Iibhetri zeseli zeqhosha luhlobo lwe encinci, ibhetri yecylindrical esetyenzisiweyo izimvo kwizixhobo zombane ezincinci, njengeewotshi, izixhobo zokubala, izixhobo zokuva, iithoyi, izixhobo zonyango, kunye nezinye izixhobo eziphathwayo. Ezi bhetri zifumana igama lazo kwimilo yazo, efana neyeqhosha.
Zisebenza njani iibhetri zeeseli zeqhosha?
Iiseli zamaqhosha zenziwe nge electrode positive kunye electrode negative, ezahlulwe yinwebu okanye isahluli. Izinto ezisetyenziselwa i-electrode ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwebhetri, kodwa ngokubanzi iintsimbi ezifana ne-zinc, i-lithium okanye isilivere zisetyenziswa. Yena i-electrolyte isetyenziswe kwezi bhetri inokuba sisisombululo solwelo okanye ijeli.
Amandla aveliswa yi-chemical reaction phakathi kwezinto ze-electrode kunye ne-electrolyte. Le mpendulo ikhupha ii-electron ezihamba kwisekethe yangaphandle, zivelisa umbane. Njengoko i-chemical reaction iqhubeka, izinto ze-electrode ziphelile., enciphisa imveliso yamandla de ekugqibeleni ibhetri iphelelwe ngokupheleleyo.
Uhlobo ngalunye lweseli yeqhosha lunobomi obahlukileyo kunye ne-voltage, kwaye oku kugqiba ukufaneleka kwayo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.
Iintlobo zeebhetri zeqhosha
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeebhetri zeeseli zeqhosha, nganye ineempawu ezizodwa ezenza ukuba zilungele izicelo ezahlukeneyo. Nazi ezinye zezona ntlobo zeeseli zeqhosha eziqhelekileyo:
- Iibhetri zeSilver oxide (SR): ezi bhetri zixhaphakile kwiiwotshi, izixhobo zokubala, kunye nezinye izixhobo zombane ezincinci. Banobomi obude kwaye baziwa ngokugcina amandla ombane azinzileyo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, okubenza balungele usetyenziso olufuna amandla ombane rhoqo.
- Iibhetri zeMercury oxide (HgO): ezi bhetri zinombane ozinzile kunye nobomi obude, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwazo kulinganiselwe kumazwe amaninzi ngenxa yeenkxalabo zokusingqongileyo. Kwiindawo ezininzi, zitshintshwa ziibhetri ze-oxide zesilivere.
- Iibhetri zeLithium (CR): ezi bhetri zixhaphakile kwizixhobo zombane eziphathwayo ezifana neekhamera, izixhobo zonyango, kunye nezixhobo ezirekhodiweyo. Banikezela ngamandla amakhulu kunye nobomi benkonzo ende.
- Iibhetri zomoya weZinc: ezi bhetri zixhaphakile kwizixhobo zokuva kunye nezinye izixhobo zonyango. Ziyaziwa ngokuphila kwazo ixesha elide kunye nokukwazi ukubonelela ngamandla azinzileyo kwaye azinzile.
- Iibhetri zealkaline (LR): ezi bhetri zixhaphakile kwizinto zokudlala nakwezinye izixhobo zombane ezincinci. Banikezela ixesha elihle kwaye bayindlela yoqoqosho.
- Iibhetri ze-lithium ion (i-Li-ion) ezinokutshajwa kwakhona: ezi bhetri zixhaphakile kwiiselfowuni, iilaptop, kunye nezinye izixhobo zombane eziphathwayo. Banikezela ngoxinaniso lwamandla aphezulu kwaye lukhetho oluluhlaza kuneebhetri ezingahlaziyo.
Uhlobo ngalunye lwebhetri yeseli yeqhosha lunezinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo. Xa ukhetha ibhetri, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ubomi bebhetri, amandla ombane, ixabiso, kunye nefuthe lokusingqongileyo.
Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kwiibhetri zeqhosha
- Iiwotshi: iibhetri zeseli iqhosha zixhaphakile kwiiwotshi ze-analog kunye nedijithali, zinika amandla ezandla kunye nokubonisa.
- Iikhaltyhuleyitha: ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiipokotho zokubala kunye nezinye izixhobo zemathematika.
- Izinto zokudlala: iibhetri ezininzi iqhosha cell zisetyenziswa zokudlala elektroniki kunye nezinye izixhobo zabantwana.
- Izinto zokuncedisa ukuva: Kwakhona, iiseli zeqhosha zisetyenziselwa izixhobo zokuva kunye nezinye izixhobo zonyango ezifuna umbane omncinci, oqhubekayo.
- Izixhobo zokhuseleko: zikwasetyenziswa kwizixhobo zokhuseleko ezifana nezixhobo zokubona umsi kunye neenkqubo ze-alam.
- Consumer electronics: Zisetyenziswa kwizixhobo zombane zabathengi ezifana nolawulo olukude kunye nezinye izixhobo zolawulo lombane.
- Isibane: ezinye iibhetri iqhosha cell zisetyenziswa iithotshi, izibane, kunye nezinye izixhobo zokukhanyisa ezincinane.
Ngokubanzi, iiseli zeqhosha zisetyenziselwa izixhobo zombane ezifuna umthombo wamandla odibeneyo kunye nexesha elide. Nangona iseli nganye yeqhosha inobomi obahlukileyo kunye nombane, uninzi lunokusetyenziswa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo zombane.
Iingcebiso zokwandisa ubomi beebhetri zeeseli zeqhosha.
- Ugcino olululo: Gcina iibhetri zeeseli zeqhosha kwindawo epholileyo, eyomileyo kude nelanga kunye nokufuma. Ukutyhileka kubushushu kunye nokufuma kunokukhawulezisa ukukhutshwa kwebhetri kwaye kunciphise ubomi bebhetri.
- Uqhawulo: Ukuba isixhobo sombane asizukusetyenziswa ixesha elide, sikhuphe kwibhetri ukuthintela ukuphuma kwebhetri.
- Cima: Cima isixhobo sombane xa singasetyenziswa ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kombane.
- Ukucoca: Coca ibhetri kunye nabafowunelwa besixhobo sombane rhoqo ukuze uqinisekise uqhagamshelo olulungileyo kwaye uthintele ukugcwala kothuli kunye nobumdaka.
- Ukuhambelana: Sebenzisa iqhosha lebhetri elihambelana nesixhobo sombane. Iibhetri zeqhosha ezinomthamo ongaphantsi kwalowo ufunwa sisixhobo zinokukhupha ngokukhawuleza kwaye zinciphise ubomi bazo obuluncedo.
- ICarga: Ungaze uzame ukutshaja iibhetri zeeseli zeqhosha. Aziphinda zitshajwe kwaye azenzelwanga ukumelana nokutshaja kombane.
Ngokulandela ezi ngcebiso, unokwandisa ubomi beebhetri zeselfowuni yakho kwaye unciphise isidingo sokuzitshintsha rhoqo.
Ukhuseleko xa usebenzisa iibhetri zeqhosha
Iibhetri zamaqhosha zinokukhuseleka ukuba nje zisetyenziswa kakuhle. Nazi ezinye iingcebiso zokhuseleko ekufuneka uzigcine engqondweni xa usebenzisa iibhetri yeqhosha:
- Zigcine kude nabantwana kunye nezilwanyana zasekhaya: Iibhetri zamaqhosha zinokuba yingozi xa ziginyiwe. Qiniseka ukuba uzigcina kwindawo ekhuselekileyo apho abantwana kunye nezilwanyana zasekhaya bangenakufikelela kuzo.
- Musa ukusika okanye ukugqobhoza: Musa ukusika okanye ukugqobhoza iibhetri zeeseli, njengoko oku kunokubangela ukuba iikhemikhali ezingaphakathi zivuze. Ukuba ibhetri yonakele nangayiphi na indlela, kufuneka ilahlwe ngokukhuselekileyo.
- Musa ukuxubana nezinye iintlobo zeebhetri: Musa ukudibanisa iiseli zeqhosha kunye nezinye iibhetri, njengoko oku kunokubangela umonakalo kwizixhobo zombane kwaye kubangele ukuvuza.
- Lahla iibhetri zeeseli zeqhosha ngokufanelekileyo: Iibhetri zeeseli zeqhosha kufuneka zihlaziywe ngokufanelekileyo kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo. Ungaze uzilahle kwinkunkuma eqhelekileyo.
Siyathemba ukuba eli nqaku libe luncedo kuwe kwaye ngoku unolwazi oluthe kratya malunga neqhosha leebhetri zeseli Ukuba kunjalo, sicebisa ukuba undwendwele inqaku lethu kwezinye iibhetri. iintlobo zeebhetri enokuba nomdla kuwe.