Xa usondela ekuboneni umfanekiso kufutshane, uyatshintsha kwaye ubone iibhokisi ezincinci, ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi "pixels." Kweli nqaku, siza kuchaza ngokweenkcukacha Yintoni pixels?
Yintoni iiphikseli?
Xa usondeza amehlo akho kumabonwakude okanye kwiscreen sekhompyuter, umfanekiso obuwubona ucace kwaye ubukhali ukude ngoku uba zizikwere ezincinci, ezi zikwere zibizwa ngokuba zii-pixels, kwaye azinakubonwa ngendlela elula.
Ziziphi iipixels? Ziiyunithi ezincinci zemibala, ezi zinto zenza umfanekiso wedijithali. Unokuzibona ngokucacileyo xa ukhulisa umfanekiso okanye ifoto kwimonitha yekhompyuter.
Eli gama livela kwale ngqiqo ifanayo, eyenziwe ligama lesiNgesi elithi pix, eliyintetho yomfanekiso (umfanekiso) kunye nesiqalelo (isiqalelo). Iipikseli zizinto ezenza umfanekiso wedijithali.
Iipikseli zenziwe ngemibala emithathu eyahlukeneyo: eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eluhlaza kunye nobomvu, kodwa xa uxuba kunye nokuqina okungafaniyo, sinayo yonke eminye imibala ngenxa yoko, oku kuya kusinika umfanekiso esiwubona kwisikrini. Kuyenzeka ukubona ukuba iipikseli, ezibonwa kufutshane, zivumela ukudalwa komfanekiso.
Imbali yayo ibuyele ekuqaleni kwe-30s xa ingcamango yaqala ukusetyenziswa kwi-cinema, nangona iphinda iqondwe njengeseli encinci eyenza inkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yomfanekiso wedijithali. Le ngcamango yaqalwa ngeminyaka yee-70 kwaye yasetyenziswa kumabonwakude ngaphambi kweekhompyuter.
Ngaba uyafuna ukuba nolwazi oluninzi malunga nokuba zeziphi ipixels? Siyakumema ukuba ubukele ividiyo elandelayo:
RGB (Bomvu, Luhlaza, Luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka)
Xa usebenza kumfanekiso wedijithali kwaye kufuneka uguqule ulwazi lwamanani olugcinwa ngepixel ibe ngumbala, akufuneki sibazi ubunzulu bombala kuphela, kodwa kunye nokukhanya kunye nemodeli yaloo mbala. Ukufezekisa oku, kufuneka sazi ubungakanani bamasuntswana epixel nganye.
Ukuba nemibala emithathu esisiseko yokukhanya njengesiseko, ezi ziyizona zisivumelayo ukuba siqulunqe imibala eyahlukeneyo yombala wemibala, sinazo iziphumo zemifanekiso esiyibona kwiikhompyuter, izixhobo eziphathwayo, iitafile zombane, oomabonwakude. , phakathi kwabanye, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yimidlalo yevidiyo, iividiyo, usetyenziso okanye imifanekiso.
Ukuba sifuna ukuqonda ukuba ulwazi lwe-pixel lucutshungulwa njani, kufuneka siqale sithathele ingqalelo ubukhulu bokukhanya kombala kunye nobunzulu bayo, ngenxa yoko, kufuneka sazi imodeli yombala. Ngendlela efanayo esisebenza ngayo kuqeqesho lobugcisa beplastiki, xa sixuba iipikseli ezibomvu neziluhlaza, siya kufumana, ngenxa yolu kudibanisa, indawo yomfanekiso emthubi, njalo njalo ukwenza iithowuni ezahlukeneyo. .
I-RGB ngumzekelo othi, njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, usekwe kwimibala ebomvu, eluhlaza kunye noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kwaye ngokudityaniswa okungafaniyo okunokuqina okwahlukileyo, yiyo eyenza umfanekiso. Ngokwesiqhelo, iRGB ineebhithi ezisi-8 eziphuma kwimibala emithathu edityanisiweyo.
Ndiyabulela ekubunjweni kwayo namhlanje, inxalenye enkulu yekhompyutheni kunye nezixhobo zedijithali, ezifana nabahloli, i-scanners, iikhamera, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngokuqhelekileyo zisebenzisa imodeli ye-RGB ukumela imifanekiso.
Isigqibo
Ngokuxhomekeke kwisikrini apho umfanekiso ujongwa khona, uya kuba nesisombululo esingcono, oko kukuthi, kuxhomekeke kwinkcazo yesikrini, inani elikhulu leepikseli.
Masithi umzekelo unomabonakude we-HD, ububanzi buyi-1920 kwaye ubude buyi-1080; Xa uphinda-phinda la manani, isiphumo siya kuba lilonke inani leepixels ezikhoyo, kulo mzekelo ziyakuba: 2.073.600. Kungenjalo, ukuba umabonwakude unobude nobubanzi obufutshane, inani leepixels beziya kuba sezantsi.
Zonke iipikseli zisisikweri okanye uxande, kwaye imidibaniso yazo yombala enokwenzeka ayinasiphelo, kwaye iye yaphuhliswa kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nemifanekiso yedijithali yokuqala eyayingenanyani kunye nokuguda.
Iinkqubo zokusetyenziswa kombala
I-bitmap yeyona yamandulo kwezi zimbini zikhoyo, kuba ivumela kuphela umahluko omkhulu wemibala engama-256, ipixel nganye ene-byte enye, oku kubandakanya kuphela ipixels ezikhowudwe liqela lamasuntswana obude obunikiweyo. Ikhowudi yePixel iya kugqiba inani lemibala eyahlukileyo onokuboniswa ngumfanekiso.
Kwelinye icala, imifanekiso yemibala yokwenyani ineebhayithi ezintathu ngepikseli nganye, iphinda kathathu isiphumo sokwahluka okunokwenzeka, ihamba ngaphezulu kwe-16 yezigidi zeenketho zemibala, inika umfanekiso oyinyani ngakumbi.
Ukuguqulwa kwedatha yamanani egcinwe kwi-pixel ibe ngumbala kufuna ukwazi ubunzulu kunye nokukhanya, kodwa kunye nomzekelo wombala oza kusetyenziswa, imodeli eqhelekileyo, esele ikhankanywe ngasentla, yi-RGB (Red-Green-Blue) eyenza imibala. ukusuka kudibaniso obomvu, obuluhlaza kunye nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe, kuthathelwa ingqalelo oko kwakuchazwe ngaphambili, ukuba sikwajongene nentetho ecacileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-pixel efile, apho sinokubandakanya nayiphi na i-pixel engasebenzi ngokuchanekileyo okanye njengoko kufanele ukuba yintoni, umzekelo, isikrini sokubonisa. Uhlobo lwe-LCD.
Kwelinye icala, asinakubulibala ubukho bento ebizwa ngokuba yi-pixel ebambekileyo, ephawulwa ngokuba nombala oqinileyo, nokuba uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye oluhlaza, kwaye kufuneka sikhumbule i-pixel eshushu, laa pixel imhlophe esihlala siyifumana kuyo.
I-pixels ithatha indima ebalulekileyo kwihlabathi le-animation esingenakuyihoxisa, ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba kudalwe uhlobo olutsha lobugcisa, owaziwayo phantsi kwegama le-Pixel Art. iqulathe ukuhlela imifanekiso esuka kwikhompyuter, kusetyenziswa uthotho lweenkqubo zekhompyuter ezithe ngqo.
Ngaphandle kolu qeqesho sinokufumana izinto ezimbini ezibalulekileyo: enye ekuphunyezwayo ngayo iziphumo ezithathu-ntathu, isimbo se-isometric, kunye nezinye ezichongiweyo njengezinto zonke ezingawiyo kudidi lwangaphambili, olungeyo- isometric.
Uhlobo lwemifanekiso echatshazelwa yi-pixelation
Nangona kukho imizekeliso ye-pixelated ngabom, esi siphumo sinokuba mnandi kwimeko yemifanekiso emininzi, kuba nangona ibingekho, umfanekiso wedijithali ubungayi kwenza nokuba, zenzelwe ukuyibumba, ingaveli okanye iqatshelwe. kuzo, ngaphandle kokuba zifunwa.
Kwimeko nayiphi na into, esi siphumo siya kuchaphazela kuphela xa sikhulisa imifanekiso yethu ekwiifomathi zegraphic bitmap, ngamanye amazwi, iya kuchaphazela yonke loo mifanekiso ikwi-BMP, TIFF, JPEG, PNG, kunye nabanye.
Ukwazi oku sinokucacisa ukuba kukho iindidi ezimbini zemifanekiso, le ikhankanywe ngasentla, uhlobo lwe-bitmap, eyaziwa ngokuba yiRaster okanye uhlobo lwe-vector, olwahlukileyo omnye komnye kuba imifanekiso ye-bitmap inokugcina ulwazi lombala wepixel nganye, imisela ngale ndlela. umgangatho wokugqibela womfanekiso.
Olu hlobo lomfanekiso luthintelwe zizinto ezingenakulungiswa ngaphandle kokuncama umgangatho, njengobude, ububanzi, ubunzulu bombala kunye nesisombululo, zonke ezo zingamaxabiso amiselweyo ayalela ukuba umfanekiso awunakwandiswa kuso nasiphi na isisombululo. pixelation, umgangatho wokuncama.
Kwelinye icala, imizobo yevektha imele umfanekiso usebenzisa izinto zejometri, ezinje ngeBézier curves kunye neepolygons, kwaye inokwandiswa ngaphandle kwezithintelo kwinqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu leenkcukacha.
Ngokulandelayo, ngenxa yezi zizathu, kwindawo yoyilo lwegraphic kunye noshicilelo, ifomathi yomfanekiso wevector ihlala ikhethwa xa ibethwa okanye iifonti eziya kushicilelwa kwinto eyaziwa ngokuba bubuchule begigantography, kuba, njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, Inokwandiswa kalikhulu ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
Okufanayo akwenzeki xa sizama ukuprinta iifoto kwi-bitmap kwaye sifuna ukuba zibe zikhulu, kuba ngale ndlela uthe umfanekiso kufuneka ulungiswe ngokukodwa, kwaye uphathwe ukuze sikwazi ukufikelela kwisisombululo esiphezulu, into eya kusivumela ukuba siphumelele. ukuphumeza ushicilelo ngokobungakanani obuninzi.
Siyakumema ukuba ufunde elinye lamanqaku anomdla: Ukugcinwa kolwazi.