye-RAM zisetwa ngokutsha xa ikhompyuter okanye iseva icinyiwe. Ukubaluleka kweenkumbulo ezihambelanayo kukuba zilawula idatha kwaye zinokusetyenziswa gwenxa.
Ziyilelwe ukuchaza uhlobo lokufunda nokubhala okwenziwa kuzo. Ukusebenza kwayo kuvela ngokukhawuleza, okukhokelela ekuqwalaseleni imeko kunye nohlobo lweenkumbulo zekhompyuter ethile. Iimodyuli njengoko besibonile ngaphambili, zinika ubomi kwimemori yokusebenza. Izinto zobuchwephesha obuphezulu zibandakanyiwe ezivumela isantya esikhulu ekusebenzeni.
Olona phawu lubaluleke kakhulu ziindidi apho bezenzelwe zona. Sijonge indlela ezinokusetyenziswa ngayo kwizicelo ezininzi ezinje ngemidlalo yevidiyo, izixhobo zombane zasekhaya, iikhompyuter zezithuthi kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo ezenza ubomi busebenze ngakumbi kwaye bube lula.
Iindidi zememori ye-RAM zakhiwe ngenjongo yokufumana ukungqamanisa okukhawulezayo nangokufanelekileyo kunye nemisebenzi e-odolwe ngumsebenzisi. Ukusebenza ngempumelelo kulinganiswa ngesantya esahluka ngokweemeko zekhompyuter.
Khumbula ukuba ezinye zinokuba nokusikelwa umda ngenxa yeemeko zabavelisi. Ezona mpawu zibalulekileyo kwezi nkumbulo ziqulathe ifomathi ebonakalayo kunye namandla kwisantya sokwenza isenzo. Kwiinkumbulo zolu hlobo ezinokufumaneka kwintengiso yangoku, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zememori ye-RAM.
Ziyahluka kwifomathi yazo kwaye ziyahluka ngokwenani lezikhonkwane. Kananjalo indlela eyenziwa ngayo isekwe kwii-encapsulates (Ibonwe kweli nqaku). Umthamo kunye nesantya abalawula ukuphuhlisa naso sithathelwa ingqalelo. Ekwenziweni kwemisebenzi.
Zithini iintlobo ze-RAM ezifunekayo?
Xa uthenga izixhobo zekhompyuter, uthenga umdlalo wevidiyo, iSmartphone okanye esinye isixhobo esenziwe ngobuchwephesha obuphezulu. Awuthengi kuphela isixhobo setekhnoloji kodwa inkqubo apho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo zifakwa khona. Yeyiphi evumela ukunika isantya kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwinto efunekayo.
Yahlukile kwizinto zakudala nakwizixhobo ezenziwe kwelinye ixesha, kuba zisebenza ngokukhawuleza nangakumbi; ukwenza ubomi bangoku bube lula ngakumbi. Siphambi kobugcisa obunememori yohlobo lwe-RAM
Ikhompyuter nganye iqulethe ngaphakathi kwezinto zayo le nkumbulo uninzi lubiza ukuba ziikhompyuter. Ingqondo yokwenza izenzo. Xa enye yezi nkumbulo yonakele kubalulekile ukuzitshintsha, zimbalwa ezinokulungiswa kwaye ziyilelwe ukuzinza nokusebenza okuphezulu.
Ukwazi uhlobo lweenkumbulo kubalulekile kwaye eyona nto icetyiswayo kukuya kwincwadi yomenzi kwaye ufumane imemori enesixhobo. Kwimeko yeekhompyuter, ilula kakhulu. Ngaphakathi nangokukhulula ezinye izikrufu, izixhobo zinokuvulwa kuthintelwe ukubamba ezinye iindawo, sijonga ubukho bekhadi elityheli nelimnyama.
Zilula ukuzichonga kwaye zinamanqaku amancinci afakiweyo abonisa imodeli yayo. Imemori khadi ye-RAM inokonakala emva kwethutyana. Sisoloko sicebisa ukuba siye kwiingcali ezibonisa ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwememori onokulutshintsha.
Iimodyuli zememori zekhompyuter kunye neekhompyuter zelaptop zisekwe kwii-DIMMs (ikwabonwa kweli nqaku). Bamele ukufikelela ngokungahleliwe okungqanyaniswe newashi yebhasi, ukuze iinkqubo zikhule ngokukuko. Ezi mpawu zezi zenza ukuba iqela lisebenze ngakumbi xa uhlobo oluthile lwengxaki lubonwa, kulungile ukuba wazi imodeli ekhoyo.
Kwiikhompyuter eziphathwayo sinokuyixabisa imodeli ngeendlela ezimbini, ngokuthe ngqo ngokuvula iscreen kwaye sikhangele kwiimpawu zesixhobo. Enye indlela kukuvula icandelo elisezantsi kwaye ngokubanzi ecaleni kwendawo ekubekwe kuyo isitaki. Xa uyivula, sijonga ngqo imemori khadi ye-RAM. Ingcebiso yethu ukuba uyayigcina nayiphi na into engaqhelekanga kwisixhobo, kulungile ukuyisa kwinkonzo yezobugcisa.
Inkathalo nolondolozo
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zememori ye-RAM zinendlela eyahlukileyo yokusebenza, oku kuxhomekeke kwiimeko kunye neempawu zekhompyuter. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukutshintsha imemori ye-RAM ayisiyiyo efanelekileyo kwaye ihlala isenzeka ukuba imemori engaboniswanga ifakwe.
Kule meko kuhlala kucetyiswa ukuba uye kwiingcali. Ukuthintela olu hlobo lweemeko olunokubangela ukonakala kunye nokufakwa endaweni yeememori ze-RAM. Ukugcinwa kwememori ekucetyiswayo kuyacetyiswa. Le nkonzo ifakiwe kwisoftware yezixhobo kwaye wonke umntu unokuyifaka ngokulula kwaye ngokulula.
Ubomi bememori ye-RAM buxhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni nasemgangathweni wayo. Namhlanje kukho amawaka ememori yememori ye-RAM esebenzisa izixhobo ezikumgangatho osezantsi ukunciphisa iindleko. Iziphumo zoku zinokungasebenzi kakuhle kwaye zingasebenzi kakuhle kwi-RAM. Ngamanye amaxesha kunokudala umonakalo kwizixhobo.
Uthuli lutshaba olunenombolo 1 lweenkumbulo ze-RAM, ukuba luhlala luvezwa eluthulini ngokuqinisekileyo luya kuba nomonakalo othile, kungoko ukubaluleka kokugcinwa kwalo. Kodwa masibone inyathelo ngenyathelo ngendlela esimele sicoce ngayo kwaye sizikhathalele iintlobo ze-RAM.
Inyathelo lokuqala kukuchonga indawo ebekwe kuyo imemori, kunye nemodeli yayo kwaye ikhompyuter icinyiwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye ayixhumeki nakweyiphi na imida. Xa siphambi kwekhadi apho kukho imemori, kulungile ukunxibelelana nesandla ukuphelisa uhlobo oluthile lwamandla emileyo asasazekileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe iiglavu zelatex. Ngendlela enononophelo olukhulu inkumbulo idilizwe ngobunono ngokususa kwizikhonkwane, ngokubanzi iinkumbulo ziye zalungelelaniswa zangotshe ezincinanana ezithethwa ngokuthambileyo kwaye zisuswe ngokulula.
Uqala ukucoca iinxalenye zonxibelelwano ngebrashi ethambileyo, ukuba ufumana isicoci soqhagamshelo ngombane kulungile ukuyisebenzisa. Umbono kukususa uthuli olunokuqokelelana kwaye lunamathele ngenxa yobushushu. Khumbula ukuba ubushushu obugqithisileyo kunye nothuli ziyayinciphisa inkqubo yezixhobo.
Inkqubo yokucoca ilula, kufuneka uyenze ngononophelo olukhulu. Amalungu oza kuwacoca anokonakaliswa njengoko enovakalelo kulusu lomntu, olunokuthi lubonakalise uhlobo oluthile lwentlawulo emileyo kwaye luyonakalise.
Abantu abaninzi balwenzile olu hlobo lolondolozo kwaye khange babenangxaki, ke ukuba ufuna ukusebenza ngcono ngeentlobo zememori, qala ngoku kwaye wonwabe ngakumbi ekusebenzeni kwekhompyuter.
Ukuba uluthandile olu lwazi, siyakumema ukuba undwendwele ibhlog yethu yezobuchwephesha ngokunqakraza kula makhonkco alandelayo, aqulathe ulwazi olunxulumene nesihloko esixoxwe kweli nqaku.