Yintoni i-MVC? Yazi olu luyilo lwesoftware!

Funda malunga Yintoni i-MVC? Kwaye njengoko olu hlobo lutsha lwesoftware luguqule umhlaba wekhowudi kunye neempawu zayo ezibaluleke kakhulu, konke oku kuyabulelwa koku siza kukuxelela kona apha ngezantsi.

Yintoni i-MVC?

I-MVC imele uMlawuli woJongo lweModeli, injongo yayo kukusebenza njengesiseko sesoftware. Uyilo lwesoftware zizikhokelo eziququzelela ukwakhiwa kwezi zinto, zinika imodeli yendlela ekufanele ukuba ibe yiyo.

I-MVC, ngokungafaniyo nolunye uyilo lwesoftware, ikhonkxa ikhowudi nganye ukukhathalela umsebenzi othile, ngale ndlela, ikhowudi iphuhliswa ngomsebenzi omnye kwaye yenziwa ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

Ukwenza lula ukusetyenziswa kwayo, sebenzisa ujongano lomsebenzisi, kuba ezi kulula ukuyiqonda kwaye uqhagamshele ngqo ikhompyuter kunye nomsebenzisi we-Intanethi. Ngokufanayo, ikhowudi ye-MVC inokusetyenziselwa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo okanye izkim.

Ixesha lokusebenzisa lide, liyasebenza kwaye ukusebenzisana kwayo kulula, kuba ifuna ukwenza isoftware ngaphandle kobunzima obuninzi, njengangaphambili. Inkqubo isebenzisa iikhowudi ezahlukeneyo, nokuba zisetyenzisiwe, kwaye zahlule ukuze zisebenze umsebenzi omnye okanye ingqiqo nganye.

Njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, luyilo loyilo, kodwa ngoba? Ewe, njengesicwangciso sokwakha, simisela izicwangciso zomsebenzi ezahlukeneyo ezintathu; imodeli, ukujonga kunye nolawulo.

Le mbono yokwahlukana nomgaqo weekhowudi indala kwaye yafumana amandla ngenxa yezakhelo ezilungileyo ezivelileyo. Inkqubo-sikhokelo luhlobo lwesoftware efuna ukusombulula ingxaki kwaye ulwakhiwo lwayo lusekwe kwingxaki ngokwayo.

Yintoni i-MVC? Imbali yeModeli, ukuBonwa kunye nabaLawuli

Uluvo lweModeli, ukuBonwa kunye nabaLawuli kuthiwa babekho ngaphambi kokudalwa kwephepha lewebhu. Yayingumbono ovela kwi-GUI okanye ujongano lwevidiyo; Ii-GUI zizixhobo ezisebenza ngonxibelelwano lomsebenzisi, ezisebenzisa isoftware emele ngomxholo obonakalayo, idatha ekhoyo kwinkqubo.

Yayiyenye yezinto ezintsha ezenziwa nguvulindlela zokusebenzisa isoftware eyahlulahlula iikhonsepthi zayo kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Iqale njengombono kwii-70s, kamva kwii-80s inguqulelo ye-Smalltalk-80 yaphunyezwa.

I-Smalltalk-80 lulwimi olusebenzayo lwenkqubo, ngokungafaniyo neMCV, engohlukanisi neengcinga kunye nemisebenzi yayo. Umanyano lweMCV luya kunikwa ithala leencwadi elisebenzayo, kuvavanywa iziseko zalo.

Ekugqibeleni, ekupheleni kweminyaka engama-80, i-MVC yakhululwa njengengcamango yayo, ihlukaniswe ne-Smalltalk-XNUMX. Kwiintsuku zayo zokuqala, i-MCV yayiyeyona nkqubo isisiseko eyayingekasebenzisi ikhowudi yayo yokwahlulahlula ikhowudi, isekwe kuphela kwimowudi yokufaka.

Ngophuhliso lweenyanga ezimbalwa oku bekutshintsha, kusenziwa umbono, owawuyimodeli yemveliso kwaye uyidibanisa nemodeli yokufaka. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, olu hlobo lweemodeli lwalungasonelanga kwizicelo ezikhoyo, ke ngoko, i-MVC yaguqukela kwingcinga eyaziwayo namhlanje, nangona kunjalo, yahamba kwiinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo de kwaba yile nto iyiyo namhlanje.

Uhlobo lweHerarchical Model View Controller (HMVC)

Olunye lomahluko wokuqala, uvele ekuqaleni kuka-2000. Olu hlobo aluvumeli umbono ukuba ujonge ngqo okanye ufikelele kwidatha.

IAdapter yokujonga iModeli (MVA)

Inguqulelo esondeleyo kwinto ekuya kuba yiyo i-MVC, inoyilo olufanayo lokwahlulahlula umsebenzi ngamnye okanye ikhowudi ngokwamanqanaba. Ngokungafaniyo nomanduleli wayo, amanqanaba eMVA umsebenzi ngamnye, kodwa akavumeli naluphi na unxibelelwano phakathi kwemodeli kunye nembono enjengeMVC.

Umbonisi weModeli yeModeli (MVP)

Umbonisi weModeli yokujonga uyaqhubeka nokusetyenziselwa ukuyila amanqaku oxhulumaniso phakathi komsebenzisi kunye nePC. Isetyenziselwa iimvavanyo apho iserver inika iimpendulo ezizimeleyo kwaye iguqula idatha eyinikwa yimodeli kwaye iyicinezele ukujonga.

Imodeli yokujonga iModeli (MVVM)

Olu hlobo loyilo lwesoftware alunxibelelanisi lonke ubume bemodeli kunye nembono, edityaniswe komnye nomnye, ukufezekisa ukuhanjiswa ngokupheleleyo kwedatha. Oku kuphuhlisa imodeli ebonakalayo ebonakalayo kwaye kubonelela ngemveliso elungileyo yemizobo kwizicelo.

Yintoni elungileyo iMVC?

Esi sixhobo yinkqubo yokudala isoftware, esetyenziselwa ukwenza usetyenziso olukumgangatho ophezulu, ke, namhlanje kufunwa olona mgangatho ubalaseleyo kunye nokukhululeka kwenkqubo.

Ukusukela ekudalweni kwewebhu kunye neekhompyuter, iinkqubo zithathe ukuphakama okuphezulu kwaye iinjineli zenkqubo zithathe indima ebalulekileyo, kuba ziyila usetyenziso olukhulu okanye isoftware eguqule umhlaba wonke. Uyilo lwenkqubo nganye kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa inkqubo yekhowudi efanelekileyo.

Inkqubo ngaphambili yayiyinto enzima kwaye inzima, enokuthatha ixesha elide ukuzisa into entsha njengenkqubo okanye usetyenziso, nangona kunjalo, zincinci iinkonzo okanye iinkqubo ezenziweyo eziququzelela inkqubo. Ukusuka kwiinkqubo ezahlulahlula ikhowudi okanye ezakwazi ukudityaniswa, nokuba inye nganye nganye.

Isilawuli sokujonga imodeli yayisisisombululo esifanelekileyo kwiinjineli zenkqubo okanye iinkqubo, kuba zilungelelaniswe ngamanqanaba okusebenza nganye ekufuneka yenziwe yikhowudi kwaye akukho msebenzi uphazamisayo komnye.

Inkqubo yenkqubo yenziwa lula ngenxa yendlela i-MVC evumela ngayo ukuba iikhowudi zisetyenziswe kwakhona, ukufumana ukutyibilika okupheleleyo kuyo nayiphi na into ecwangcisiweyo.

I-MVC ayiboneleli ngokulula ngenkqubo, kodwa ikwavumela ukuba yenziwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye ikhokelela kwii -apps ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Ukuba uyalithanda eli nqaku, ndiyakumema ukuba ufunde "Iiklasi kunye nezinto kwiJava", Umsebenzi opheleleyo weekhonsepthi malunga neJava, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuyithanda.

I-HTML ngaphandle kweMVC

Isenokuba yingxaki ekuqaleni yonke inkcazo yolu lwakhiwo lwesoftware, nangona kunjalo, bayayithathela ingqalelo into efana nezinto ze-HTML, CSS kunye ne-PHP.

Ngamnye wabo usetyenziselwa ukucwangcisa okanye ukuyila iphepha; Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yi-HTML, ekuqaleni eyayingenaso isakhiwo esakhiwe kakuhle kwaye ngexesha lenkqubo ayizange yahlule nayiphi na imisebenzi yayo, ngenxa yoko, ikhowudi yayixubekile kwaye ukuba ufuna ukutshintsha into, kwafuneka utshintshe yonke ikhowudi.

Ingxaki ye-HTML yenza umsebenzi wenkqubo udinise kakhulu, kodwa abanye ababhali beekhowudi babenombono omkhulu wokudala into yokwahlula uxanduva xa kusenziwa inkqubo: benza ulwimi lweCSS. Ulwimi lweCSS luvumela ukwabela kunye nokwahlula umsebenzi wekhowudi nganye, ishenxisa umsebenzi odinisayo wokuphinda okanye ukutshintsha ikhowudi iphela.

Ikhowudi yeSpaghetti

Ityala le-HTML, alenzeki kuye kuphela; Ngokwesiqhelo, ukwenza amaphepha ahlukeneyo uhlala udibanisa iikhowudi, ezizalisekisa imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Iikhowudi zihlala zihlangana ukuze oko kunqwenelekayo kuboniswe, into eluncedo, nangona kunjalo, ngokwenza impazamo encinci kwezinye zeekhowudi, inyanzela yonke inkqubo ukuba iphindwe.

Ulwimi olusetyenzisiweyo, luyadityaniswa kwaye lubangela ukuba umdwelisi wenkqubo ahambe inyathelo ngenyathelo elungisa izinto ezinokuthi, mhlawumbi, ezingadibaniyo.

Zonke ezi ntlobo zeempazamo okanye iimeko zisonjululwa ngolwahlulo olulula lolwimi, ukongeza ukuba nganye ijolise kulo msebenzi. Ayisiyiyo kuphela iimpazamo zokwahlulahlula, kodwa kunye nokungabinamandla okwangoku kokufuna ukusebenzisa kwakhona ikhowudi, ebikade ibambekile.

Ukuba ikhowudi enye ibizakusetyenziselwa enye inkqubo okanye umsebenzi, kuye kwafuneka yenziwe ngokuthe chu kakhulu, enkosi kwi-MVC akusekho mfuneko, kuba ikhowudi iphinda isetyenziswe kwaye sele yenziwe kwinto enye.

Intshayelelo kuMbonisi weMboniso yeModeli

Ukusukela ekuqaleni kwenqaku, bekucacisiwe ukuba isebenza njani kwaye kutheni isebenza imodeli, nangona kunjalo, icandelo ngalinye alichazwanga ngokuthe ngqo: Imodeli, uMboniso kunye noMlawuli.

Umzekelo

Inqanaba lokuqala kwaye lifumana yonke idatha enxulumene nenkqubo kunye nokusebenza kwayo, oko kukuthi, iphatha umxholo wenkqubo, uhlaziyo olunokwenzeka.

Kukwakhona ne «logic yeshishini», equlathe indlela inkqubo egcina ngayo, eguqula kwaye itshintshe ulwazi ngokubona kwayo.

Imodeli ivumela umsebenzisi ukuba asebenzise ulwazi abaludingayo, ngaphandle kokukhangela kwiifayile ezingapheliyo, bafuna kuphela ukungena kwaye iya kubonisa, ngokusebenzisa "umbono", into abayifunayo. Ukuguqula into kwinkqubo okanye ulwazi, kuya kufuneka ugqithe kwi "isilawuli", esithumela ulwazi kwimodeli.

Ngokwesiqhelo, ulwazi luyasebenza nabanye abalawuli kwaye, endaweni yokusebenzisa i-SQL (inkqubo yolwimi ukuze ube nolawulo olupheleleyo lwedatha), ilungiswa ngokuthe ngqo kwezinye iinxalenye zedatha, eneklasi yayo kunye nento.

ILa Vista

Umbono yindawo apho ulwazi oluthunyelwe yimodeli lumelwe khona umsebenzisi, lubonisa umxholo kwindawo ebonakalayo. Ikhowudi yenkqubo ibonakalisiwe, eya kuthi isebenze kwaye iboniswe kwi-interface yomsebenzisi.

Eli nqaku lisebenza ngeekhowudi ze-HTML kunye ne-PHP, kuba zezona khowudi zifanelekileyo zokwakha iphepha, iseva, njl. Ezi khowudi zithunyelwa kwimveliso, olo lutshintsho olupheleleyo lolwazi oluthunyelwe yimodeli.

Umlawuli

Umlawuli nguye onika iimpendulo kwizicelo zomsebenzisi, ezenziwe ngemodeli. Izicelo zinxulumene nolwazi, ukusuka kuhlelo, ukudala okanye ukukhangela naluphi na uhlobo lolwazi.

Esi sisixhobo esikwakuvumela ukuba uhlele indlela ulwazi oluboniswa ngayo, oko kukuthi, ukuba ulwazi luya kuqhutywa njani kwaye lubonakaliswe "kumbono", oku kulutshintsho kwindlela imodeli enika ngayo ulwazi. Ukubeka ngokulula, isilawuli yibhulorho phakathi kwemodeli kunye nembono, eyamkela isicelo kwaye inokufikelela kumbono ukuyibonisa ngenye indlela.

Isilawuli ngulowo unika impendulo malunga nenkqubo eyenziweyo okanye usetyenziso olwenziweyo oludingekayo, injongo yayo yokugqibela kukuba lonke ulwazi lufike ekuqaleni kwalo ukuya ekuphumeni kwalo.

Zidibana njani izinto?

Umsebenzi wecandelo ngalinye, njengoko kunokubonwa, wenziwa unikwe iodolo kwaye nganye inefuthe lomsebenzi wenye. Isilawuli sijoyina abanye, senza ukuhamba komsebenzi ngakumbi kwaye sinikwe ukwenza inkqubo okanye usetyenziso, nangona kunjalo, le yinkcazo engcono yenkqubo yonke eyenziweyo:

1. Umsebenzisi we-Intanethi uqala ukusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokungena kubume bomsebenzisi, oko kukuthi, ungena kwiphepha okanye kwiserver ngokusebenzisa into encedisayo.
2. Isicelo samkelwe ngumlawuli, othumela umyalezo ukujonga kunye nemodeli. Zonke izicelo ziveliswa ngumphathi womsitho (iJava okanye ikhowudi ye-HTML, enika impendulo yangaphandle yekhowudi).
3. Isilawuli ukufezekisa isicelo, singena kwimodeli, apho sisebenzisa khona ulwazi kwaye sitshintsha isenzo kwinto esiyifunayo. Ukwenza ezinye iintshukumo, umlawuli kufuneka asebenzise iikhowudi ezahlukileyo ezifakwe ngaphakathi, ngamafutshane, iphethini yomyalelo.
4.  Ngamanye amaxesha, umlawuli ukufezekisa umsebenzi opheleleyo uya kusebenzisa idatha ngakumbi kwimodeli, ekufuneka ayithumele ukujonga, esebenza njengebhulorho.
5. Isilawuli sithumela lonke ulwazi kunye nomyalelo onikezwe ngumsebenzisi we-Intanethi xa ubona, ekufuneka ubonise umbono wento oyifunayo.
6. Umbono, ukuze unike umbono olungileyo, usebenzisa ulwazi oluninzi njengoko unakho kwimodeli kwaye ubonakalisa konke okukuyo.
7. Kuba imodeli ayinakuba nolwazi malunga nento eyenzekayo ekujongeni, isebenzisa uhlobo lwesoftware elumkisa ngalo naluphi na utshintsho kwaye, ngale ndlela, yenza utshintsho olufanelekileyo kulwazi okanye ujongano.
8. Ujongano luphindaphinda inkqubo ngokuxhomekeke kunxibelelwano ngalunye olunalo umsebenzisi we-Intanethi kwinani lezenzo azenzayo.

Isetyenziswa njani kwizicelo zewebhu?

Xa isoftware ye-MVC yenziwe, bekucingelwa ukuba iya kusetyenziswa kwizixhobo ze-desktop, kuba ukusebenza kwayo kunye nokuphendula kuya kuba kwangoko. Inkqubela phambili kwezobuchwephesha yenza ukuba kube lula ukulungelelanisa isoftware nokusetyenziswa okubonakalayo, ukulawula ukuphendula ngaphandle kokumiselwa kwangaphambili njengeenkqubo zedesktop.

I-MVC yahlengahlengiswa kwiilwimi ezibonakalayo, ifezekisa ukuba amanqanaba ahlukeneyo anokuhambelana neelwimi ezinje nge-HTML okanye iJavaScript, phakathi kwabanye. Isakhelo sisetyenziselwa ukuba sikwazi ukudibanisa uyilo lwe-MVC, ukuyila enye yewebhu.

Uyilo lwe-MVC lwempendulo ebonakalayo yile "yomxhasi kunye neseva", kwesi sikimu umthengi wenza isicelo kwaye umncedisi uya kuba ngumamkeli, oya kuthi anike isiphumo okanye impendulo kwisicelo.

Ekuqaleni, ukuphumeza olu hlobo loyilo, uphuhliso lwewebhu belungagqitywanga, ke ngoko, kugxilwe kulwakhiwo "lomxhasi omncinci". Umxhasi omncinci sisiseko esiphambili, kuba impendulo inikwa kwiserver esembindini kwaye, ke, inokuba kamva; ikhonkco lokuphendula ngokuthe ngqo phakathi kwegalelo kunye nemveliso, ngaphandle kokuvala okanye ukuqhubekeka.

Le ndlela isebenze kakuhle, yonke into inikwa ukusukela ngethuba umsebenzisi we-Intanethi engena kwikhonkco, ukusukela ngoko ukuya kwisenzo esivula ikhonkco, sidlula kwisilawuli kwaye sinike iodolo yokujonga ukuze ibonakalise umfanekiso ekufuneka umsebenzisi umbono. Izinto ezintathu ze-MVC zikwiserver eyiyo, ekuya kuthi yona inike impendulo.

MVC kunye noovimba beenkcukacha

Ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwephesha kuye kwavumela ukuphuculwa kweeseva kunye neelwimi ezintsha ezivelisa ukukhula okungcono kwe-MVC, evumela impendulo ukuba ingabinangxaki kwaye iqonde ngqo kumsebenzisi.

Ukuze izicelo zibe nokukhula kakuhle, i-MVC kufuneka ibe neenkcukacha ezisebenza njengenkxaso. Isiseko sedatha yinkqubo yolawulo lonke ulwazi lwesicelo, ukuba yinkxaso yemodeli, ukuyenza igcine okanye iguqule yonke into eyifunayo.

Umbono kunye nesilawuli zigcinwa zodwa ngaphandle kwindawo yogcino lwedatha, kuba kukho ukwahlulwa ngokomaleko, ukuvumela ukuba indawo yemizobo yenziwe ngendlela eyiyo, inike indlela yokubonakalayo epheleleyo kulo lonke ulwazi kunye nokuncedisa nganye sebenza kwicala lakho.

Ukuba ulithandile eli nqaku, ndiyakumema ukuba ufunde i "Iindidi zamalungiselelo enkqubo", ichaza ukubaluleka kwayo ngokupheleleyo ekwenziweni kweenkqubo, ndiyazi ukuba uya kuyithanda.