Ngokuthandwa kwe-inthanethi, kuye kwavela amagama amasha, ikakhulukazi ahlobene nomkhakha wesayensi yekhompyutha. Omunye wabo amanethiwekhi wekhompyutha, ezinokubakhona okukhulu empilweni yethu yansuku zonke kunokucabanga kwethu.
Kodwa-ke, uma ungazi ukuthi ziyini lezi, ungakhathazeki, khona-ke sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi ngakho.
Ayini amanethiwekhi ekhompyutha?
Ukuqala ngendatshana, kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi yini i- amanethiwekhi wekhompyutha. Lawa angachazwa njengawo wonke lawo manethiwekhi avumela ukuxhumana kolwazi neqembu lezinhlelo zekhompiyutha ezixhumene komunye nomunye, futhi kungenxa yazo zonke lezi ukuthi kungenzeka ukwabelana ngolwazi kumaphakethe wedatha adluliselwa ngezindlela ama-impulses amancane kagesi. .
Yikholwe noma ungakukholwa, amanethiwekhi angenazintambo anezinto ezifanayo okufanele zenziwe njengezinye izindlela zokuxhumana esizaziyo, ngoba zinesidlulisi, isamukeli nomyalezo. Kodwa-ke, umehluko omkhulu ukuthi labo ababhekene nokuthumela nokwamukela le milayezo yizinhlelo zamakhompyutha.
Namuhla, futhi kulo mhlaba ogcwele amakhompyutha, amanethiwekhi wekhompyutha akuzo zonke izici zempilo yethu, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihlobene nokuphathwa kwezinsizakusebenza.
Imininingwane ethokozisayo ngukuthi, uma uyibona kahle, singasho ukuthi yonke i-Intanethi esiyithola ngamadivayisi wethu yinethiwekhi enkulu yamakhompyutha emhlabeni wonke. Konke lokhu kuxhumana phakathi kwamakhompyutha kwenziwa Izinhlobo ze-TCP / IP.
Konke lokhu esikutshele khona kumane nje kuyisiqalo seqhwa, ngoba kuningi izinhlobo zamanethiwekhi ekhompyutha ukuthi kufanele wazi, ukuze ube nombono ocacile futhi onembe kakhudlwana wakho konke lokhu okubandakanya.
Izinhlobo zamanethiwekhi ekhompyutha
Ukuhlukanisa amanethiwekhi wamakhompiyutha abe yizinhlobo, kufanele sikwenze ngosayizi nobuchwepheshe bawo. Esifanele ukukwazi ukuthi ngendlela elula, sizokutshela ngakho ngezansi.
I-Los izinhlobo zamanethiwekhi ekhompyutha, sizobazi bahlukaniswe ngosayizi wabo.
Amanethiwekhi we-LAN
Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Local Area Network noma i-Local Area Network, iqoqo lamanethiwekhi, amancane kakhulu, futhi akhona ezindaweni ezincane, njengomnyango, i-cyber café, phakathi kwabanye.
Inethiwekhi ye-LAN, njengoba igama layo lisho, ukuxhumana kwendawo kwendawo, okungukuthi, ngezinga elincane.
Amanethiwekhi MAN
Ziyisichazamazwi seMetropolitan Area Network, esaziwa nangokuthi yiMetropolitan Area Network. Ungahle ungabazi, kepha yigama elinikezwe lawo manethiwekhi osayizi bawo ongathathwa njengophakathi nendawo. Singabheka njengesibonelo labo abakhona emitatsheni enkulu yolwazi noma ezikhungweni zemanyuvesi, kwezinye izinkampani naphakathi kwezinye izibonelo.
Amanethiwekhi we-WAN
Isichazamazwi saso sivela kuWide Area Network, esihunyushwe sisuselwa esiNgisini siye kuWide Area Network, esibhekisa kulabo abafinyelela kakhulu, njenge-Intanethi.
Isibonelo esilula kakhulu sakamuva uhlobo lwamanethiwekhi, I-WAN, yi-Intanethi, njengoba imelela iqoqo lamanethiwekhi ekhompiyutha emhlabeni wonke, lapho umhlaba wonke uxhumene khona.
Ngemuva kwalokho, sinamanethiwekhi ekhompyutha angahlukaniswa ngokuya ngobuchwepheshe lapho amakhompyutha axhunywe khona.
Amanethiwekhi wemidiya aqondiswayo
Lolu uhlobo lwenethiwekhi lapho amakhompyutha axhunywe khona ngamasethi wezintambo ezithile, njenge-fiber optics, ama-pair asontekile, phakathi kwabanye. Ngenye yemikhawulo kakhulu ngokwesayizi, nayo.
Amanethiwekhi wemidiya angaxhasiwe
Ngokungafani nohlobo lwangaphambilini, lapho kwakusetshenziswa izintambo nezinhlelo zomzimba ukufeza ukuxhumana, sinokuthi kulokhu amakhompyutha axhunywe ngezindlela ezihlakazeke kakhulu futhi anebanga elikhulu, njengama-microwave, ama-infrared kanye namagagasi omsakazo.
Lezi yizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zamanethiwekhi ekhompyutha, yize kungezona zodwa, njengoba kukhona ezinye ezibonakala ngobudlelwano bazo obusebenzayo, izinhlobo topology yenethiwekhi, ikheli ledatha, phakathi kwezinye izinto. Kepha sigxile ekukutsheleni lezo ezivame kakhulu ukukuthola nsuku zonke.
Uma ufuna ukujulisa lolu lwazi, ungakhetha ukubhalisa kufayela le- izifundo zokuxhumana, ongakusebenzisa kahle ukufundela kwakho.
Kungani sidinga amanethiwekhi ekhompyutha?
Amanethiwekhi ekhompyutha asiza abasebenzisi benethiwekhi ukuthi babelane ngezinsizakusebenza nasekuxhumaneni. Ungacabanga ngomhlaba manje ongenama-imeyili, amaphephandaba aku-inthanethi, amabhulogi, ingxoxo, nezinye izinsizakalo ezinikezwa yi-Intanethi?
Okulandelayo ukusetshenziswa okubalulekile nezinzuzo zenethiwekhi yekhompyutha:
- Yabelana ngamafayela: Ukuxhumana ngamakhompyutha kusiza abasebenzisi benethiwekhi babelane ngamafayela wedatha.
- Ukwabelana ngehadiwe: Abasebenzisi bangabelana ngamadivayisi afana namaphrinta, ama-scanner, ama-CD-ROM drives, ama-hard drive, njll. Ngaphandle kwamanethiwekhi ekhompyutha, ukwabelana ngamadivayisi akunakwenzeka.
- Yabelana ngezinhlelo zokusebenza: Izinhlelo zingabiwa ngenethiwekhi, futhi lokhu kuvumela ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zeklayenti / zeseva.
- Ukuxhumana nomsebenzisi: Amanethiwekhi avumela abasebenzisi ukuxhumana besebenzisa i-imeyili, amaqembu ezindaba, kanye nengqungquthela yevidiyo, njll.
- Ukudlala kwenethiwekhi: Kunemidlalo eminingi yenethiwekhi etholakalayo, evumela abasebenzisi abaningi ukuthi badlale kusuka ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene.
- Izwi nge-IP (VoIP): I-Voice over Internet Protocol (IP) inguquko kwezinguquko kwezokuxhumana ngocingo evumela ukuthi izingcingo (idatha yezwi) zithunyelwe kusetshenziswa i-Internet Protocol ejwayelekile (IP) esikhundleni sePSTN yendabuko.
Incazelo yevidiyo yamanethiwekhi ekhompyutha
Izinto zenethiwekhi yekhompyutha
Ngokuvamile, amanethiwekhi wekhompyutha anezakhi esizozisho ngezansi.
Amaseva
Baphethe ukwenza yonke inqubo yokuhamba kwedatha, ngendlela efanayo nokuthi bakhonza kanjani amakhompyutha kunethiwekhi futhi bakwenze kube yinye ukulawula kwawo. Yize kumanethiwekhi, amakhompiyutha awanabo ubukhosi obufanayo ngaso sonke isikhathi, kungashiwo ukuthi amaseva ayingxenye ebalulekile yawo.
Amaklayenti noma i-Workstation
Indawo yokusebenza ihunyushwa njengendawo yokusebenza, futhi lawa ngamagama anikezwa lawo makhompyutha angasebenzi njengamaseva, kepha njengengxenye yayo yonke inethiwekhi uqobo, ngaleyo ndlela evumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bakwazi ukuyifinyelela.
Izindlela zokudlulisa
Leli yigama elinikezwe leyo mithombo yezindaba ebonakalayo noma engabonakali esetshenziselwa ukufeza ukudluliselwa ngempumelelo kolwazi. Ezinye izibonelo izintambo noma amagagasi kagesi.
Izakhi zehadiwe
Kuleli qophelo, siyaqonda izakhi zehadiwe njengalezo zinto zomzimba ezenza ukuxhumana kube lula, njengama-chips we-WiFi kumakhompyutha, amamodemu we-Intanethi noma ama-routers, ama-antenna abamba ukuxhumana, phakathi kwabanye.
Ngamanye amagama, yiyo yonke leyo nto evumela ukuxhumeka kwi-Intanethi noma kumanethiwekhi.
Izakhi zesoftware
Ekugcineni, futhi ngokungafani neyangaphambilini, sinezinto ezihlobene nezinhlelo zekhompyutha ezidingekayo ukufeza ukuxhumana.
Isibonelo esibaluleke kunazo zonke esingasisho yi Uhlelo Lokusebenza Kwenethiwekhi, enesibopho sokugcina ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi, ukusekela ama-antivirus, firewall kanye ne-Internet protocols, evumela ukuthi amakhompyutha azwane.