Ngaba uyazi ukuba unako susa intsholongwane kwi-PC ngaphandle kokufomatha? Kweli nqaku siza kukubonisa ezona ndlela zokwenza ngokuchanekileyo, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa lwazi olucaphukisayo.
Indlela esebenzayo yokukhusela ulwazi.
Susa intsholongwane kwi-PC ngaphandle kokufomatha
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ukuba njani susa intsholongwane kwi-PC ngaphandle kokufomatha, ukwindawo elungileyo, kuba apha siza kukuxelela indlela yokuyiphumeza ngaphandle kokulahla ulwazi. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi kokungena kumcimbi, kubalulekile ukuba sikhumbule ezinye zezinto ezinxulumene noko, zezi zilandelayo:
Virus
Ngokubanzi, sinokuthi intsholongwane yecompyuter yinkqubo, okanye inxenye yayo, eyilelwe ngokukodwa ukwenza umonakalo wenjongo ekusebenzeni kwekhompyuter. Ukongeza, umsebenzi wayo kukuvelisa kwakhona nokusasaza ngendlela ekhawulezayo, ngendlela enokuthi ichaphazele inani elikhulu lezinto ezikule nkqubo ikhompyuter.
Kwelinye icala, ukongeza kwiintsholongwane, sineeTrojans, eziluhlobo lwekhowudi enobungozi efuna ukonakalisa ngokungangqalanga ikhompyuter. Ngamanye amagama, baba ngumlamli phakathi kwekhompyuter eyosulelekileyo kunye nekhompyuter; banesakhono sokusasaza ngokuvelisa iikopi ezahlukeneyo.
Ngolwazi oluthe kratya kwesi sihloko sibalulekileyo, unokufunda inqaku elinesihloko: Iintsholongwane ezintlanu eziyingozi kakhulu embalini, apho uya kufumana zonke iinkcukacha malunga nenye nganye yazo.
Iintsholongwane: Inkqubo eyilelwe ukonakalisa ukusebenza kweekhompyuter.
Ukuvela kweentsholongwane
Ngokubanzi, iintsholongwane zekhompyuter zavela kwii-80s zakuqala, kwakamsinya emva kokuphehlelelwa ngokusesikweni kweekhompyuter zakho. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba intsholongwane yokuqala yayililingo lobuchwephesha, injongo yayo yayikukubonisa italente yabadali bayo.
Kule meko, okoko yaqala, intsholongwane yecompyuter ithelekiswa neentsholongwane zebhayiloji, ngakumbi ukukwazi kwazo ukuvelisa nokusasazeka ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, umbono wenkqubo enekhowudi kulwimi oluthile lwenkqubo, olwalunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwiikhompyuter, lwasasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwihlabathi liphela.
Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka kamva ilizwe laqonda ukuba ikhowudi enobungozi indala kunokuba bekucingwa ngaphambili. Ukuqonda ngelo xesha ubukho bangaphambili beprojekthi ebizwa ngokuba yi: Creeper inkqubo yokulinga, ethathwa namhlanje njengenganduleli yeentsholongwane zekhompyuter.
Ukongeza, kwakwesinye ishumi leminyaka lama-80 kwabakho elinye ilinge, ngeli xesha yayiyintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-Elk Cloner. Njengomdla onomdla, singachaza ukuba le ntsholongwane ithe yakwazi ukushiya elebhu apho yayenziwe khona, yayisisiphumo sokuqhula phakathi kwabahlobo.
Nangona kunjalo, zazingekafiki iminyaka eliqela kamva ukuba iinkcukacha zokuqala zobuchwephesha ezixhasa uyilo lweentsholongwane zekhompyuter zazisiwe. Kwakungelo xesha ke apho indalo eyalandelayo yeekhowudi ezinobungozi yanikwa ikhredithi.
Okokugqibela, ukusukela kwimiboniso yokuqala yezobuchwephesha siqhubela phambili kwiintsholongwane esizaziyo namhlanje. Kule meko, sinokuthi ziyingozi kwaye ziyabulala ngokunxulumene nokusebenza kweekhompyuter.
Umonakalo obangelwa ziintsholongwane
Ubungakanani bomonakalo obangelwe ziintsholongwane ubukhulu becala buxhomekeke kubungakanani bazo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokubanzi, sinokuthi intsholongwane iyakwazi ukucima lonke ulwazi oluqulathwe kwikhompyuter, ukuvimba imisebenzi okanye iinkqubo zenkqubo yokusebenza, ukwala ukufikelela kwizixhobo, phakathi kwabanye.
Ukongeza, ndiyakumema ukuba ubukele le vidiyo ilandelayo oya kuthi ufumane kuyo ulwazi olunxulumene nokuvela kweentsholongwane zekhompyuter.
Ukhuseleko lwekhompyuter
Ngokubanzi, ukhuseleko kwikhompyuter linoxanduva lokunciphisa umngcipheko onxulumene nolwazi, abasebenzisi kunye nesiseko senkqubo yekhompyuter. Nangona kunjalo, ngokungqinelana nesihloko esikufutshane, siya kugxila kuphela kwizisulu ezinxulumene nolwazi kwikhompyuter.
Ngale ndlela, xa sithetha susa intsholongwane kwi-PC ngaphandle kokufomatha, sibhekisa kwindlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko obangela ukulahleka kolwazi. Ngenxa yoko, iintshukumo esiza kuzichaza ziyahambelana nendlela yokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwayo.
Zisuleleka njani iikhompyutha?
Esinye sezizathu zokuqala zosulelo lwentsholongwane kwiikhompyuter kukungabikho kwephasiwedi okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, nobuthathaka babo. Kule meko, kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuba zintathu iindidi zezitshixo ezibalulekileyo: ukufikelela kwi-BIOS, ukufikelela kwinkqubo yokusebenza kunye nescreen senkqubo yokusebenza.
Kwelinye icala, umthetho olandelwayo weNetBIOS yenye into ebangela intsholongwane, kuba nangona ingabonakali, iqhagamsheleke ngokubanzi kwizibuko le-139. Ngale ndlela, kuyenzeka ukuba intsholongwane ingene kwikhompyuter xa sabelana ngeefayile kunye nabashicileli kwi Ngale ndlela, kwi-Intanethi.
Iintsholongwane zihamba ikakhulu ngeposi yewebhu.
Ukongeza, sineentsholongwane ezivela kwii-imeyile, ngakumbi ezo zivela kwi-imeyile yeWebhu, engathembekanga kwaye ikhuselekile. Kule meko, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba uninzi lolwaphulo-mthetho olunxulumene nalo mbono lubangelwa kukungenelela ngemibuzo yezokhuseleko.
Ngokufanayo, xa ikhompyuter ingenazo izihluzo ze-antispam, ukubakho kosulelo lwentsholongwane kuyanda. Kwenzeka into efanayo xa i-antivirus yekhompyuter iphelelwe lixesha okanye ingalungelanga uhlobo ngalunye lwentsholongwane.
Kwelinye icala, umthombo owomeleleyo wosulelo lwentsholongwane wenziwe ziiyunithi zokugcina ulwazi, eziqondwa njengeedrive hard, ipen drive, phakathi kwabanye. Ngendlela efanayo, uqhagamshelo lweBluetooth kunye neWiFi zinegalelo kakhulu kwinto yokuba izixhobo zethu zinokuphela zosulelwa ziintsholongwane.
Kuthetha ntoni ukususa ii-PC virus ngaphandle kokufomatha?
Njengoko besitshilo, susa intsholongwane kwi-PC ngaphandle kokufomatha yindlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko; Nangona kunjalo, ikwayindlela yokufumanisa ukungena. Kule nkalo, eyona njongo iphambili yale ndlela kukufumana eyona ndawo apho uhlaselo lwenzeke khona, kunye nokuchonga zonke iintlobo zomsebenzi ezithathwa njengezikrokrela.
Kwangolu hlobo lunye, kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuba kungena kuyo nayiphi na into engekho mthethweni okanye isenzo esenziweyo ngokuchasene nabuphi na ubutyebi bekhompyuter. Kule meko, kwiimeko ezininzi, le misebenzi ithathwa njengokunganyaniseki kwaye ayinalo naluphi na ugunyaziso.
Uyisusa njani intsholongwane kwi-PC ngaphandle kokufomatha?
Njengoko sele sibonile, intsholongwane echaphazela iikhompyuter zethu inokuvela kwizizathu ezahlukeneyo. Ke, kusengqiqweni ukucinga ukuba kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuphelisa ii-virus ze-PC ngaphandle kokufomatha, phakathi kwazo sinoku kulandelayo:
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-antivirus kunye ne-anti Trojans
Ngokuqinisekileyo into yokuqala ethi qatha engqondweni xa sicinga ngayo susa intsholongwane kwi-PC ngaphandle kokufomatha, Kukusebenzisa i-antivirus efanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, bambalwa abantu abaziyo ukuba kungcono ukufaka iintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, ukuba nje aziphikisani.
Kubalulekile ukuba ube nentsholongwane esebenzayo nehlaziyiweyo.
Ngale ndlela, intsholongwane inye ikhathalela ukuskena okuqhelekileyo kunye nokunye ukufumanisa iintsholongwane ezibizwa ngokuba zilele. Ngenxa yoko, kunokwenzeka ukuba intsholongwane iyasuswa, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha iyakwazi ukuguqula kwaye ihlasele i-antivirus uqobo.
Ukuba kunjalo, indlela efanelekileyo yoku susa intsholongwane kwi-PC ngaphandle kokufomatha Kukuqalisa kwekhompyuter kwimowudi ekhuselekileyo nenethiwekhi. Ngale ndlela, sinokwenza ukuskena okunzulu kwiWebhu, sinciphise ukuba intsholongwane ingene kwimodyuli ebalulekileyo kwikhompyuter.
Kwelinye icala, njengoko sijonge isisombululo sokuphelisa intsholongwane, kufuneka sicinge ngeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo yokubulala iTrojans. Ke ngoko, eyona nto icetyiswayo kukufaka inkqubo ekhethekileyo ekufumaneni ikhowudi enobungozi; Nangona kunjalo, i-firewall nayo ibalulekile.
Kule meko, i-firewall luhlobo lwe-blocker ebonakalayo emi phakathi kwekhompyuter kunye nenethiwekhi. Ngale ndlela, xa iTrojan ilawula ukuba ingafunyanwa, udonga olubonakalayo luxanduva lokunciphisa ukufikelela kulo.
Ukususwa kwintsholongwane ngesandla, ngaphandle kwentsholongwane
Ngokwenyani, akusoloko kunokwenzeka ukuba ube ne-antivirus ngexesha elifanelekileyo okanye, kwezinye iimeko, le sinayo iphelelwe lixesha. Ngale ndlela, ukuba le yimeko yethu, akufuneki siphulukane nengqondo, kuba singaziphelisa ngesandla ii-virus ze-PC ngaphandle kokufomatha.
Myalelo wokususa intsholongwane.
Ke ngoko, eyona nto siyifunayo kukuba nolwazi olusisiseko lwekhompyuter kunye nomonde omncinci, kuba intsholongwane okanye i-malware zithambekele ekuziboniseni ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngoku, sele sithethile, ngoku siza kuchaza inkqubo emayilandelwe.
Okokuqala, kufuneka sichonge indawo yentsholongwane eyosulele ikhompyuter yethu. Ukwenza oku, sijonga irejista yamangeniso enkqubo, ahlala ehlengahlengiswa ngokuzenzekelayo ngalo lonke ixesha i-malware isebenza kwikhompyuter yethu.
Kule meko, kufuneka usebenzise i-logo ye-Win + R, evula ibhokisi ehambelana ne-Run. Okulandelayo, sibhala: msconfig kwaye ucinezela iqhosha lokungena.
Ifestile elandelayo isibonisa uluhlu olunazo zonke iinkqubo, usetyenziso kunye neenkonzo ezenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngalo lonke ixesha ikhompyutha iqala. Ngale ndlela, ngaphakathi kukhetho olunxulumene neenkonzo esiqinisekisa ngazo ukuba likho na igama elibonakala ngathi liyakrokra kuthi.
Kule meko, ukuba kunjalo, sikopa kwaye sincamathisele igama kwibar yokukhangela kuGoogle, ngethemba lokuba liyichonga njengentsholongwane okanye njengenkqubo yesiqhelo yenkonzo. Kwimeko yokuqala, into elandelayo kukukhubaza ukhetho lokuqala oluzenzekelayo.
Okokugqibela, enye indlela esebenzayo kukuya kuMphathi weNkqubo yoMsebenzi kwaye ngaphakathi kuyo uyeke ukwenziwa kwenkqubo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokobume bentsholongwane, ezi zenzo zinokwanela, ukuba kunjalo, kufuneka siyicime ikhompyuter ngendlela ekhuselekileyo.
Ukususwa kweefayile ezosulelekileyo zintsholongwane
Ngokubanzi, ezinye iintsholongwane ziyilelwe ukuba zingabonakali xa zisetwa ngesandla. Kule meko, olu hlobo lwefayile lunokudideka nefayile efihliweyo okanye enye yenkqubo.
Susa ingxaki kwingcambu.
Ukuba kunjalo, ukhetho esinalo kukuya kwiWindows Explorer kwaye sijonge kwimenyu yokhetho oluhambelana nezixhobo. Xa sele silapho, siya kukhetho lweFolda kwaye ucofe apho ithi Bonisa iifayile ezifihliweyo kunye neefolda.
Emva koko, asikhangeli ibhokisi ebizwa ngokuba: Fihla iifayile ezikhuselweyo kwinkqubo. Emva kwexesha, sinokukhangela ifayile eyosulelekileyo ngendlela eqhelekileyo de siyicime, siqiniseke ukuba siyayicima kwindawo yokuphinda usebenzise kwakhona.
Sebenzisa iMicrosoft Defender
Akusiyo imfihlo kuye nabani na ukuba eyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiikhompyuter zakho yiMicrosoft yeWindows. Ngale ndlela, ayothusi into yokuba ukhetho lwethu lokugqibela lokuphelisa iintsholongwane ze-PC ngaphandle kokufomatha ngokuchanekileyo yiMicrosoft Defender.
Inkqubo yokhuseleko kunye nedatha yokhuseleko lweWindows.
Kule meko, sinayo iMicrosoft Defender ngokucacileyo sisixhobo sokukhusela idatha, enoxanduva lokufumanisa kunye nokukhetha naluphi na uhlobo lwespyware. Ngamanye amagama, yinkqubo ye-antivirus, kunye ne-antispyware, efakwe ngokungagqibekanga kwiinguqulelo zamva nje zeWindows.
Ukongeza kwimisebenzi yayo yesiqhelo njengenkqubo yokhuseleko, iMicrosoft Defender inika umsebenzisi ithuba lokwazisa malunga nayo nayiphi na isoyikiso se-spyware. Ngendlela yokuba impendulo ekhawulezileyo yinkqubo ukufakwa kwazo zonke izicelo kunye nabaqhubi bezixhobo eziyimfuneko ukukhusela ngokuzenzekelayo uhlaselo olo.
Iimpawu zeMicrosoft Defender
Ukuthetha ngokubanzi, iMicrosoft Defender sisixhobo esisebenzayo esiqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwedatha ngokunikezela ngeenkonzo ezithile. Kule meko, oku kunokuqwalaselwa njengeempawu zayo eziphambili: Uhlalutyo lwangoko lwokhuseleko, ukuhambelana ne-Intanethi Explorer kunye nophuhliso lwesoftware yokuhlola.
Ngokufanayo, kule vidiyo ilandelayo unokufunda okungakumbi malunga nezibonelelo zeMicrosoft Defender.
https://youtu.be/zdxzHX16gWQ?t=2
Singazi njani ukuba iPC yethu yosulelwe ziintsholongwane?
Njengomphumo wendlela yokufumanisa ukungenelela esele siyikhankanyile, sineendlela ezintathu zokuqonda ukuba ikhompyuter yethu inentsholongwane. Ukusuka kwinqanaba lobuchwephesha, oku kunokuchazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Uphengululo lwepatheni yokufikelela
Uphengululo lweendlela zokufikelela luqulathe uhlalutyo olunzulu lweeyure zokungena kwabasebenzisi kwinkqubo. Ngendlela yokuba sikwazi ukubona ukuba ukufikelela kuhlala kusenzeka ngaxeshanye, okanye ukuba ikwangumsebenzisi omnye ofikelela rhoqo kwimodyuli efanayo okanye kwinkonzo.
Uphengululo lwentengiselwano
Kwelinye icala, uphononongo lwentengiselwano lubhekisa ekuchongeni ifayile esele izamile ukuyilayisha okanye ikhuphele ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngexesha lokufikelela okungaqhelekanga okuye kwafunyanwa. Ngamanye amagama, ukuba injongo yomhlaseli kukukhwela okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, ebe ulwazi oluthile, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba benze iinzame ezininzi ngaphambi kokuba bafezekise, ngaloo ndlela beveza iinjongo zabo.
Isitshixo esizenzekelayo
Ukutshixa okuzenzekelayo kwinqanaba lokugqibela lenkqubo yokufumanisa ukungena. Oku kubhekisa, ngokusisiseko, ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo yokuthintela imeko kaxakeka, ethintela incopho yokuhlaselwa kwekhompyuter esiphantsi kwayo.
Ukuba ikhompyuter yakho ihamba kancinci, iyazimela yedwa, okanye iziphatha ngendlela engaqhelekanga. ngokuqinisekileyo inentsholongwane.
Okokugqibela, kukho iimpawu ezicacileyo zentsholongwane xa ikhompyuter iqala ngokuziphatha ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Ke, ukucotha ekusebenzeni kwekhompyuter, ukubonakala kweefestile ezizimeleyo ngokuzimela, ukungakwazi ukufikelela kwiakhawunti yethu, phakathi kwezinye izinto, zizimpawu zobukho beentsholongwane zekhompyuter.
Iingcebiso ngokubanzi
Ngokuhambelana nako konke oku sele kutshiwo, sinobuganga bokwenza uthotho lweengcebiso zokugqibela. Phakathi kwabo, oku kulandelayo:
Eyona ndlela yokuthintela usulelo lwentsholongwane kukuthobela imigaqo yokhuseleko kwikhompyuter.
Faka enye yezi zintsholongwane zimbini: I-Karpersky okanye i-NOD 32, ethi nangona yenzelwe ukuhlasela intsholongwane yesiqhelo, inokuthi ngokuchaseneyo nefuthe lezinye iiTrojans. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba sinenkqubo yokwenyani ye-antitrojan, enokuthi yona ibe sisiCoci.
Ukongeza, ukuba sibhenela kukhetho lokwenza iskena esivela kwiWebhu, iPanda yenye yeendlela zethu ezizezinye malunga noku. Nangona kunjalo, unokukhetha nayiphi na enye inkqubo ehambelana neemfuno zakho.
Kwelinye icala, kubalulekile ukwenza izixhobo ze-antispam; ngohlobo lokuba bathintele ukwamkelwa kwee-imeyile ezingafunekiyo, ezihlala zithwala iintsholongwane eziyingozi. Ukongeza, kufuneka siqhele ukukhusela lonke ulwazi lwethu olubuthathaka, ukuze abangeneleli bangabinakho ukufikelela kulo.
Okokugqibela, ndiyakumema ukuba ufunde inqaku lethu elibizwa: Imigangatho yokhuseleko lwekhompyuter kwiwebhu, apho unokufumana lonke ulwazi olunxulumene neentlobo zentsholongwane zekhompyuter kunye nokunye okuninzi.