Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga izixhobo zekhompyutha kunye neempawu zayo ezintle, ungaphoswa linqaku elilandelayo apho uza kufumana ulwazi oluxabisekileyo.
Zithini izinto zehardware? Iyintoni kwaye isetyenziselwa ntoni?
Emva kokufunda itekhnoloji, kufumaniseke ukuba zimbini iintlobo zeenkqubo, ezokusebenza kunye nolwazi. Ngesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba yeyiphi indlela eyahlulwe ngayo enye kwenye?
Inkqubo yokusebenza yile ilawula kwaye iququzelele zonke iinkonzo okanye izicelo ezisetyenziswe kwikhompyuter, ezenza ukuba ziqhubeke ngokuchanekileyo. Le yisoftware, ivumela ukusebenza kwekhompyuter kwaye ilungelelanise yonke imisebenzi yayo.
Inkqubo yolwazi, ke, yile nkqubo evumela ukugcina nokwenza ulwazi; ngokufanayo, yinxalenye yeseti yamaqela ahambelana nezixhobo zekhompyutha kunye nesoftware. Ivumela naluphi na uhlobo lwesixhobo se-elektroniki ukuba sibaluleke ngokukodwa kwiinkqubo zolawulo lwedatha.
Iinkqubo zolwazi zihamba ngezigaba ezahlukeneyo, apho kusetyenziswa iindlela ezininzi zolawulo ezenza iisysystems apho zikhona ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwengqiqo. Ukwenza ukuqonda kwakho kube kubuchwephesha ngakumbi, izixhobo ezibonakalayo zezomzimba, kunye nengqondo, isoftware.
I-Hardware yinto esiyaziyo njengalo lonke uhlobo lwangaphandle lwenkqubo yekhompyuter, ke ngoko yenziwe ngamacandelo e-elektroniki enza ukuba imijikelezo isebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Iindawo ezinzima ezibandakanya ukukhusela zonke ezi setyhula, kwaye zezona ikakhulu zakha izixhobo zekhompyuter.
Ukuze inkqubo yolwazi isebenze ngokuchanekileyo, kufuneka ukuba izixhobo zekhompyuter zifuna isoftware, kuba icandelo elinengqiqo kufuneka lifakwe ngaphakathi kwegobolondo evumela ukuba imisebenzi yenkqubo ye-elektroniki yenziwe, ngaloo ndlela ivumela usetyenziso ukuba lwenze imisebenzi.
Isixhobo sekhompyuter senziwe yinto ebalulekileyo eyaziwayo njengeyunithi yokuqhubekeka esembindini elawula ukuqhubekeka kwecandelo ngalinye ledatha kwimemori yokusebenza okukhawulezayo. Ukwenza ukuba bakwazi ukukhupha kunye nokugcina izinto zesoftware.
Zivela phi iihardware?
Izixhobo zekhompyutha ziyinxalenye yotshintsho olubalulekileyo kwezobuchwephesha apho bekufunwa khona ukuba inento ebalulekileyo yokusebenza kwekhompyuter. Ukuvela kwayo kunokuhlelwa kwizizukulwana ezininzi, apho izinto zayo zenziwe nge-elektroniki zekhompyuter.
Yayimiliselwe ekuqaleni ngeetyhubhu zokucoca, ezi zizinto ze-elektroniki eziguqula umqondiso wombane kwisithuba esingenanto. Kweso sithuba ii-elektroni zihamba phambi kweegesi ezikhethekileyo.
Emva kwexesha yayiqhubeka ukuze i-transistors kunye ne-logic zikwindlela ecekeceke, zisenza ukuphunyezwa okuncinci kakhulu kuphuculwe. Emva koko, watshintshela kuleyo yayijolise ngokukodwa kwizinto ezithile zombane kwisekethe enye.
Kule minyaka ingamashumi idlulileyo kunzima ngakumbi ukukwazi ukwahlula ukumiliselwa okutsha, kuba utshintsho lwabo beluthe chu kwaye bagcina ukuqhubeka, Oko kukuthi, banolandelelwano kwezo bezisele zisetyenziswa ngaphambili.
Ngesi sizathu, ngoku kukho imijikelezo edityanisiweyo nakwizinga elikhulu, ukuze ikwazi ukubuyisela ezinye izinto ezingakhange zisebenze. Okwangoku kukho ii-microprocessors ezenza ukuba uyilo lwakhe lube lolunye lwempumelelo kwimarike.
Ukongeza, akubalulekanga kangako ukuqaqambisa ukubonakala kweesekethe ezihlanganisiweyo ezingakhange zithethe utshintsho kwangoko kunye nokunyamalala ngokukhawuleza kwezixhobo ezisekwe kwizikali zokudibanisa, ngenxa yesi sizathu uninzi lwezi, ekusebenzeni, zidibanise ngempumelelo ezi iyasebenza.
Ziintoni iimpawu zayo zezixhobo zehardware?
I-Hardware inokuhlelwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kuba zizixhobo ezivumela ikhompyuter ukuba inxibelelane nabangaphandle, oko kukuthi, ukuhambisa ulwazi kunye nedatha ngaphandle. Ngesi sizathu, siza kukubonisa iimpawu zayo ezintle apha ngezantsi.
Enye yeendlela enokuthi yahlulwe ngayo ziindidi zayo, yeyona iphambili kwaye iyancedisa. Eyona iphambili yile ibandakanya iseti yonke yezinto eziyimfuneko ekusebenzeni kwekhompyuter, kwaye enye ehambelana noko isetyenziselwa ukwenza imisebenzi ekhethekileyo kwaye iyimfuneko engqongqo.
Eyona ndlela iqhelekileyo yokuhlela i-Hardware isekwe kwiimpawu zayo kunye nokusebenza. Igalelo lelo ligubungela nasiphi na isixhobo esinegalelo ledatha esetyenzisiweyo okanye ehlalutyiweyo ukuze, ngale ndlela, zigcinwe kwimemori esembindini yekhompyuter.
Umsebenzi wokuvelisa ufana nomsebenzi wokufaka, kodwa, ngokuchaseneyo, banenjongo yokuhambisa ulwazi kumsebenzisi, oko kukuthi, lowo uthumela ulwazi lomzimba kubasebenzisi. Ukulungiswa kwelinye icala yenye yeenkqubo ezenza ukuba ulwazi luhlolwe ngokwento enikiweyo.
Eminye imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yile ikuvumela ukuba ugcine ulwazi olugqithiselwe kwilaptop, kunye nememori ye-USB. IiHybrids zezo zidibanisa imisebenzi yegalelo kunye nemveliso ukufumana yonke idatha abayithumelayo.
Ekusebenzeni kwayo kukho iindlela ezintathu ezibalulekileyo ezinesixhobo sehardware, oko kukuthi, isiseko, ukuhambelana kunye nokugcinwa. Isiseko sibalulekile kuba sinika ubuncinci ukusebenza kwecompyuter, ezihambelana nazo zisetyenziselwa imisebenzi ethile, kwaye ezo zigciniweyo kukugcina ulwazi olukwisixhobo.
Eminye yemizekelo esisiseko yeyokuba isiseko yinto yangaphandle efana nokubek'esweni okanye imouse, iikhamera ezincedisayo, iskena, umshicileli okanye ii-microphones kunye nokugcinwa kwazo sele sele kufana nediski enzima.
Kwaye, ke xa sifika kumacandelo aphambili ayinanto ngaphandle kwebhodi yomama, inkumbulo, amandla, ibhetri, ifeni, amazibuko, iiprosesa, ibhasi yedatha, abafundi, njl. Ukuba ulithandile inqaku, ndiyakumema ukuba ufunde: Izicelo zokuzenzekelayo zeOfisi Zintoni kwaye ziyintoni? Ndiyazi ukuba uza kuyithanda.