Isiphaluka esixubileyo Yintoni kwaye yintoni iimpawu zayo?

Siyazazi iindlela ezimbini ezisisiseko zokudibanisa izinto zombane kwisekethe: oku kufezekiswa ngothotho okanye uqhagamshelo olufanayo; indlela yesithathu ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa konxibelelwano oludibeneyo kunye nolunye, olubizwa ngokuba isekethe exubekileyo okanye zidityanisiwe. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi yonke into malunga nale sekethe, qhubeka ufunda inqaku lethu.

Yintoni isekethe exubekileyo?

Xa ubhekisa kwi isekethe exubekileyo, Kuthiwa kukudityaniswa kwelinye okanye nangaphezulu kwezinto ezidityaniswe ngokulandelelana nangokungqinelana, ke iipropathi kunye neempawu zalo manyano lweentlobo ezimbini zonxibelelwano ezikhoyo.

Isebenza njani isekethe exubeneyo?

Ngokubanzi, olu hlobo lwesekethe lunonikezelo lwamandla, oludityaniswe kuthotho olusuka kwiswitshi esinika amandla inkqubo yonke ngokulinganayo. Emva kwale feeder, sihlala sinesekethe ezininzi eziziisekondari, ezinokuqwalaselwa okungohluka ngokubhekisele kubume babamkeli; uthotho kunye neesekethe ezifanayo ngaphandle kwendlela ethile.

Singathatha umfanekiso wangaphambili njengomzekelo, isekethe enendawo yangoku evela kwicandelo layo elisezantsi njengebhetri, kwaye ilawula ukwahlulahlula ibe yimisinga emibini iR4 kunye neR5, emva koko uphinde ujoyine kwakhona, wahlule ukuze ukwazi ukuhamba unxibelelwano ezimbini R2 kunye R3, emva koko ujoyine kwaye uphinde uhambo nge-R1 kwaye ekugqibeleni ubuyele ngaphezulu kwebhetri.

Ke ngoko, kukho iindlela ezingaphezu kwenye zolu hambo lwangoku (isekethe efanayo), nangona kunjalo sineeseti ezingaphezu kweesibini zamanqaku aqhelekileyo ngombane kwisekethe (uthotho lwesekethe). Zeziphi izinto zokudibanisa uthotho, zonke iisekethe ezikufutshane ziya kususwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwiyunithi xa icandelo lalo loop okanye inethiwekhi inqanyuliwe. Ke ukuba isiza sokuxhathisa i-R1 sinqunyanyisiwe phezulu, ezinye izichasi ziya kuyeka ukusebenza.

Ukuba sinesekethe esecaleni efanayo, ukuba elinye lamacandelo liyanyibilika, kwaye indawo evulekileyo yenziwe, elinye isebe liya kuqhubeka nokusebenza ngokuzimeleyo. Ke ngoko, ukuba sikhulula izixhobo zokuxhathisa ezifanayo (R2, R3, R4 kunye ne-R5), onke amasebe akufutshane aya kuqhubeka esebenza.

Izicelo

Kwinxalenye enkulu yezixhobo zasekhaya kunye nezixhobo ze-elektroniki, zinokwenziwa kwisiseko seesekethe ezixubileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba iiselfowuni, oomabonakude, iikhompyuter okanye nayiphi na enye into efanayo ixubene neesekethe zombane njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yonxibelelwano enalo ngaphakathi.

Iimpawu zemijikelezo exubeneyo

• Okokuqala, olu hlobo lwesekethe lubonakaliswa ngokwenziwa ngokudibanisa uthotho kunye neesekethe ezifanayo.
• Ngokunjalo, ivolthi iyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kumthamo wevolthi phakathi kwendlela nganye eveliswayo.
• Ubungakanani bamandla okwangoku bunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kunxibelelwano.
• Okokugqibela, kukho iifomyula ezimbini ukubala ukunganyangeki ngokupheleleyo isekethe exubekileyo.

/ Ungayisombulula njani isekethe exubekileyo?

Ukusombulula ngendlela elula a isekethe exubekileyo, Sinomzekelo ngokubhekisele kumfanekiso ongaphambili, apho izichasi ezibekwe ngokufanayo, zinokuxhathisa okufanayo, ke injongo yoku kukwenza isigqibo ngoku kunye nevolthi yazo zonke izichasi ezifumanekayo.

Ukubala okupheleleyo

Njengoko sele sisazi, into yokuqala ekufuneka siyenzile kukwenza lula isekethe, oku kwenziwa ngokutshintsha izichasisi ezimbini ezifanayo ngokuchasana okulinganayo. Ke ngoko, izichasisi ezibini eziyi-8Ω kuthotho ziya kulingana ne-4Ω enye. Ngale ndlela, ii-resistors ezimbini ze-branching, oko kukuthi i-R2 kunye ne-R3, inokutshintshwa yinto enye elingana no-4Ω, le nkcaso iya kuba yinkqutyana kunye ne-R1 kunye ne-R4, ngoko ke ukuxhathisa ngokupheleleyo kuya kuba:

• RTot = R1 + 4 Ω + R4 = 5 Ω + 4 Ω + 6 Ω RTot = 15

Ukubalwa kwezinto ezikhoyo ngoku

Kwelinye icala, sinokwazi ukusebenzisa umlinganiso womthetho ka-Omh (ΔV = I • R) ukuze sikwazi ukumisela inani langoku kwisekethe. Xa usenza oku, kuya kufuneka usebenzise uxhathiso olupheleleyo kunye nevolthi iyonke okanye inokuba yintoni ibhetri yebhetri. Siza kuba njani:

• I_zonke = ΔV_zonke /R_zonke = (60V) / (15Ω)

  I_zonke = 4 iiAmps

Ngaphakathi kubalo lwangoku lwee-4 amps simele indawo yangoku kwindawo yale bhetri. Nangona kunjalo, ii-resistors ze-R1 kunye ne-R4 zikwimixokelelwano kwaye ikwangoku kwizichasi ezixhumeke kuthotho ziyafana kuwo onke amanqaku:

• I_zonke = Ndi₁ = Ndi₄ = 4 iiAmps

Ngaphakathi kwamasebe ahambelanayo, isixa ngasinye sangoku kwisebe ngalinye sinokulingana ngoku sangoku ngaphandle kwawo. Ke ngoku mna₂ + Mna₃, kuyakufuneka ilingane ne-4amp.

Kukho inani elingenasiphelo lamaxabiso anokubakho endi₂ + Mna₃ yanelisa le nxaki. Kuba amaxabiso oxhathiso ayafana, amaxabiso akhoyo kuzo zombini izichaso ayafana. Ke ngoku kwi-resistors yi-2 kunye ne-3 elingana no-2 amps.

• I₂ = Ndi₃ = 2 iiAmps

Ubalo lwevolthi nomthetho ka-Ohm

Ngoku ukuba siyayazi ngoku indawo nganye yezichasi ezizimeleyo, singasebenzisa i-Ohm equation (ΔV = I • R) ngale ndlela sinokumisela ukwehla kwamandla ombane kuxhathiso ngalunye, ukubala esikubonisa apha ngezantsi:

• ΔV₁ = Ndi₁ •R₁ = (4 ii-Amp) • (5 Ω)

  V₁ = 20V

  ΔV₂ = Ndi₂ •R₂ = (2 ii-Amp) • (8 Ω)

  V₂ = 16V

  ΔV₃ = Ndi₃ •R₃ = (2 ii-Amp) • (8 Ω)

  V₃ = 16V

  ΔV₄ = Ndi₄ •R₄ = (4 ii-Amp) • (6 Ω)

  V₄ = 24V

Amanyathelo ohlalutyo lweSekethe exutyiweyo

1. Chonga uthotho kunye nonxibelelwano oluhambelanayo: Into ephambili kukwazi ukuba zeziphi iinxalenye zesekethe ezidityaniswe kuthotho kwaye ngawaphi amacandelo adityaniswe ngokufanayo?
2. Zuza ukuxhathisa okulinganayo: Kuya kufuneka usebenzise ngokufanelekileyo uthotho kunye nemithetho efanayo njengoko kufuneka ukuyinciphisa kuxinzelelo olulinganayo.
3. Bala iTotali yangoku: Apha kufuneka usebenzise umthetho we-Ohm equation ukumisela imeko yangoku kwisekethe.
4. Uthotho lwemisinga yokuxhathisa: Emva kokufumana ubuninzi beTotal, fumana izixhathisi ezikuthotho kunikezelo lwamandla. Okwangoku kuthotho lokuxhathisa ukuxhathisa kuyafana kwindawo nganye.
5. Ukuhla kwevolthi yokuchasana ngokuxhathisayo ngokufanayo: Kumasebe aqhagamshelwe ngokufanayo, isambuku sangoku kwisebe ngalinye lilingana nelangoku ngaphandle kwamasebe.
6. I-Voltage ye-resistors ngokufanayo: Ngokuxhomekeke kwisekethe yakho, siya kuba nokuhla kwamandla ombane ngenxa yokudlula kwi-resistors ezixhunyiwe kwiichungechunge.
7. Ubungqongqo be Resistors ngokuhambelanayo: Okokugqibela, kuba uyazi i-voltage yehla kumachiza axhunywe ngokufanayo, sebenzisa umthetho we-Ohm ukulinganisa ukumisela okwangoku kula masebe mabini.

Ukuba ulithandile eli nqaku kwaye beluncedo, ungalibali ukundwendwela iwebhusayithi yethu ukuze ufunde amanqaku anomdla malunga nezinto ze-elektroniki, ezinje Ukusebenza kweepaneli zelanga kunye neentlobo zayo ezintle. Ngokunjalo, ukuba ufuna ukwenza nzulu esi sihloko, sikushiya le vidiyo ilandelayo, sinethemba lokuba ngayo yonke idatha esikubonisa yona kweli nqaku, uya kusombulula amathandabuzo akho.