Imishini yezobuchwepheshe namadivayisi anezigaba ezinengqondo zokwenza umsebenzi wazo, lokhu kwaziwa njenge isisekelo software ethula izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezakhiwo.
Yakha izingxenye ezinengqondo zekhompyutha
Isoftware eyisisekelo
Njengamanje siphila ezweni lapho ubuchwepheshe bubalulekile emisebenzini yansuku zonke, ama-softwares yizinhlelo ezitholakala kumakhompiyutha avumela ukwenziwa okunengqondo ngokulandelana kwedatha, kanye nokudluliswa kolwazi nezinki. Ngokwemiyalo esetshenziswe kukhompyutha noma eminye idivayisi kagesi.
Ukusebenzisana kwehardware nesoftware nemishini kusetshenziswa ngabashayeli, ngenxa yalokhu kubalulekile ukuthi idivaysi noma ikhompyutha kube nabashayeli abaphethe ukwenza uhlelo lokusebenza ngendlela eyanele. Kulawa makhompyutha ungaba nezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene ezincike ekudlulisweni kwedatha phakathi kwesistimu yokusebenza iye kwikhompyutha.
Ingxenye ngayinye enengqondo yekhompyutha iphathwa yisoftware eyisisekelo, lokhu kwaziwa nangokuthi isoftware yesistimu; uphethe izinhlelo zokusebenza zekhompyutha ezisekhompyutheni ezibalulekile ekusebenzisaneni komsebenzisi ne-interface etholakala kumadivayisi we-elekthronikhi, ngenxa yalokhu kubalulekile ukwazi izinhlobo nezinhlobo zazo.
Izici ze-sisisekelo se -wareware
Omunye wemisebenzi yawo ukunikeza uhlelo ukuxhumana phakathi kwedivayisi nomsebenzisi, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle ekwenzeni izinhlelo ezifakiwe nemiyalo efakiwe. Ngale ndlela ungakhuphula ukusebenza ngokusebenza okuhlelekile kwekhompyutha, ngakho-ke unethuba lokusizakala ngazo zonke izinzuzo ngokuvuselelwa ngakunye.
Ngenxa yesoftware eyisisekelo, imishini namadivayisi anamandla okwandisa ukusebenza kwawo ohlelweni, okungukuthi, kwandisa ijubane lokudluliswa kwedatha ukugwema noma iyiphi inkinga ekwenzeni uhlelo noma uhlelo; ngendlela efanayo, inikeza ngamathuluzi ahlukene okufanele asetshenziswe ezimweni ezahlukahlukene.
Ukusebenza kohlelo olusebenzayo kuyakhuliswa ngokusebenzisa isoftware eyisisekelo, ngenxa yalokhu impilo elusizo yamadivayisi akha ikhompiyutha ingakhuphuka. Ngakho-ke kungashiwo ukuthi ukusebenza kwezobuchwepheshe kugcinelwa isikhathi esithe xaxa, ukuhambisana nezibuyekezo ezenziwa nsuku zonke, ukuze zisetshenziselwe isikhathi esithe xaxa.
Njengamanje kunezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene ezine-software eyisisekelo esebenza kahle futhi efanelekile, phakathi kwazo iWindows ivelele, equkethe uhlelo olusebenzayo olwenziwe yiMicrosoft, ngendlela efanayo kukhona iMac Os eyadalwa yi-Apple; Le mikhiqizo yaziwa umhlaba wonke ngokuba yimikhiqizo esezingeni eliphakeme futhi inikezela ngezinsizakalo ezihamba phambili emkhakheni wekhompyutha.
Uma ufuna ukwazi ngobuchwepheshe obukhulisa ukuthuthukiswa kwekhasi lewebhu, uyamenywa ukuthi ufunde i-athikili ngo- Yini iDrumal? lapho kuchazwa khona izici zayo, amamojula, imisebenzi, ukwakhiwa nezindaba.
Izinhlobo
Izinkampani eziningi zibamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwezinhlelo futhi zakha isoftware eyisisekelo yokwengeza ikhwalithi yokwenza idatha. Izici zalowo nalowo ziyehluka kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwesixhumi esibonakalayo, kanye nenani lamathuluzi umsebenzisi analo ukuthi awasebenzise ngokuya ngecala elivelayo.
Ngokuya ngomkhakha lapho izingxenye ezinengqondo zitholakala okokusebenza, kunganqunywa ezinye izinto ezithambile eziyisisekelo, ezinomsebenzi othile futhi ezisiza ukwenziwa kohlelo njengoba lusetshenziswa ngumsebenzisi. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqala ikhompyutha noma ukumisa ofuna ukukusebenzisa ohlelweni lokusebenza
Isoftware eyisisekelo ibhekele ukwenziwa okufanele kohlelo olusebenzayo kukhompyutha, kunezinhlobo eziningi ezihlukahluka emisebenzini nasemandleni azo. Ngenxa yalokhu, okulandelayo yizinhlobo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezisebenzayo kanye nezimpawu zazo eziyinhloko ukuze ube nolwazi ngezinzuzo nemikhawulo yazo:
Abashayeli bedivayisi
Phakathi kwezinhlobo zesoftware eyisisekelo, iqukethe abashayeli abaziwa nangokuthi abashayeli bedivayisi.Umsebenzi wayo omkhulu ukuhumusha idatha edluliswa isuka ohlelweni lokusebenza iye kudivayisi, ngaleyo ndlela ilawula ukuxhumana kwezinto kukhompyutha, ngendlela evumela ukuthi isebenze kahle.
Ngale software eyisisekelo njengomshayeli kukhona ukuxhumana kwehadiwe ngalinye nesoftware ehambisanayo, lezi zinto zomzimba zidinga isigaba esinengqondo kukhompyutha ukuze ikwazi ukuthumela amasiginali ngendlela yamabhithi ukwenza umsebenzi wayo; ngalokhu, umsebenzisi unethuba lokwenza noma iyiphi into noma nini lapho kunesidingo.
Inikeza ithuba lokufaka isenzo ohlelweni lokusebenza ngokusebenzisa iqoqo lezinto ezibonakalayo ezifakiwe noma ezixhunywe kukhompyutha. Abashayeli baphethe ukuphatha i-hardware ngayinye ngakho-ke bahlelwe ngendlela yokuthi umsebenzisi angabi nezinkinga ekwenzeni ingxenye enengqondo yohlelo oluthile.
Uhlelo Loader
Enye isoftware eyisisekelo ilayisha uhlelo enekhono lokuphatha ukwenziwa kwanoma yiluphi uhlelo kukhompyutha kanye nokulawula ukuqedwa kwanoma yikuphi ukusebenza okunikezwe uhlelo, lokhu kwaziwa nangokuthi Ukusetha, inesibopho sokunikeza umsebenzisi ukuphatha ukunyakaza kokusebenza kwedijithali kudivayisi ukwandisa ukusebenza kwayo.
Ngenxa yale software, noma yikuphi ukusebenza kungenziwa kukhompyutha ngohlelo noma ngohlelo oluthile, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kwesinye isikhathi amadivayisi awakwazi ukuqedela ukusebenza ngenxa yokushoda kwesisetshenziswa esisiza ekudlulisweni kwedatha. uhlelo lokusebenza lohlelo, luzichaya ekuxhumaneni nomsebenzisi.
Ngalayisha uhlelo, isinali ngalinye elithunyelwa ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo lingenziwa ngendlela efanele ngesoftware esetshenzisiwe, idatha idluliswa kusukela lapho uhlelo luqala kuze kube yilapho uhlelo lwayo luvaliwe, ikhompyutha iphethe ukugcina amafayela noma imininingwane yesikhashana njengokuyalelwa ngumsebenzisi ohlelweni lokusebenza.
I-BIOS
I-BIOS iyisoftware eyisisekelo kuhlelo olusebenzayo, futhi ingenye eyaziwa kakhulu ngabasebenzisi ngoba izinkinga eziningi zingaxazululwa ngaleli thuluzi. Iqala kusukela lapho ikhompyutha ibhuqa isistimu ngakho-ke ikhona kunoma imuphi umshini noma ocingweni lwe-elekthronikhi ukuze ikwazi ukuqala uhlelo ngokufanele.
Amathuluzi ekhompyutha aphethwe yi-BIOS futhi anika ithuba lokuthi umsebenzisi akwazi ukufinyelela nokulawula ngokusebenzisa ikhibhodi ngokucindezela ukhiye othize okufanele usungulwe ekucushweni kwale software eyisisekelo. Ngalokhu ungafaka imenyu yangaphakathi yohlelo lokusebenza ukwenza noma yikuphi ukuguqulwa maqondana nekhompyutha njengoba kungaba njalo.
Kukhona ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza lwehluleke kukhompyutha noma kube nenkinga ekusebenzeni kohlelo, nge-BIOS kungenzeka ukubuyisa noma ukulungisa lokhu kwehluleka kwimishini, kodwa-ke kukhona nokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ikhompyutha iphutha ku-BIOS ngakho-ke inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi iyadingeka ukuyilungisa.
I-Firmware
Ekugcineni, kune-software eyisisekelo ebizwa nge-Firmware, inezimfanelo ezinhle ezivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bayisebenzise kukhompyutha yabo ngaphandle kokuba nenkinga ekwenzeni uhlelo. Iqukethe imemori yangaphakathi yedivayisi engenakususwa ngohlelo, futhi ibhekele ukuphathwa kwamasekethe akha imishini ukuze isebenze ngendlela efanelekile.
Uma ufuna ukwazi ngolimi lohlelo, uyakhuthazwa ukubona i-athikili ikuyo C izinhlelo, lapho kuchazwa khona ubuhle bayo, ububi bayo nokunye okuningi.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza
Ziqukethe izinhlelo ezifakwe kumakhompiyutha ukwenza i-interface yazo, ukuze kube yizinhlelo eziyinhloko zedivayisi. Futhi kuyingxenye ye-BIOS ehambisanayo yekhompyutha, ngoba ngokucushwa kwayo imingcele nemisebenzi okufanele yenziwe entweni yokusebenza ingenziwa ngezifiso ngokuya ngezidingo zomsebenzisi.
Ngokusebenzisa amasistimu okusebenza njenge-software eyisisekelo, ukusebenza okuhle kungasungulwa lapho kwenziwa izinhlelo kanye nokudluliswa kwedatha okufanele kwenziwe, isivinini sokusebenza siphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe izinkinga ekuqaliseni ikhompyutha nokusebenzisa Uhlelo oluthile oludinga izinsizakusebenza zekhompyutha, ngoba lokhu kubalulekile ukucabangela izilungiselelo ze-BIOS.
Kusungula indawo ohlelweni lwekhompyutha ukuze ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene ezifakwe kwikhompyutha kube lula; Kubalulekile ukwenza ukulanda okuhambisanayo kwanoma iyiphi isoftware edingekayo emshinini futhi ukusebenza kwayo kuqinisekiswe ku-100% wokusebenza kwayo kanye nokusebenza kwayo, ngenxa yalokhu ijubane lokudluliswa kwedatha elisetshenziswa entweni ngayinye ngesikhathi esifushane.
Ngenxa yalokhu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umsebenzisi abe nolwazi maqondana nezimpawu nezinsizakusebenza ezisungulwe kukhompyutha noma kudivayisi, ngale ndlela bangaba nendlela yokwandisa imisebenzi yabo eyisisekelo bese bengeza izinhlelo ezintsha sebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwekhompiyutha, ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwabo emikhakheni ehlukene njengoba kufakwe ngumsebenzisi.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza njenge-software eyisisekelo zibonakala ngokuba yizinhlelo ezinamandla amakhulu kakhulu kukhompyutha, zona-ke, zinenani elikhulu lezimfanelo kunezinye izinhlobo zesoftware, ngakho-ke kunamandla amakhulu okugcina nokuhambisa imininingwane ehlukahlukene, okungukuthi , unethuba lokwenza izinhlelo ezihlukile ngasikhathi sinye ngaphandle kohlelo lokuwa ngokusebenza kwalo.
Olunye lwezinhlelo ezisebenza kakhulu noma ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yezimfanelo zalo yiWindows, lokhu kungenxa yokwakhiwa kwayo kwezobuchwepheshe nokwazisa, ngoba inamathuluzi ahlukile avumela ukwenziwa okuhle kwesoftware efakwe kukhompyutha, ine-Open umthombo ukuze umsebenzisi abe nethuba lokusungula ukucushwa kwakhe okwenziwe ngezifiso futhi ajwayele imisebenzi yabo.
Kukhona futhi uhlelo olusebenzayo olwenziwe yi-Apple oluqukethe iMac Os, lunethuba lokuthi umthombo ovulekile owanqunyelwe kusengaphambili ungavalwa ukuze umsebenzisi anciphise imininingwane eyenziwe kukhompyutha. Ngokufanayo, kuneLinux ne-Unix ebonakala ngokunikezwa ngekhodi evulekile ukuze itholakale kumsebenzisi oyifaka kukhompyutha noma kudivayisi yakhe.
