Izixhobo zetekhnoloji kunye nezixhobo zinamacandelo asengqiqweni okwenza umsebenzi wazo, oku kwaziwa njenge isiseko sesoftware ezibonisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezakhiwo.
Yila macandelo asengqiqweni ekhompyuter
Isiseko sesoftware
Okwangoku sihlala kwihlabathi apho itekhnoloji ibalulekile kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, izixhobo ezithambileyo ziinkqubo ezifumaneka kwiikhompyuter ezivumela ukwenziwa ngokulandelelana kwedatha, kunye nokudluliselwa kolwazi kunye neebhithi ngokwemiyalelo esetyenziswe kwikhompyuter okanye ezinye isixhobo se-elektroniki.
Ukudibana kwezixhobo zekhompyuter kunye nesoftware nezixhobo kuyenziwa ngabaqhubi, ngenxa yoku kuyimfuneko ukuba isixhobo okanye ikhompyuter ibenabaqhubi abajongene nokwenza inkqubo yokusebenza ngendlela eyoneleyo. Kwezi khompyuter unokuba neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezisekwe kugqithiso lwedatha phakathi kwenkqubo yokusebenza ukuya kwikhompyuter.
Icandelo ngalinye elisengqiqweni lekhompyuter lilawulwa sisiseko sesoftware, oku kukwabizwa ngokuba sisoftware yenkqubo; iphethe usetyenziso lwekhompyuter olusekhompyutheni olubalulekileyo kunxibelelwano lomsebenzisi kunye nonxibelelwano olukhoyo kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki, ngenxa yoku kubalulekile ukwazi iintlobo kunye neempawu zazo.
Iimpawu ze-sisiseko sewareware
Omnye wemisebenzi yayo kukunika inkqubo ukusebenzisana phakathi kwesixhobo kunye nomsebenzisi, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo ezifakiweyo kunye nemiyalelo efakiweyo. Ngale ndlela unokonyusa ukusebenza ngokukuko kwikhompyuter, ukuze ube nethuba lokuzisebenzisa zonke izibonelelo ngohlaziyo ngalunye.
Ngombulelo kwisoftware esisiseko, izixhobo kunye nezixhobo zinakho ukwandisa ukusebenza kwazo kwinkqubo, oko kukuthi, yonyusa isantya sokudluliswa kwedatha ukunqanda nayiphi na ingxaki ekuphunyezweni kwenkqubo okanye usetyenziso; ngendlela efanayo, ibonelela ngezixhobo ezahlukeneyo eziza kusetyenziswa kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.
Ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokusebenza kuyonyuswa ngokuqhuba isoftware esisiseko, enkosi kobu bomi bufanelekileyo bezixhobo ezenza ikhompyuter bunokunyuswa. Ke kunokuthiwa ukusebenza kwetekhnoloji kugcinwa kunye nexesha elininzi lokuhambelana nokuhlaziywa okwenziwa yonke imihla, ukuze ikwazi ukufaka ixesha elininzi.
Okwangoku kukho iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezinesoftware esebenzayo nefanelekileyo, phakathi kwazo iWindows ibonakala, equlathe inkqubo yokusebenza eyenziwe yiMicrosoft, ngendlela efanayo kukho iMac Os eyadalwa yiApple; Ezi mveliso zaziwa kwihlabathi liphela ngokuba ziimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwaye zibonelela ngeyona nkonzo ibalaseleyo kwicandelo lekhompyutha.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi malunga netekhnoloji eyonyusa ukukhula kwephepha lewebhu, uyamenywa ukuba ufunde inqaku ngalo Yintoni iDrupal? apho kuchazwa iimpawu zayo, iimodyuli, imisebenzi, uyilo kunye neendaba.
Iindidi
Iinkampani ezininzi zithatha inxaxheba kuphuhliso lweenkqubo kwaye zenza isoftware esisiseko yokunyusa umgangatho wokuphunyezwa kwedatha. Iimpawu zomntu ngamnye zahlukile ikakhulu ekusebenzeni konxibelelwano, kunye nezixa zomsebenzisi anazo ukuba azisebenzise ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko evelayo.
Kuxhomekeka kwicandelo apho iinxalenye ezisengqiqweni zikwisixhobo, ezinye izixhobo ezithile ezisisiseko zinokugqitywa, ezinomsebenzi othile kunye nokunceda ukwenziwa kwesicelo njengoko sisetyenziswa ngumsebenzisi. Zikwabalulekile ekuqaliseni ikhompyuter okanye kulungelelwaniso ofuna ukulusebenzisa kwinkqubo yokusebenza
Isoftware esisiseko inoxanduva lokuphunyezwa ngokuchanekileyo kwenkqubo yokusebenza kwikhompyuter, kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukileyo kwimisebenzi nakwizakhono zazo. Ngenxa yoku, ezi zilandelayo ziindidi ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkqubo zokusebenza kunye neempawu zazo eziphambili ukuze ube nolwazi ngezibonelelo zabo kunye nemida:
Abaqhubi bezixhobo
Phakathi kweentlobo zesoftware esisiseko, ibandakanya abaqhubi abaziwa ngokuba ngabaqhubi bezixhobo.Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukutolika idatha egqithiselwa ukusuka kwinkqubo yokusebenza iye kwisixhobo, ngale ndlela ilawula ukuhlangana kwamacandelo zifakwe kwikhompyuter, ngendlela evumela ukusebenza kwayo ngokupheleleyo.
Ngale software isisiseko njengomqhubi kukho ikhonkco lekhompyuter nganye kwisoftware ehambelanayo, ezi zinto zibonakalayo zifuna icandelo elifanelekileyo kwikhompyuter ukuze ikwazi ukuthumela imiqondiso ngendlela yeebits ukwenza umsebenzi wayo; Ngale nto, umsebenzisi unethuba lokwenza naliphi na icandelo xa kufuneka njalo.
Inika ithuba lokufaka isenzo kwinkqubo yokusebenza ngokuseta izinto ezibonakalayo ezifakiweyo okanye ezixhumeke kwikhompyuter. Abaqhubi banoxanduva lokulawula i-Hardware nganye ukuze bacwangciswe ngendlela yokuba umsebenzisi angabinangxaki ekwenzeni icandelo elifanelekileyo lenkqubo ethile.
AbaPhathi beNkqubo
Enye isoftware esisiseko yinto yokulayisha inkqubo enesakhono sokulawula ukwenziwa kwayo nayiphi na inkqubo kwikhompyuter kunye nokulawula ukugqitywa kwawo nawuphi na umsebenzi onikwe inkqubo, oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yiSetup, inoxanduva lokunika umsebenzisi Ukuhamba kwedijithali kokusebenza kwesixhobo ukwandisa ukusebenza kwayo.
Ndiyabulela kule software, nawuphi na umsebenzi onokwenziwa kwikhompyuter ngenkqubo okanye usetyenziso oluthile, kungenxa yokuba ngamanye amaxesha izixhobo azinakho ukugqiba ukusebenza ngenxa yokunqongophala kwesixhobo esinceda kudluliso lwedatha. Inkqubo yokusebenza kwenkqubo, ukuziveza kunxibelelwano lomsebenzisi.
Ngokulayishwa kwenkqubo, umqondiso ngamnye othunyelwe ngezinto ezibonakalayo unokwenziwa ngendlela efanelekileyo kunye nesoftware esetyenzisiweyo, idatha ihanjiswa ukusukela oko inkqubo iqala de kube isicelo sayo sivaliwe, ikhompyuter ilawula ukugcina iifayile okanye ulwazi lwethutyana. njengoko kuyalelwe ngumsebenzisi kwinkqubo yokusebenza.
BIOS
I-BIOS sisoftware esisiseko kwinkqubo yokusebenza, ikwayenye yezona zaziwa kakhulu ngabasebenzisi kuba iingxaki ezininzi zinokusonjululwa ngesi sixhobo. Ibaleka ukusukela kumzuzu apho iibhutsi zekhompyuter zikhona kuyo nayiphi na umatshini okanye isixhobo se-elektroniki ukuze ikwazi ukwenza inkqubo yokuqalisa ngokuchanekileyo.
Izixhobo zekhompyuter zilawulwa yi-BIOS kwaye inika ithuba lokuba umsebenzisi afikelele kwaye alawule ngokusebenzisa ikhibhodi ngokucinezela isitshixo esithile ekufuneka simiselwe kuqwalaselo lwale software isisiseko. Ngale nto ungangena kwimenyu yangaphakathi yenkqubo yokusebenza ukwenza naluphi na uhlengahlengiso ngokubhekisele kwikhompyuter njengoko kunokuba njalo.
Kukho ithuba lokuba inkqubo yokusebenza isilele kwikhompyuter okanye kukho ingxaki ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo, nge-BIOS kunokwenzeka ukuba uphinde ufumane okanye ulungise ukungaphumeleli kwezixhobo, nangona kunjalo kunokwenzeka ukuba ikhompyuter Impazamo kwi-BIOS ke inkqubo enzima ngakumbi iyafuneka ukuyilungisa.
firmware
Okokugqibela, kukho isoftware esisiseko ebizwa ngokuba yiFirmware, ineempawu ezintle ezivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bayisebenzise kwikhompyuter yabo ngaphandle kwengxaki ekwenzeni inkqubo. Inememori yangaphakathi yesixhobo engenakupheliswa ngenkqubo, ikwanoxanduva lokulawulwa kweesekethe ezenza izixhobo ukuze zisebenze ngendlela efanelekileyo.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi malunga nolwimi lwenkqubo, uyakhuthazwa ukuba ubone inqaku Inkqubo, apho kuchazwa izibonelelo zayo, izinto ezingalunganga kunye nokunye okuninzi.
Iinkqubo zokusebenza
Ziqulathe iinkqubo ezifakwe kwiikhompyuter ukwenza ujongano lwazo, ukuze zibe zezona nkqubo ziphambili zesixhobo. Ikwayinxalenye ye-BIOS ehambelana nekhompyuter, kuba ngocwangciso lwayo iiparameter kunye nemisebenzi ekufuneka yenziwe kwizixhobo zingenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokweemfuno zomsebenzisi.
Ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokusebenza njengesoftware esisiseko, ukusebenza ngokukuko kunokusekwa ekusetyenzisweni kwezicelo kunye nokudluliswa kwedatha ekufuneka kwenziwe, isantya sokusebenza siphezulu, yiyo loo nto kuncitshiswa iingxaki ekuqaliseni ikhompyuter nasekusebenziseni Inkqubo ethile efuna izixhobo zekhompyuter, kuba kubalulekile ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo useto lwe-BIOS.
Iseka imeko-bume kwinkqubo yekhompyuter ukuze ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezifakwe kwikhompyuter kube lula; Kubalulekile ukwenza ukhuphelo oluhambelanayo lwayo nayiphi na isoftware efunekayo kwizixhobo kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kuqinisekisiwe kwi-100% yokusebenza kwayo kunye nokusebenza kwayo, enkosi koku isantya sokudluliswa kwedatha esenziwa kwicandelo ngalinye kwixesha elifutshane.
Ngenxa yoku, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umsebenzisi abe nolwazi malunga neempawu kunye nezixhobo ezisekwe kwikhompyuter okanye kwisixhobo, ngale ndlela banokuba nendlela yokwandisa imisebenzi yabo esisiseko kunye nokongeza usetyenziso olutsha Sebenzisa inkqubo yokusebenza kwekhompyuter, ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwabo kumacandelo ahlukeneyo njengoko efakwe ngumsebenzisi.
Iinkqubo ezisebenzayo njengesoftware esisiseko zibonakaliswa ngokuba ziinkqubo ezinamandla amakhulu kwikhompyuter, zona, zinenani elikhulu leempawu ngaphezulu kwezinye iintlobo zesoftware, ke kukho amandla amakhulu okugcina kunye nokuhambisa idatha eyahlukeneyo, oko kukuthi , unethuba lokwenza iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ngexesha elinye ngaphandle kokuwa kwenkqubo yayo.
Enye yeendlela zokusebenza eziqhelekileyo okanye ezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yeempawu zayo yiWindows, oku kungenxa yoyilo lwayo lobuchwephesha kunye nolwazi, kuba inezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezivumela ukwenziwa kwesoftware efakwe kwikhompyuter, ine-Open imvelaphi ukuze umsebenzisi abenakho ukuseka ubumbeko lomntu kunye nokulungelelanisa nemisebenzi yabo.
Kukho inkqubo yokusebenza eyenziwe yiApple equlathe iMac Os, inethuba lokuba imithombo evulekileyo emiselwe kwangaphambili inokuvalwa ukuze umsebenzisi angabamba idatha eyenziwe kwikhompyuter. Ngokunjalo, kukho iLinux kunye neUnix ezibonakaliswa ngokunikwa ikhowudi evulekileyo ukuba ifumaneke kumsebenzisi oyifakayo kwikhompyuter okanye kwisixhobo.
