Amanyathelo okugcina ikhompyuter

Funda kulo lonke eli nqaku amanyathelo ahlukeneyo ukugcinwa kokuthintela ikhompyuter kwaye uphephe iingxaki ezizayo. Kule posi uya kufunda konke malunga nezi ngcebiso zibalulekileyo zolondolozo olusisiseko lwekhompyuter, ke silandele ukufumana iinkcukacha ezithe kratya.

Amanyathelo olondolozo olusisiseko lwekhompyuter

Into yokuqala ekufuneka siyichazile kukuba njengoko ixesha lihamba, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba iPC icothe kwaye iqale ukungasebenzi kakuhle. Inqaku leli lokuba siza kuyinika ingqwalaselo eyimfuneko kwaye siyise kubuchwephesha ngaphambi kokuba "ingasebenzi". Kutheni le nto iPC isilela? Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuthintela igcisa ekulungiseni iPC? Kodwa kunyanzelekile ukuba uye kugqithiso, kutheni ungakuphephi ukuchitha imali eninzi okanye ekhathazayo kubasebenzisi.

Ngoku, njengoko igama lisitsho, ulondolozo "lokuthintela" iseti yemisebenzi eyenziweyo kwikhompyuter ngenjongo "yokuthintela" ikhompyuter ukuba ingasebenzi kakuhle kwaye yandise ubomi besixhobo.

Kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezahlukeneyo:

Inani leeyure zomsebenzi ngosuku, uhlobo lomsebenzi (usetyenziso) ekwenzeni, indawo yemisebenzi yokufaka (ukuba kukho uthuli, ubushushu, phakathi kwabanye.), Iimeko ngokubanzi (ukuba sisixhobo esitsha okanye isixhobo esisetyenziswa rhoqo) kunye oko kwafunyanwa ngexesha lolondolozo lokugqibela.

Ngaphambi kokwenza ulondolozo lothintelo kufuneka sifumane iingcebiso ngokhuseleko:

• Musa ukunxiba amakhonkco okanye ubucwebe.
• Sebenzisa i-antistatic handle.
• Sebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kwaye uzilungiselele.
• Gcina indawo yokusebenzela icocekile.
• Hlela izinto eziye zachithwa.

Izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ulondolozo

Kwisiqendu esilandelayo siza kukhankanya ezinye izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza iifayile ze ukugcinwa kokuthintela ikhompyuter:

• Iscrewdriver:

Ziluncedo ekuvuleni ikhabhathi okanye ekususeni nayiphi na indawo yangaphakathi, ngokukhethekileyo, kufuneka zibe zincinci kwaye ziphakathi ngobukhulu kwaye, ukuba kunokwenzeka, zibe nomphezulu othe tyaba kunye nomnye umnqamlezo.

• Iincam zokunyanzelwa:

Kungcono ukusebenzisa iziqwengana zeplastiki, zisetyenziselwa ukunqamla izinto zangaphakathi zePC.

• Izikhongozeli ezincinci:

Ezi ziyimfuneko ukubeka iinxalenye ezincinci ukuba zisuswe ngexesha lokudibanisa. Ezi zihlala zizi-screws, kodwa kubalulekile ukubahlula kwaye ukuba kunokwenzeka, unokumakisha amagama eendawo ezihambelana nesikhongozeli, ukuze singachithi xesha lokufumanisa ukuba zeziphi izikroba ezikwindawo ethile ngexesha lendibano.

• Incwadana kunye nepensile:

Ukuba asizizo iingcali okanye asinayo inkumbulo eyoneleyo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba wenze umzobo wolungelelwaniso lwezinto ngaphambi kokuqhekeza nasiphi na isixhobo okanye ikhabhathi, ukuze yonke into ihlale injalo ngexesha lendibano, kuba ukuzisusa kungathintela ukusebenza kwe izixhobo.

• Ibhanti yesandla esichasayo:

Oku kwenzelwa ukuthintela ukothuka kombane emzimbeni ukuya kwikhompyuter, kuba oku kungonakalisa naliphi na icandelo lekhompyuter.

• Ifayile encinci:

Ngamanye amaxesha, njengoko ixesha lihamba, ezinye iikhompyuter ziya kuvelisa iimpazamo, ke kufuneka zigcinwe kwindawo yazo ukuze zisebenze ngcono.

• Ibhrashi eyi-3 cm:

Isetyenziselwa ukususa uthuli kwizinto ezithile.

• Ukucima:

Oku kusetyenziselwa ukucoca ikhadi, kubalulekile ukuligudisa ukuze ungonakalisi ikhadi.

• Swabs:

Zisetyenziselwa ukucoca izinto ezibuthathaka kakhulu ezinje ngeedrive drive.

• Amalaphu omqhaphu:

Zisetyenziselwa ukususa uthuli okanye ukusebenzisa iikhemikhali zokucoca.

• Ukubetha:

Esi blower sisetyenziselwa ukususa uthuli kwizinto zePC ngaphandle kokonakalisa okanye ungasebenzisa isicoci esincinci.

• Iingxowa ze-Antistatic:

Ku luncedo kakhulu ukuba nesicoci esincinci, kuba emva kokucoca isixhobo ngasinye, inokuqokelela ngokulula uthuli olususwe kunye nobumdaka ukuthintela ukuba ingabuyeli kwikhompyuter okanye kwindawo yokusebenza kwesixhobo.

Phambi kokuqala kwesondlo sothintelo

• Jonga i-hard drive nge-SCANDISK.
• Ukuba une-multimedia efakiweyo, ungasebenzisa i-CD yomculo ukuyivavanya, enokujonga ukuba izithethi kunye nokuqhuba ziqhelekile na.
• Vavanya zonke izinto ezifakwa kwimida. Phambi kokuba uqalise ukuqaqa isixhobo, kungcono ukuba uthathe ixesha elincinci ukumisela ukusebenza ngokuchanekileyo kwekhompyuter kunye nezixhobo zayo.
• Xa uqhaqha inkqubo, kuya kufuneka uphathe ngenkathalo izikhonkwane zenkqubo. Ayizizo zonke izikhundla ezenzelwe ngezikrufu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwahlula ngokucacileyo phakathi kwemigca ebhityileyo nengqindilili.

Eyona njongo iphambili ye ukugcinwa kokuthintela ikhompyuter Ayisiyonto yokudibanisa kwaye iphinda idibanise, kodwa ukucoca, ukuthambisa kunye nokulinganisa izixhobo. Izinto ezinjengothuli ziyingozi kwizinto zombane, ngakumbi izinto ezihambayo ezinje ngeemoto kunye neefeni.

Izilumkiso

• Musa ukubeka ikhompyuter ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo apho kukho ubushushu okanye umoya opholileyo.
• Musa ukubeka le nkqubo kufutshane nomthombo wobumanzi onokuwa okanye ushiyeke. Oku kubandakanya ukuvula iifestile apho amanzi emvula anokuvulwa khona, asezantsi amaqondo obushushu, kokukhona kunokwenzeka ukuba kwakhiwe umbane ongashukumiyo.
• Sukugcina iifayile zedatha kulawulo olufanayo okanye kwifowulda njengesicelo esifakelweyo.
• Sukuxhomekeka kwiseti enye yediski.
• Khuphela idiski yenkqubo yoqobo, zonke iidiski kunye nedatha yokufaka usetyenziso.
• Ungakholelwa kwimemori yakho. Gcina ilog eneenkcukacha kuseto lwenkqubo yakho ukugcina umkhondo walo lonke utshintsho olwenziwe kwiPC yakho (nokuba incinci kangakanani).
• Musa ukuqhagamshela i-PC okanye nasiphi na isixhobo sayo ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo yokuphuma yombane. Endaweni yoko, qhagamshela inkqubo kwenye okanye nangaphezulu "kwabakhuseli bokunyuka" okanye kwi-UPS enye okanye nangaphezulu.
• Sukususa usetyenziso ngesandla, nanini na kunokwenzeka, sebenzisa isixhobo sokukhipha esiza neWindows okanye usebenzise isixhobo esingafunekiyo esiza nesicelo ofuna ukusisusa.

Kutheni le nto ipc isilela?

Kumqolo olandelayo ndiza kukuxelela ukuba ungayinika njani ukugcinwa kokuthintela ikhompyuter ilungele ipc, ngamanyathelo asixhenxe asisiseko:

Ukucocwa kwangaphakathi kwePC:

Ngexesha lokucoca, intambo yegalelo kufuneka ibekelwe bucala kumthombo wekhompyuter, zonke izixhobo ezinxulunyaniswe nekhompyuter mazicinywe, intambo yesixhobo esinezixhobo nayo kufuneka ibekelwe bucala, kwaye kufuneka sisuse isiciko secala ukubona iindawo. .

Ukusetyenziswa kwebhande lesihlahla esi-antistatic ukwenza ukulungiswa okanye ukwenza ulondolozo kuthintelo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nalo.

Sebenzisa umoya oxineneyo ukufakela umoya kuzo zonke iindawo eziqwalaselweyo; unikezelo lombane lwecompyuter lolona lunothuli oluninzi, ke umoya oxinzelelweyo kufuneka ugxunyekwe kwimingxunya yokuhambisa umbane.

Jonga izihlanganisi zangaphakathi (iindawo zonxibelelwano ngentambo) zePC ukuqinisekisa ukuba azikhululekanga. Amanyathelo afanayo ayasebenza kwiibhodi ze-RAM kunye neemodyuli zememori; Ukudibana okungalunganga kunokubangela ukuba iPC iphazamise kwaye iphinde iqale.

Jonga izihlanganisi zangaphakathi zePC:

Qinisekisa ukuba ziqinile kwaye azikhululekanga. Jonga ukuba ikhadi lolwandiso kunye nemodyuli yememori zidityaniswe ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukucoca i-PC esweni:

Kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuvulwe iliso le-PC kuphela xa kufuneka lilungisiwe, kuba emva kokucima ikhompyuter, igcina amandla amaninzi, anokuba yingozi. Ukuba oku akunjalo, vele uvuthele umoya ngeefestile kwaye ucoce isikrini kunye nefilitha, isihluzi somnatha sanele, nceda ucoce iscreen ngendwangu eyomileyo, engenanto.

Yiya kwimouse nakwikhibhodi:

Emazantsi eempuku enye okanye ezingaphezulu, kukho isiciko esinokuvulwa, yiguqulele kwicala eliboniswe kwisiciko esinye, sebenzisa ilaphu le-muslin engenantloko kunye neshafti ukucoca ibhola yangaphakathi kunye nokuphepha naluphi na uhlobo amasuntswana ancamathele kuyo.

Ukuba iyimpuku ebonakalayo, soloko ugcina iphedi ecocekileyo (okanye sebenzisa indawo yepad - oku kusebenza kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwempuku) kwaye kuthintele amasuntswana athintela ilensi.

Kwibhodi yezitshixo, yibeke ujonge ezantsi kwaye ufake umoya phakathi kwezitshixo zayo ukususa uthuli kunye nezinto zangaphandle, izitshixo akufuneki zisuswe, kwaye zinokucocwa ngokudlula kwiphepha elincinci elityongwe kwisepha yolwelo phakathi kwabo.

I-Cd-Rom, i-dvd, i-Cd, iRam:

Kuba zonke zinezixhobo zelaser, akukhuthazwa ukuba zivule ukuba awuqeqeshwanga. Kukho idiski eyenzelwe ngokukodwa ukucoca iilensi ezinjalo.

Umphezulu wangaphandle wePC kunye nezixhobo zayo:

Ukwenza lo msebenzi kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise izicwili ezincinci ezinamanzi kwisepha okanye into ekhethekileyo engenabo utywala okanye ngenxa yento eyonakalisayo, kwaye emva koko usebenzise izixhobo zokugcina.

Isoftware eluncedo:

Izixhobo okanye izixhobo zesoftware ze ulondolozo lokuthintela ikhompyuter Ziinkqubo ezisetyenziselwa ukuxhasa imisebenzi yePC, egubungela iimfuno zomsebenzisi kuwo onke amabakala, ezinje ngokukhusela ulwazi, umbutho kunye nokwenza izixhobo zekhompyuter.

Senza isondlo ngamaxesha athile ukuze isoftware ingachaphazeleki. Oku kuvumela i-pc ukuba ilungiselelwe ukuphucula ukusebenza kwekhompyuter, kwaye ngexesha lokugcina idatha, ukuba ukuthembeka kwayo akuchaphazeleki, ikwanyusa isantya, ukulungisa ukungaphumeleli kwimeko yayo yokuqala ukuyandisa nokuyinika ubomi benkonzo .

Amanyathelo okwenza isoftware efanelekileyo ngala:

Amanyathelo aza kuthathwa ukugcina isoftware ngala alandelayo:

Uvavanyo lweSETUP:

Useto oluchanekileyo lwe-SETUP lungenza ukuba isixhobo siqale ngokukhawuleza, umzekelo, ngokumisela ngokuchanekileyo isantya sewotshi yeprosesa kunye nokuphindaphinda, isantya sememori, imemori yevidiyo ezinikeleyo, kunye nokuqhuba ngokuzenzekelayo. Ukongeza, iimpazamo ezithile kwisinxibelelanisi zinokufunyanwa.

Ukuqhawulwa kwehard drive:

Inkqubo yokuququzelela ngokulandelelana kweefayile kwidiski ukulungiselela indawo enzima yediski kunye nokufikelela ngokukhawuleza kwiifayile.

Ukucinywa kwefayile ye-TMP (okwethutyana):

Kubandakanya ukususwa kweefayile eziveliswe zizicelo ezifakiweyo ezingasasetyenziswanga ukukhulula indawo yediski enzima: iifayile zethutyana, ii-cache ze-Intanethi, kunye neefayile zenkqubo ezingeyomfuneko ezinokususwa ngokukhuselekileyo.

Ukuqhuba iAntivirus:

Isistim kufuneka iskenwe ukufumana ii-virus kunye neenkqubo ezinokubangela ukungazinzi kwenkqubo okanye ukusebenza kakubi kwekhompyuter, nangona oku kungaqinisekisi ubukho bayo (kuba isoftware ye-antivirus iphelelwe lixesha okanye ayinakufunyanwa), kuba akukho mali ye-antivirus eyi-100%.

Ukukhupha umgqomo wokuphinda usetyenziswe:

Zonke iifayile ezisusiweyo kwiPC ziya kuya kule khowudi ukuze zifikeleleke kwimeko yokususwa ngengozi, kodwa zisathatha indawo yedrive drive. Ngesi sizathu kuyacetyiswa ukuba uzicime ngokusisigxina kube kanye ngexeshana ukugcina iifayile zicocekile kwaye ukunqande ukuqokelela iifayile ezingasetyenziswanga.

IScandisk:

Isoftware eyenziwe nguSymantec yokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka komphezulu womzimba wehard drive kunye nenkqubo yefayile egcinwe kuyo.

Ugcino:

IiWindows zinezixhobo (i-backups) onokuthi ukhethe kuzo ukuba zeziphi iifayile kunye nezikhombisi ezixhaswayo kwaye uqhuba ukukopa iifayile zokugcina. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunokwenziwa ngesandla okanye ngezinye izixhobo ezinje nge: Acronis, Cobian Backup okanye Nero BackItUp.

Eminye imisebenzi yolondolozo

• Kwinkalo yokusebenza, ukumiliselwa kwakhona kwekhompyuter kunye nenkqubo ephambili eyisebenzisayo.
• Jonga inkqubo, inkumbulo, iprosesa kunye nezixhobo zehard drive.
• Lungiselela isantya sokusebenza kwekhompyuter.
• Susa iintsholongwane zekhompyuter.
• Susa iifestile zethutyana kunye ne-Intanethi.
• Cima okanye urhoxise iifayile ezingasasebenziyo okanye iifayile eziqaliswe yinkqubo, ezifakwe kwikhompyuter ngaphandle kwenjongo.
• Ingxelo epheleleyo yolondolozo olwenziwe kwisixhobo ngasinye.
• Uluhlu lwezixhobo zeCPU kunye nezixhobo zepheripherali.
• Iziphumo zokujonga imeko yokusebenza zinokuphuculwa.
• Fometha kwaye uphinde ufake inkqubo yokusebenza kunye nesoftware ehambelana nayo kunye noseto lwehardware (ukuba kukho imfuneko).
• Useto lweWindows kwiWindows kunye nenethiwekhi.

Isimo kunye nexabiso xa usenza ulondolozo

• Iqela lokwamkela abathembekileyo.
• Imiyalelo yokufumana amanqaku aziswe ngaphandle kwesixhobo.
• Ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yokhuseleko.
• Zilungiselele kwindawo osebenza kuyo.
• Bamba izixhobo ngononophelo.
• Lumka xa ususa izinto kwi-pc.
• Coca umphandle wangaphandle nangaphakathi weCPU ngononophelo.
• Ukusombulula ingxaki elungileyo.
• Ukunyaniseka xa uhlanganisene.
• Uxanduva lokuhanjiswa ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Amanyathelo enkqubo yolondolozo

• Izixhobo ezifakwe kwinkqubo ukugcinwa kokuthintela ikhompyuter kufanele ukuba kuluhlu lwezixhobo.
• Itafile esemgangathweni (ubuninzi bolondolozo kuthintelo) iyafuneka.
• Le tafile iya kuxela inkqubo ukuba ivelisa kangaphi ii-odolo zomsebenzi okanye imizobo ye-PM, kwaye kaninzi kangakanani ukwenza ezinye iiparameter zeshedyuli.
• Kuya kufuneka ucwangcise kwaye uququzelele iiodolo zomsebenzi wakho ulondolozo lokuthintela ikhompyuter Abaqhubi bakho kunye neekhontraktha, kwaye isicwangciso sakho siya kufuna intengiselwano kunye neekhowudi zomsebenzi.

Izandi zebhodi yomama

Olu kukudityaniswa kweKhowudi yeKhowudi ye "Beep Beep" yekhowudi, esinokuthi ngayo sikwazi ukusombulula iingxaki ezininzi ngaphandle kokukhathaza ngaphandle kwePOST khadi.

Iikhowudi eziqhelekileyo:

Akukho sandi: Akukho mandla.

I-beep eqhubekayo: ukusikwa kwamandla.

Ii-beeps eziqhubekayo -Ibhodi yomama yonakele.

Ukuqhubeka kwe-beeps ende-Imemori ayilunganga okanye i-CMOS ayilunganga.

I-Long beep-Imemori engonelanga okanye elahlekileyo.

1 ubude kunye 1 mfutshane -Ibhodi yomama okanye isiseko seROM asilunganga.

1 inde kwaye 2 imfutshane - Ikhadi levidiyo alinasiphene okanye alikho.

1 ubude kunye no-3 omfutshane: ukusilela kwekhadi le-EGA.

2 ubude no-1 omfutshane: ukuvumelanisa umfanekiso akuphumelelanga.

Kukhutshwa iibipu ezimfutshane ezimbini: Impazamo yokulingana kwe-RAM.

Iibhiphu ezintathu ezimfutshane: I-64 KB yokuqala ye-RAM ayiphumelelanga.

Kukhutshwa iibipu ezimfutshane ezine- iTimer okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle.

I-5 emfutshane: iprosesa okanye ikhadi levidiyo aluphumelelanga kuvavanyo (kunokubangela iingxaki).

I-6 emfutshane: ukungaphumeleli kwesilawuli sekhibhodi. Impazamo ixhaphake kakhulu xa ikhibhodi isuswe kunye nekhompyuter ivuliwe.

Ingcebiso emfutshane 7: I-Processor yeNdlela yokuSebenza esebenzayo, Isazisi seProsesa / Impazamo yokungafani.

Imfutshane eyi-8: ukusilela kokubhala kwe-RAM.

9 mfutshane: impazamo yeROM BIOS checksum.

I-10 beeps ezimfutshane: impazamo ye-CMOS. Ikhowudi ye-IBM.

Isandi esimnyama esifutshane: iinkcukacha zempazamo ziboniswa kwiscreen.

I-beep eqhubekayo: Iyafana nekhowudi ngokubanzi: ukuphuma kombane.

Ii-beeps ezintathu ezinde: ukungaphumeleli kwekhibhodi.

Ikhowudi ye-BIOS AMI

Ngokufutshane 1: Impazamo yokuhlaziya ye-DRAM.

2 mfutshane: impazamo yokulingana.

3 mfutshane: eyokuqala i-64 KB ye-RAM ayilunganga.

4 Mfutshane: impazamo yewotshi.

5 mfutshane: impazamo yenkqubo.

6 mfutshane: impazamo yekhibhodi; ngokufana nekhowudi ngokubanzi.

Mfutshane 8: Impazamo yememori yemizobo.

Ikhowudi yomvuzo weBIOS

1 ithoni emfutshane kunye ne-1 ithoni ende: impazamo yevidiyo.

1 imfutshane kwaye 3 ubude: Impazamo yezitshixo.

Ikhowudi ye-Phoenix BIOS

Isicatshulwa siphumlile! 1-1-2:

Ukuqinisekiswa kweprosesa akuphumelelanga. 1-1-2: ukuqonda.

Ibhodi yomama ayilunganga.

1-1-3: Impazamo yokufikelela kwi-CMOS.

1-1-3: ukuqonda.

Isiphene sememori esandisiweyo seCMOS.

1-1-4: Impazamo ye-BIOS checksum ngokwayo.

1-2-1: Impazamo kwi-PIT (ixesha lesithuba elicwangcisiweyo).

1-2-2: Ukusilela kwesilawuli se-DMA.

1-2-3: Ayinakho ukufikelela kwi-DMA.

1-3-1: Impazamo yokuhlaziya ye-RAM.

1-3-2: I-64 KB yokuqala ye-RAM ayinakuqinisekiswa.

Mfundi othandekayo, ukuba ufuna ukuqhubeka nokufunda ngamanqaku ethu, funda: Iinkqubo zolawulo.