Ngaba uyazi ukuba yintoni iintsapho zefonti? Kwinqaku elilandelayo siza kukunika ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nayo yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana malunga noku.
Iintsapho zeTypographic
Le yinto ebalulekileyo yoyilo, i-typography inamandla amakhulu njengombala, inokuthumela imiyalezo eyahlukeneyo ngokutshintsha nje uhlobo lwefonti, inokuba yeyona yenza ukuba umxholo ubonakale wahlukile kwaye inike imvakalelo kumfundi.
Ngokusebenzisa oonobumba sinokubona ekusebenzisaneni kolwimi, yiyo loo nto iintsapho zefonti zithathwa njengezibaluleke kakhulu kwicandelo loyilo lwegraphic. Kuba iimpawu zoonobumba zineempawu ezibalaseleyo, oku kuye kwamnceda umntu ukuba akwazi ukunxibelelana ngakumbi nangakumbi xa iteknoloji ihambele phambili.
Iintsapho ezichwethezeyo azingobobumba bobukhulu obahlukeneyo kunye neemilo, ezo mpawu zahlukeneyo nganye nganye zisinceda siqonde umyalezo oyinyani abafuna ukuwunika, umzekelo ocacileyo kuxa sicinga ngohlobo "oluhlekisayo" olusibonisa ulonwabo kwaye ngokudlala okanye xa sijonga kwi "ALGERIAN", ixesha kumaXesha Aphakathi liza engqondweni.
Imbali yokuchwetheza
Ukugxininisa ngakumbi kwisihloko seentsapho zochwethezo, siza kuqala ngesishwankathelo esifutshane sembali esiya kusinika ukuba kutheni uhlobo lochwethezo lubaluleke kangaka; Oku kubuyela kwixesha laxa ubuchule bokwenza iphepha babufezekisiwe, obabufezekiswa phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX xa uJohannes Gutenberg wenza umatshini "wohlobo", owawenzelwe ukuprinta iileta.
Obu buchule bunike isiqalo sokushicilelwa kweBhayibhile enemigca engama-42 eyaqhubeka kangangesiqingatha senkulungwane, ukwenziwa kukaJohannes kwaba nempembelelo enkulu kwaye indlela yakhe eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Gutenberg method" yaziwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
Le ndlela yafika e-Italiya apho yafumana amandla ngokukhawuleza kwaye umatshini wokuqala wokushicilela wexesha lasekwa apho. Kulapha apho uhlobo oluhambisekayo oluphefumlelwe ngabantu kunye noCarolingian calligraphy lwalusetyenziswa, olwazala into esiyaziyo njenge typographic yaseRoma.
Oku kuququzelele ukuqala kokudalwa kohlengahlengiso olutsha ekuhambeni kwexesha nakwixesha lezamashishini, iintlobo zahamba ngamagama amakhulu anje ngala: Aldo Manuzio, onzima kumatshini wokushicilela wase-Aldina eVenice, kwaye ke ukuzalwa komalukeke wokuqala ii-editions zabo kunye noClaude Garamond, ophethe uhlobo lokubhala olunegama lakhe.
Kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX enye into ebalulekileyo kwihlabathi lokuchwetheza lavela kuWilliam Caslon kwaye yayingu-Sans Serif typefaces. Bebengabonakali ixesha elide ngenxa yokulula kwabo kodwa kancinci kancinci indlela yabo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
Ukutsiba okuphawuleka kakhulu yile yeAppel Macintosh, le nkqubo yokusebenza ivumele umsebenzisi wayo ukuba asebenzise iifonti ezahlukeneyo, emnika ukhetho olubanzi.Kususela kuloo mzuzu ukuya phambili, iikhompyuter zakhuthaza abayili ukuba bakhangele iifonti ezininzi nangakumbi zomsebenzi wakhe. I-Digital Revolution yazisa ubuchwephesha kwincopho yayo.
Ukuba ufuna ulwazi oluninzi ngakumbi kwiintsapho ezibhalwe uhlobo lohlobo, siyakumema ukuba ubukele ividiyo engezantsi, ngale ndlela, nayiphi na eminye imibuzo iya kucaciswa:
Iindawo zeleta
Igama "Ileta" inemvelaphi yayo kwisiLatin, isetyenziselwa ukubonisa iisimboli ezisetyenzisiweyo kulwimi olubhaliweyo, ngokuhambelana nayo kwiintsapho ezichwetheziweyo ukusuka kwisiLatini nakwisiGrike kubhekiswa kumba wobuhle obuchaza oonobumba. Iileta zinamacandelo ahlukeneyo aphambili ukuze akwazi ukucacisa umahluko kuwo.
Ukuphakama
Ukwahlula phakathi koonobumba abakhulu nabancinci. Oonobumba abakhulu, ubungakanani bususela kwisiseko soonobumba ukuya phezulu kubo, ngaloo ndlela benza oonobumba abakhulu, kwaye bathathe ukuphakama kuka "x" njengesalathiso, oonobumba abancinci benziwe umlinganiso ngaphandle kokuthathela ingqalelo. ukunyuka kunye nokuhla kweempondo.
Ukuthengiswa
Yiloo nto ebonakalisa ubume beleta, yeyona nto iphambili nexabisekileyo kwiliso lenyama, kukho ukunyuka nokuhla kweempondo ezandisiweyo ngaphezulu nangaphantsi "kokuphakama x" ngokwahlukeneyo, ukuphakanyiswa kukukhanya okanye nkqo kubonwa njengeyona migca iphambili , umqolo okanye i-wavy enika imbonakalo yokuthambeka kwezinye iileta, ibha okanye okunqamlezileyo kugxilwe ngokuthe tye.
Khalisa
Ezo zijikeleze indawo engenanto ngaphakathi koonobumba, zikwabizwa ngokuba yigophe elivaliweyo. Ngaphakathi kubo ungabona "umhlophe wangaphakathi" ukuba yenye yeeleta, ukongeza ekubeni ngaphakathi kwiringi ikwanazo neelethi.
Iqhosha
Yenziwe lulwandiso olusezantsi, olugobileyo noluvalekileyo, lukwabizwa ngokuba lupu, ukuba luvulekile luthathwa "njengomsila", obonwa njenge-oblique okanye iigophe ezixhonyiweyo ezijolise ngokubanzi ezantsi kweeleta, ukongeza kukho uqikelelo oluncinci kakhulu oluthathelwa ingqalelo "njengeziseko ”.
Ingalo
Kubonwa njengokuqikelela okungaphezulu ngokuthe tyaba okanye kwicala elingaphezulu elingabikhoyo ngaphakathi komda wabalinganiswa. Umda unikwa lelinye icandelo elibalulekileyo elibizwa ngokuba "ngumzimba", kuba ichaza ubungakanani boonobumba oqhelekileyo kushicilelo olufanayo.
Ifandesi
Ubukhulu becala ubuhle, yinxalenye yeziphelo okanye iziphelo zengalo, umsila okanye ipali, akuyomfuneko ukucutha unobumba, ke ngoko ayizizo zonke iialfabhethi ezinazo. Ngokungafaniyo ne "vertices", eziyimpambano yemigca, ukufumana indawo eqhelekileyo yangaphandle.
ICartouche
Eli candelo leleta, kunye ne-vertex, yindawo esembindini, ekwalungiselela ukujoyina ipali kunye nokugqibezela, ukuba ngumgca othe tye okanye ogobileyo. Kananjalo nelinye icandelo lesiphelo elinokongezwa kwindandatho okanye ezinye iimpondo yi "ndlebe".
Utyekelo
Inxalenye esisiseko yokubhala ngokubhaliweyo ngokubanzi, inikwa kwinqanaba lokuthambeka kwekona elithathwa njengereferensi ye-axis kunobumba ngamnye, ihlala ime nkqo. Soloko ixhaswa "kwisiseko", kuba bachaza ubude.
Zahlulwa njani iintlobo zeentsapho?
Zizo iiseti zoyilo zabalinganiswa ezinempawu zokuhombisa ezifanayo, eziqwalaselwe njengezi ntsapho nangona zifana, ezinye zinomahluko owamkelekileyo kunabanye, igama eliqhelekileyo kwezi ntsapho "ziifonti" zemvelaphi yesiFrentshi.
Ngombulelo kumatshini wokushicilela kwaye kamva kuyilo lwekhompyuter, iimodeli ezahlukeneyo zavela kwimithombo ekuyo ngoku. Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqikelele ubuchule kunye nobuchule obuye baveliswa kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo, ukugcina ezi ntsapho ze-typographic engqondweni namhlanje.
Ukwahlulahlula kwezi ntsapho okanye kwimithombo yolwazi kunikwa ziimpawu eziqokelelweyo esinokuthi sizidibanise, kuba kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuzibeka ngokwamaqela, amanyathelo ahlala ethathelwa ingqalelo yimvelaphi yawo, ixesha analo, okanye ukuxabiseka kobuhle. Ukuqaqambisa ukubaluleka kohlobo ngalunye lokuvelisa iimvakalelo ngaphakathi kwezinto ezisetyenziswa ngabaqulunqi.
Ukwahlulahlula kwe-ATypI
Ukulungisa ukusetyenziswa kweenguqulelo zembali, ukuba ziintsapho zeHumana, Garalda, Real kunye neDidona njenge "ntlobo zelizwe", njenge "yobudala bale mihla" iFutura, iintsapho zase-Egypt nezase-Mecano, ezokugqibela ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, kwaye ziphetha nge "XNUMXth century ”Iintsapho zeMveli kunye ne-Incised, njengoko kubonisiwe kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini.
Kwangelo xesha, ulwahlulo lwe-ATypI, olusemgangathweni olunegama elithi DIN 16518, ngokwamaqela ngamanqaku afanayo lenza ukuba ukwahlulwa kube: "iRoma" kubandakanya i-Ancient, Transition, Modern, Meccane kunye Incised, "Dry stick" Linear in modulation and Grotesque, " Ebhaliweyo "ye-Calligraphic, engekho sesikweni yeGothic kunye ne-Italic, kwaye ekugqibeleni" i-Decorative "yeFantasy kunye ne-Epoch.
YamaRoma
Imithombo enesimbo esikhoyo ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, apho imigca kunye namagophe ajongwa ngokuchaseneyo, ekubeni yayingumbhalo oqoshwe ngesandla, ogqityiweyo kwakufuneka uhambe ngokwee-engile ezinokuthi zenziwe ngelitye, ukubhala kube kuhlelekile kunye nokulingana. Ukwahlulahlulwa ngokwamaqela amahlanu okuqala:
- Antigua okanye Garaldas: Ziyimvelaphi yemvelaphi yaseFrance, eyakhiwe ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe, kunye neshafti kunye nomphezulu ophela ngokukhanya kumanqaku, konke oku kugqamisa ngemigca yobukhulu obahlukeneyo. Ezi fonti zibandakanya iGaramond, Century Oldstyle, kunye neTimes New Roman.
- Yotshintsho: Ukuveza njengoko igama layo libonisa utshintsho olusuka kwizimbo zakudala zamaRoma zisiya kwiRoma yanamhlanje, zivela phakathi kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe neyeshumi elinesibhozo, zinika imvumelwano kwiimpondo nakwiziphelo ezingasekhoyo ngoonxantathu, njengemizekelo yimithombo yaseCaledonia naseBaskerville.
- Namhlanje: Ukwenza ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezitsha zokuprinta eziphuhliswe ngenkulungwane ye-20th, enkosi kuDidot owazenzayo, isimbo esicocekileyo ngakumbi sivumela ukuxabiseka kwezi fonti kumacandelo okubhaliweyo aqhubekayo, njengomzekelo sineFirmin Didot kunye ne-N ° XNUMX yanamhlanje.
- Imeccano: Ukubekwa ngokwamaqela ngenxa yeziseko ezifumaneka kulo mthombo, ayinako ukumodareyitha kunye nokwahluka njengabanye kusapho lwayo, ke inokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo kwimeko ethile, imizekelo ephambili efana neStymie neLubalin.
- Ixabiso: Ifana ne "Mecano" font, la ngamaqela ahlukile kwamanye amaRoma, kuba yinto ephambili ekusetyenzisweni komgca wokufunda wentelekelelo, kuba iimpondo zayo zibhityile zibhitye, zijonga ngamehlo kwaye zingenazo iinkcukacha. imithombo "Palo seco", phakathi kwemithombo yayo iBaltra neAlinea.
Intonga eyomileyo
Ukuba umahluko phakathi koonobumba abakhulu bamaGrike nabaseFenike, kwelinye icala i-compact, ethe tye kwaye emanyeneyo yoonobumba abancinci, bejonga umbono wexesha lemizi-mveliso eyadalwa ngalo, bahlulahlulwe baba:
- Linear ngaphandle kokumodareyitha: iyunifomu, ijiyometri kubungqingqwa kunye nesimbo sokubetha, ineentlobo ezininzi zeefonti ezifumanekayo, akuqhelekanga ukuxabiseka kokubhaliweyo, okufana neFutura, iHelvetica kunye neAvant Garde.
- I-Grotesque: ngokungafaniyo neyangaphambili ukuba iyancomeka ngokufanelekileyo ekusebenzeni isicatshulwa, eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu ziiGill Sans.
Iphawulwe
Ukuhonjiswa kwesimbo sokubhala kubonakalisa ikhaligraphy yababhali abayilileyo. Amaqela ayo amathathu aphambili ngala: "I-Calligraphic" esekwe kwizandla zababhali bayo njenge American Uncial kunye ne Bible Seript iyachuma, i "Gothic" ibetha imivumbo kwaye ihlala ingafundeki kunabanye abanjengo Mbhalo Womtshato kunye no Fraktur, "Cursive" onomthetho osesikweni , kwisitayile esithandwayo.
Ukuhombisa
Ziziimeko ezizodwa ezingasetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kodwa, ngokuba zii-"Fantasy "oonobumba abangafumaneki kangako, kunye nembonakalo yexesha eliphakathi, umzekelo wabo nguShatter kunye neCroissant, kwelinye icala" i-Epoca "iphawula isitayile sefashoni elula, ebonakalayo umzekelo kwizibhengezo. , iifonti ezisetyenziswa kakhulu yiPeignot, iGallia kunye neBroadway.
Uyenza njani iifonti ngephepha lewebhu?
Kukho amaphepha ewebhu ahlukeneyo apho sinokubeka khona bonke ubuchule bethu kunye nokwenza iifonti zethu, ezi zizixhobo eziluncedo kakhulu ukuba sizama ukufumana iziphumo ezithile.
Esinye sezixhobo ezidumileyo ezikhoyo zokwenza iifonti ezahlukeneyo kwiintsapho ezichwetheziweyo kwiwebhu zibizwa ngokuba yiMyScriptFont, oku kungenxa yokuba kulula kwaye isebenza kakuhle, kufuneka ulungise izinto ngokubhekisele kwifonti, kodwa ezinye Umsebenzi uya kwenziwa sisicelo. Emva koko, siza kuchaza ngokufutshane amanyathelo oza kuyenza:
- Isinyathelo se1: Siza kuqala ngokukhuphela itemplate eya kuthi isetyenziselwe ukubhala ifonti entsha. Umfanekiso uya kuba kwiPNG okanye iPDF.
- Isinyathelo se2: Ngaphakathi kwesicelo, iMyScriptFont, kuya kufuneka ujonge ifayile kwindawo ethi "Khetha Ifayile". Kwimeko apho ilayishwe ngqo kwilifu, unokongeza ngokulula i-URL.
- Isinyathelo se3: Faka igama lefonti ofuna ukuyenza kwaye yiyo loo nto. Xa uyifaka kwikhompyuter yakho, kufuneka ucofe kabini kwifayile oyenzileyo kwaye xa sele ivuliwe, cofa ku "Faka".
Uyenza njani ifonti kwiAdobe Illustrator?
Phambi kokuba uqalise le nkqubo, kufuneka kuqala ukhuphele kwaye ufake ifowuni kwi "Adobe Illustrator", unokuyifumana ngokulula kuGoogle, kunye nokuba simahla. I-Photoshop okanye iFont Forge inokuba luncedo kuwe, kodwa kule ngcaciso, siza kugxila kwi-Illustrator kuphela.
Siza kuqala ngokwenza uhlobo lwe-typography esifuna ukuyenza ephepheni (iphepha elibonakalayo), emva koko siligqithisele kwikhompyuter. Le nkqubo iyakonwabisa kuwe, kuba ungayila ifonti oyifunayo ngendlela ofuna ngayo, emva kokugqiba oku, skena iphepha kwaye uliguqule libe ngumfanekiso kwikhompyuter yakho; Emva koko, siza kuchaza ngokweenkcukacha into ekufuneka uyenzile:
- Isinyathelo se1: Qalisa inkqubo kwaye wakuba ngaphakathi, vula umfanekiso wefonti oyenzileyo ngaphambili. Sicebisa ukuba usondeze umfanekiso ukuze ukwazi ukuwuqonda ngcono.
- Isinyathelo se2: Kwicala lasekhohlo lesicelo, uya kubona izixhobo kwaye ukhethe enye oyifunayo kulo msebenzi, usiba. Sincoma ukusebenzisa umbala oqinileyo njengobomvu ukuya ngaphezulu kwemigca yoonobumba.
- Isinyathelo se3: Ukuphonononga ubuchwephesha kulula, kuya kufuneka ucofe kwiziphelo zoonobumba (nganye nganye ngokwahlukeneyo). Uya kubona ukuba oonobumba bayakwenziwa njani imigca eya kuhamba phezu kwakho; Kwicala lasekhohlo, uya kubona ezinye izixhobo eziya kuthi ziququzelele lo msebenzi, umzekelo, umzekelo: Lowo wenza iimilo, ezinje ngesangqa, ukuphonononga oonobumba abasetyhula ngokukhawuleza.
- Isinyathelo se4: Ngoku kuya kwiinjini yokukhangela zikaGoogle ukukhangela kwaye ufake iphepha: Calligraphr.com, apha unokufumana itemplate oyifunayo yokwenza i-typography yakho simahla. Inkqubo kwiwebhusayithi ilula, kuya kufuneka uye apho ithi "Qalisa simahla" emva koko ubhalise; Xa uyenzile, khuphela i-template ye-PDF, ekufuneka uyivulile kwi-Adobe Illustrator ukuze uqhubeke ngenyathelo elilandelayo.
- Isinyathelo se5: Nje ukuba kuvulwe, uyakuqonda ukuba kukho iibhokisi ezininzi apho unokongeza nganye nganye, iileta okhe wazihlola ngaphambili. Ukwenza oku, qala uvule ifayile eneeleta eziphononongiweyo, ukuze nina nobabini nivule: itemplate kunye noonobumba.
- Isinyathelo se6: Kuqala khetha iileta, emva koko ucofe amaqhosha e-Ctrl kunye no-C (oku kukopa) kwaye uncamathisele kwitemplate ngokucinezela amaqhosha e-Ctrl kunye no-V (oku kukuncamathisela). Uyabona ukuba zibonakala zikhulu kakhulu, kodwa nciphisa ubungakanani bazo ukuqala ukukopa unobumba ngamnye osezibhokisini.
- Isinyathelo se7: Nje ukuba wenze, gcina itemplate eneeleta, kodwa kufuneka uyenze njengefayile yePDF.
Ukugqiba, yiya kwiphepha lewebhu esele likhankanyiwe kwaye ulayishe ifayile, emva koko, ucofe ku "Yenza umthombo". Emva koko, kuya kufuneka ucofe ku "Khuphela ifonti", ngale nto, unefonti yakho entsha, onokuyongeza kwiLizwi okanye kwinkqubo yoyilo.
Indlela elula yokongeza le fonti kwikhompyuter yakho kukuya kwifolda "Yemigca" kwiWindows kwaye uncamathisele ifayile yePDF oyenzileyo.
Ukuba ulithandile inqaku kwiintsapho ezichwetheziweyo kwaye unomdla wokufunda enye, siyakumema ukuba undwendwele oku kulandelayo: I-Polymorphism kwinkqubo ejolise kwinto.