Kule nqaku uza kuyazi into ebalulekileyo ukuvela kwezixhobo zokugcina kwaye Zibaluleke njani? Itekhnoloji iyatshintsha kwaye siyazi ukuba kuya kuhlala kukho inkqubela phambili ebonakalayo kwezi zixhobo.
Uguquko lwezixhobo zokugcina
Siyazi ukuba kule minyaka idlulileyo ezi zixhobo zitshintshile kakhulu nangona kunzima ukukholelwa kwihlabathi lanamhlanje leedrive drive kunye nokwabelana ngefayile kwi-intanethi, ingqokelela yamakhadi epunch iyafuneka ngokubanzi ukubonelela nokudlulisa idatha.
Masibone uhambo lwalo ukuvela kwezixhobo zokugcina yedatha:
Ikhadi elibunjiweyo
Uninzi lwezi zinto zokubonelela zisetyenzisiwe kumashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo kwaye banokubonelela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-960b. Ukuvulwa kwekhadi kuthetha ukuba zero (0) kwaye akukho ndawo yokuvula (1). Ngaphezulu kwamakhadi angama-40.000 aya kufuneka ukubonelela ngefayile enye ye-MP3 yemizuzu emi-2.
Iqhiya yentloko
Esi sixhobo senziwe nge-reel yomtya olingana namakhadi ajiweyo ayi-10.000. Ngokobungakanani, ubude bayo bunokuvela kwi-2400 ukuya kwi-4800 yeenyawo. Ikhoyili eyayinamandla okuthatha idatha phakathi kwe-5 kunye ne-10 MB.
Iifloppy drive ezi-3,5 intshi
Ukuqhutywa kwe-intshi ezi-3,5-intshi kuyathandwa ngenxa yokuphatheka kunye nokuqina. Banokuqulatha i-1,44 MB.
CD
Le yayiyinto yobugcisa ezayo kwiminyaka yee-1990 kwaye indawo yayo yokuqokelelwa kwedatha ingamaxesha angama-450 eefloppy disks.
Idiski ye-ZIP
Ezi zinto zine sithuba esikwi-100 ukuya kwi-750 MB. Babengabo babasebenzisi abakhethe kakhulu kwiminyaka yoo-1990.
Ukuqhuba kweFlash
Ezi drive zijonga ekuqaleni kwemillenium entsha kwaye zinokuqokelela idatha ukusuka kuthi ga kwi-8MB ukuya kwi-256GB. Linyathelo elikhulu ekuqhubeleni phambili kwitekhnoloji yokugcina yomsebenzisi wokugqibela.
Ukuqhuba kanzima
Ezi zinto zinzima neziphathekayo zinokubamba naphina ukusuka kwi-25GB ukuya kwi-4TB kwaye ziluncedo olukhulu ngokulondoloza iifayile ezinkulu ezinje ngomxholo wevidiyo.
Ukugcinwa kwelifu
Ngokugcinwa kwelifu, ukhetho lwakho lwangoku lokugcina phantse alunamida kwaye lunokusetyenziswa nakwisiphi na isixhobo esinonxibelelwano lwe-intanethi.
i-RAM
Imemori yokuFikelela ngokuRhoqo okanye i-RAM (imfutshane kwiMemori yokuFikelela ngokuRhoqo) luhlobo lweememori zeemiconductor apho ulwazi lunokufundwa kwaye lubhalwe khona. Yimemori eguqukayo, oko kukuthi, umxholo wayo uya kulahleka xa amandla ecinyiwe.
Imemori igcinwa ngokungacwangciswanga kwezi galelo, kungoko igama layo, i-RAM yenye yezinto ezikhula ngokukhawuleza kwikhompyuter kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini idlulileyo. , Ukuba ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1980 umthamo we-RAM wawumalunga ne-4MB, indlela yesiqhelo ngoku kukuthenga ikhompyuter nge-1024MB (1GB).
Ngokwesiqhelo, inani le-MB elihamba phambili lilingana namandla e-2; Embindini ka-1990s, ngokufika kweWindows 95, iikhompyuter zaqala ukusebenzisa i-16 MB ye-RAM kwaye kamva ezingama-32, 64 kunye ne-128. ye-RAM, nangona namhlanje kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukusebenzisa phakathi kwe-4 GB kunye ne-256 GB, nangona ezinye ii-PC sele zisebenzisa i-1 GB ye-JEFRI RAM.
Indawo efihlakeleyo
Kwikhompyuter, iyunithi yokugcina idatha yimemori egcinwe kwindawo yokugcina ikhompyutha ukunciphisa ixesha lokufikelela kwimemori. I-cache incinci kwaye iyakhawuleza, igcina ikopi yedatha kwimemori ephambili, esetyenziswa rhoqo.
Yiseti yedatha ephindiweyo evela kwezinye izinto zokuqala, kwaye uphawu lwayo kukuba xa kuthelekiswa nekopi egcinwe kuvimba, iindleko zokufikelela kwidatha yoqobo zihlala ziphezulu kakhulu, zibiza kakhulu ngexesha. Xa idatha ifikeleleka okokuqala, ikopi iyenziwa kwi-cache, oku kulandelayo kufikelela kwikopi kwenziwa, kungoko kunciphisa ixesha lokufikelela kwi-data.
Xa i-Hardware drive ifuna ukufundwa okanye ukubhala kwindawo ekwimemori yokuqala, inyathelo onokuthi uqale ngalo ukuba kukho ikopi yedatha efihlakeleyo. Ukuba kunjalo, iprosesa ngokukhawuleza ifunda okanye ibhale kwi-cache, ekhawulezayo kunokufunda okanye ukubhala kwimemori yokuqala.
Ukuqhuba nzima
Olu luphezulu embindini wokubonelela, kuba esi sixhobo sokuqala savela ngo-1955 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, uqhubele phambili kakhulu. Ezi drive zediski zisetyenziswa kwiikhompyuter zekhompyuter, iilaptops kunye neeyunithi zokubonelela ezintsonkothileyo, idiski enzima licandelo elijongene nokugcina yonke idatha esiyifunayo.
Imemori ye-RAM isebenza njengesixhobo sokugcina (njengotshintsho ukubonelela ngolwazi xa kusenziwa idatha), kwaye idiski enzima iya kuqokelela ngokusisigxina umxholo okanye idatha yolwazi esiyifaka kuyo ide icinywe. Ngokwesiqhelo into yokuqala ebhalisiweyo kwiyunithi yinkqubo yokusebenza esifuna ukuyisebenzisa kwikhompyuter.
Nje ukuba inkqubo yokusebenza ifakwe kwidiski enzima, zonke iinkqubo eziza kufakwa zingasetyenziswa kwaye lonke ulwazi oluza kugcinwa luya kugcinwa kwihard disk. Kwi-hard drive sigcina nawuphi na umxholo, njengamaxwebhu, imifanekiso, izandi, iinkqubo, iividiyo, iifayile, phakathi kwabanye.
Ukuqhuba kweDiski nako kuye kwafika ixesha elide, ngakumbi ngokwandisa amandla abo.
Oku kubandakanya:
Iidiski zentsimbi ezininzi ezinomtsalane kulapho kugcinwa khona idatha.
- Imoto ejikeleza idiski.
- Iseti yeentloko zemagnethi, oko kukuthi, bafunda ulwazi olugcinwe kwidiski.
- Umbane onokuhambisa iintloko.
- Isekethe yolawulo ngombane, kubandakanya ujongano kunye nekhompyuter kunye ne-cache.
- Ibhokisi etywiniweyo (nangona ingenanto itywiniweyo) inokukhusela yonke ibhokisi.
Bahlala basebenzisa iinkqubo zokurekhoda zemagneti. Inani leediski lixhomekeke kumthamo we-HDD kunye nenani leentloko kwinani leediski x 2, kuba idiski nganye inentloko enye kwicala ngalinye (iidiski ezi-4 = amacala ama-8 = iintloko ezi-8).
Izixhobo eziphathwayo
Ngendlela efanayo, izixhobo ezizinzileyo eziyinxalenye yekhompyuter, ungabandakanya kwaye ususe ezinye izixhobo ezizinzileyo kuyo nayiphi na ikhompyuter. Ezi nkqubo ziluncedo kakhulu ekudluliseni ulwazi phakathi kweekhompyuter ezimbini okanye nangaphezulu.
CD CD
Esi sixhobo sicinezelwe (ngesiNgesi: Imemori efundwayo eDiskhi eFundwayo kuphela). Yidiski ebonakalayo esetyenziselwa ukuqokelela idatha okanye ukungazinzi (njengokungaguquguquki njengediski yediski), oko kukuthi, umgaqo, idatha efakwe kwiCD ayinakucinywa, yakuba ibhaliwe kwiCD, ayinakuguqulwa, kuphela inokufundwa (kungoko igama elithi Funda inkumbulo kuphela).
I-CD-ROM yicwecwe leplastiki elisicaba elinomxholo okanye idatha yedijithali efakwe kwindawo ejikelezayo ukusuka embindini ukuya emaphethelweni. Zaziswa phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1980 ziinkampani ezidumileyo ezinje ngeSony kunye nePhilips, iMicrosoft kunye neApple zezona nkampani ziphambili zekhompyuter ziyisebenzisayo, sesinye sezixhobo zokubonelela ezisetyenzisiweyo, enyanisweni, ithatha indawo yeekhasethi isetyenziselwa ukugcina umculo kunye nediski esetyenziselwa ukugcina ezinye iintlobo zedatha.
Zininzi iintlobo zeCD-ROM. Ezi ncwadi zakudala zimalunga ne-12 cm ubukhulu kwaye zihlala zigcina i-650 ukuya kwi-700 MB yolwazi; Nangona kunjalo, kule minyaka idlulileyo ii-CD-ROM zenziwe ngomthamo wama-800 okanye ama-900 MB, ukuba ucinga ngomthamo womculo ngemizuzu, i-700 MB iya kuba yimizuzu engama-80.
Kukwakhona neediski ze8cm ezincinci, kodwa zikulungele ukugcina isoftware encinci. Zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukubhalisa isoftware, abaqhubi, iipheripherali, nangona zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa idatha njengeeCD eziqhelekileyo.
Izinto eziluncedo eziphambili ze-CD-ROM kukungqinelani kwayo, ukusetyenziswa ngokulula kunye nobukhulu obuncinci (ngakumbi ubukhulu). Nangona kunjalo, eyona nto iphambili kukuba ayinakho ukusebenzisa idatha egcinwe kuyo, ukusombulula le ngxaki, i-CD-RW okanye i-CD ebhalwe ngokutsha yavela, iimpawu zayo ziyafana neeCD eziqhelekileyo, kodwa zikhethekile kuba zinokubhala amaxesha amaninzi ngentando.
I-CD ifundwa ngumdlali weCD, oquka i-laser efunda idatha ukusuka kwiziko ukuya kumda wediski. Inkqubo iyafana namakhadi agqobhoziweyo, nangona imingxunya yamakhadi agqobhoziweyo ibonakala ngokucacileyo, i-CD ikwanazo nezinto ezincinci ezingafumanekiyo ngeliso lenyama kuba ziyimicroscopic, xa ubhala iCD, sebenzisa inkqubo kanambambili kunye okanye ngaphandle kokugqobhoza ( zero kunye nenye).
DVD
Uphuhliso lobuchwepheshe bolwazi kunye ukuvela kwezixhobo zokugcina wenze iiCD zincinci kakhulu. Ukuba iidiski ziye zaba ncinane kakhulu kwiminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo kwaye iiCD zibonakala ngathi "zinkulu", imeko itshintshile, kuba zonke izicelo (kubandakanya iinkqubo, iinkqubo zokusebenza okanye imidlalo yevidiyo) zithathe imemori engaphezulu, ukusuka kumthamo wemveli we-700 MB CD ukuya kuthi ga kwi-4,7 GB IDVD.
Ukuthengiswa kweDVD kwavela okokuqala kwifomathi yevidiyo ukubuyisela iVHS yakudala. Izinto eziluncedo kwiDVD zicacile: okukhona ukonyuka komthamo, kokukhona umgangatho wokugcina ungcono, kuba kulula ukusebenzisa i-videotape, inokugcina idatha ngcono; IiDVD zizinzile ngakumbi, zinomgangatho ophezulu wesithombe kunye nomgangatho wesandi ongcono, iimuvi zeDVD zaye zaduma ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1990 ngenxa ye- ukuvela kwezixhobo zokugcina.
Nangona kunjalo, ngaloo minyaka, iCD yayisaziwa kakhulu kwinqanaba lekhompyuter. Ngaphambili, imidlalo yevidiyo ibifunwa malunga ne-600 MB yendawo yokufaka, ukuze igcinwe ngokulula kwi-CD, nangona kunjalo, ngophuhliso lweetekhnoloji ezinje ngedatha kunye nemizobo, imidlalo yevidiyo kunye nezinye iinkqubo zihlala kwiindawo ezininzi, ngaphambi kwesidingo inkumbulo engaphezulu, eminye imidlalo yevidiyo esetyenziselwa ukuhlala ii-4 okanye ii-CD ezi-5, ezenze ukuba umsebenzi ungakhululeki kwaphela.
Kukho ii-DVD-Rs, kuba njengeeCD, iiDVD eziqhelekileyo zifundwa kuphela. Kodwa kwizifundo ezifundwe kwi-CD, iDVD ebhalwe ngokutsha iyilelwe, ukongeza, ii-DVD ezingqingqwa kabini bezikhona kangangeminyaka eliqela, olu hlobo lweDVD lisafundwa kwelinye icala, kodwa inedatha engqonge kabini.
Nangona kunjalo nge ukuvela kwezixhobo zokugcina, Kuyenzeka ukuba ufunde iDVD kumacala omabini. Kukho amacala aphindwe kabini kunye nolwaleko oluphindwe kabini, kodwa ukuba iDVD isecala-mbini kwaye inamacala amabini, amandla aya kufikelela kwi-17 GB, nangona kunjalo, nokuba ngaba ezi nkqubo zincinci zisetyenzisiwe, zibiza kakhulu, kodwa ziya ngokuqinisekileyo ubeke enye imini kwiiCD zangoku.
Iinkumbulo ze-usb
Ngenxa ye- ukuvela kwezixhobo zokugcina, Imemori ye-USB yenziwa yi-IBM ngo-1998, kodwa khange bayifumane ipatent, injongo yayo kukutshintsha ii-floppy disks ngomthamo omkhulu kunye nokukhawulezisa ukudluliselwa kwedatha, nangona kunokwenzeka ukuqokelela iCD okanye iDVD kwimemori, emva koko cima kwaye uyisebenzise, eyona nto ikhululekileyo nenokusetyenziswa kwimemori ye-USB.
Zizicompact izixhobo ezinobungakanani bokukhanya, umsebenzi wazo uphantse wafana nowefloppy diski, kodwa umthamo mkhulu, okwangoku une-64MB ukuya kwi-GB ezininzi. Phakathi kwezibonelelo zayo eziphambili kukuba inesakhiwo esibonwa sincinci ngokwaneleyo ukuba singachazwa njengezisebenzisekayo, ukuxhathisa okukhulu (inkumbulo ngokwayo ikhuselwe yibhokisi yeplastiki efana nokukhanya) kunye nesantya sokuhambisa, esikhawuleza kakhulu kunediski yediski. .
Okwangoku, olu hlobo lwezixhobo lusefashonini, ngakumbi kubantu abancinci okanye kubasebenzi baseofisini. Ngenxa yokuba olu hlobo lwezixhobo lincinci kwaye luxinene, lunokuxhonywa kuphela kwi-keychain, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, inokunxulunyaniswa kuphela nenkqubo yokusebenza, iWindows okanye iMac) zixhonyiwe kunye, kuya kufuneka uziqhagamshele kwikhompyuter kwaye yisebenzise ngaphandle kokubangela ezinye iingxaki, kukho ezinye izixhobo ezineempawu ezifanayo, ezinje ngeeMP3 player.
Bangakwazi ukugcina naluphi na uhlobo lwedatha, kodwa eyona nto iphambili kubo kukuba banokuqala babone kwaye baqhubekise iifayile zomculo kwiifomathi ze-mp3 kunye ne-wma, kwaye bazimamele ngee-headphone ezixhume kwisixhobo. Ke ngoko, inokutshintsha i-Walkman, kodwa ukongeza, uyilo olutsha luvela ngalo lonke ixesha, ezi zoyilo zinokugcina amashumi e-GB (amawaka eengoma) kunye neevidiyo, kwaye zinokuboniswa kwiscreen esincinci.
Iikhasethi Magnetic
Kwiminyaka eyalandelayo, ngenxa yesidingo sokugcina la makhadi elungelelaniswe ngaphandle kokuchitha ixesha elininzi uwafaka ngokulandelelana kwawo, kwenziwa ikhasethi enefolokhwe, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiteyiphu enezinto eziququzelela ukuhambisa kwenkqubo. Kungekudala emva koko, kwafunyanwa itekhnoloji entsha ye-magnetic kwaye yaqala ukusetyenziswa kugcino lweenkcukacha zekhompyuter, kuba umgangatho wayo ngokusisiseko uqukethe isithuba seteyiphu yamagnetic egutyungelwe nge-iron oxide.
Kwimeko yokubeka iipali ezintle nezingalunganga (kuxhomekeke kwimeko), umgaqo kukubeka uthotho lweemagnethi ezigxunyekwe kwiteyiphu, ezifuna utshintsho olwenziweyo, olwenza ukuba lusebenze phantsi komgaqo ofanayo njengamazibuthe agangathiweyo, ngaphandle kokugalela kuphela ngokusebenzisa amaza ombane bangasebenza, okufezekiswa ngumxholo wentsimbi obekwe kwikhasethi; Ukuqinisekisa le datha, kuba ubungakanani bekhasethi yangaphambili bebukhulu kakhulu, iimilo ezahlukeneyo zenziwe, ezigqityiweyo zaphela.
Iikhompyuter zakho
Xa iikhompyuter zobuqu ziqala ukuthengisa, abantu abanomdla ebaleni baqala ukufunda indlela yokuphatha izixhobo, iinkqubo, ukwenza usetyenziso olutsha, phakathi kwabanye. Abanye baba bantu banomdla wokulinganisa iikhompyuter, imidlalo, kunye nophuhliso lobume bendawo, ke abaqhubekekisi kwaye ukuvela kwezixhobo zokugcina abanakho ukugubungela bonke oovimba abazisebenzisayo le midlalo kunye nokusetyenziswa okubonakalayo okutsha.
Kwangokunjalo, ukuhambisa yonke le software ukusuka kwenye ikhompyuter ukuya kwenye kuye kwangxamiseka, kuba ingxaki efanayo yekhadi le-punch iyenzeka, kungoko ke ithatha iidiski ezi-5 ukutshisa isoftware eyenziwe kakuhle. Ke ngoko, baphuhlise ii-3½ "iidiski kunye neekhompyuter ezintsha ezisungulwe ngezi zixhobo zintsha, zinokugcina iidiski ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1,44 Mb kwaye zigcine imigaqo efanayo ne-5¼", kodwa "ngoomazibuthe abancinci" abakhulu kwidiski. yesithuba esincinci.
Iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo nezingaqhelekanga zokuphuhliswa kwediski enzima kukuba ekuqaleni, ezinye iibhodi zee-mama khange zizise uqhagamshelo ngqo kwi-hard disk, ke kuya kufuneka uthenge ikhadi le-SCSI ngonxibelelwano lwediski, kuba ayisiyiyo kuphela idiski enzima, kodwa nediski yediski. Ukukhupha kwibhodi yomama, isizathu soku kukuba kunciphisa iindleko zebhodi yomama, kwaye kwezinye iinkampani, ungathenga iikhompyuter ezili-10 kunye namakhadi ama-2 e-SCSI, ajikelezayo njengoko abantu besenza umsebenzi othile.
Isiphelo
Kangangexesha elithile, kwaye ukusukela kwixesha apho kwakungekho mbane, abantu bahlala befuna ukwenza lula indlela yabo yobomi, yiyo loo nto iingqondi ezinkulu zembali zinikezele uninzi lobomi bazo ekuphuhliseni ithiyori. Ngenxa ye- ukuvela kwezixhobo zokugcina imathematics isetyenziselwa ukwakha oomatshini abenza lula umsebenzi wemihla ngemihla.
Nangona kunjalo, oku kude kungonelanga kubume, i ukuvela kwezixhobo zokugcina, Abantu bathanda ukuleqa isantya esikhawulezayo kwaye itekhnoloji ye 'miniaturization' ihlala iphucula yonke imihla, ngale ndlela, kunokwenzeka ukuba kwenziwe iprosesa ezikhawulezayo kwiisekethi ezincinci, ngokufanayo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ube namandla okugcina asezantsi kakhulu kwindawo encinci yomzimba kwaye ikhompyuter yeyona ilungileyo.
Mfundi othandekayo, ukuba ufuna ukuhlala unomdla kumanqaku ethu, funda: Yintoni iteknoloji? .
