Bangaki kithi abangathandi ukundiza ngaphezu kwamafu? Manje sesingakwenza ngejubane le-inthanethi! Ngalesi sihloko uzokwazi yini i-computing yamafu. Jabulela uhambo!
Yini ikhompiyutha yamafu?
Isizinda solwazi siqondisa ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi yeparadigm yedijithali esizithola sikuyo.
Kusukela kuzalwa i-Intanethi, kube nokuthuthuka okuningi okwenzekile eziteshini zokuxhumana zemvelo ebonakalayo. Esinye sezichasiselo zayo ezinkulu yilokho esikwaziyo namuhla njenge-computing yamafu.
Umbono wokuqala walo mqondo wazalwa lapho ochwepheshe bekhompyutha beqala ukumela uxhumano lwe-inthanethi nefu. Umbono wabo bekuwukufanekisela ukuxhumana kwamakhompyutha amaningi ngenethiwekhi yamanethiwekhi, njengesiteshi sokuhamba kolwazi. Kepha empeleni, yini i-computing yamafu.
It is a technology, information and communication service evumela ukufinyelela kusethi yezinsizakusebenza zekhompyutha nge-Intanethi. Lezi zinsizakusebenza zifaka: amanethiwekhi, amaseva, inkumbulo, imishini ebonakalayo nezinhlelo zokusebenza, phakathi kwezinye izinsiza.
Izici
- Iklayenti liyakhokha, ngokuya ngesikhathi nokusetshenziswa kwensizakalo enenkontileka.
- Iningi lezinsizakusebenza ezinenkontileka zigcinwa zihlukile kwimishini yekhompyutha yekhasimende.
- Izinsizakalo ezinikezwa ngumhlinzeki zenzelwe izidingo zamakhasimende.
- Ukusebenziseka kahle kwezinsizakusebenza kuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwazo.
- Yisevisi yedijithali. Ngakho-ke, ayiphatheki.
- Iklayenti alidingi amaseva noma amanethiwekhi alo.
- Ukutholakala kwezinsizakalo iklayenti kuyazenzakalela lapho kudingeka.
- Isicelo sezinsizakalo asibandakanyi ukuxhumana komuntu nomhlinzeki.
- Ikhasimende lingafinyelela insizakalo kusuka kunoma iyiphi indawo ngokutholakala kwe-inthanethi.
- Ukufinyelela ezinsizakalweni akukhawulelwe kunoma iyiphi idivayisi enepulatifomu ye-inthanethi, njengamaselula noma ama-laptops.
- Iklayenti alidingi ukwazi indawo ebonakalayo yomhlinzeki wesevisi.
- Izinsizakalo ezinikezwayo zilungele umsebenzisi, futhi zinenzuzo kumhlinzeki.
- Izinsizakalo zihlinzekwa ngezindlela ezintathu nezindlela ezine zokuqalisa.
Izinzuzo
Ngokuya ngezici zayo, izinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-computing yamafu yilezi:
- Ukufinyeleleka ekusebenzeni okufunwayo nememori.
- Ukwehliswa kwezindleko, umphumela wokonga kumalayisense, ukuphathwa kwezinsiza kanye nemishini.
- Ukonga amandla komhlaba wonke ngenxa yokwehliswa kwama-watts asetshenziswa yimishini esetshenziswayo.
- Ukulungiswa kwamazinga wobumfihlo nemithetho yokuphepha kwekhompyutha.
- Ukuvikelwa kokuqukethwe yizimboni, ukuvimbela ukukopishwa okungekho emthethweni, isibonelo, umculo, amavidiyo nama-movie.
- Izinsiza ezibanzi nezinhlobonhlobo.
- Ukukhululeka kwenkontileka nokuxhaswa kokukhokha.
- Umthamo obanzi wokusekelwa nezeluleko kwezobuchwepheshe.
- Ithuthukisa izindlela ezintsha kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha.
- Noma yimuphi umuntu noma inkampani efuna ukunikela ngezinsizakalo zayo efwini ikhululekile ukwenza kanjalo.
Izingozi
Njenganoma yiliphi ithuluzi lobuchwepheshe, ngaphandle kwezinzuzo zalo, i-network computing nayo inezinkinga zayo.
- Ukuncika ekuxhumekeni kwe-inthanethi, ngenxa yokwehluleka okungenzeka kumaseva wenethiwekhi.
- Ukuvuza kolwazi okubangelwa umthamo omkhulu wedatha egciniwe.
- Ukuba sengozini kwedatha ebucayi ekuhlaselweni ngamakhompyutha.
- Ukuncika kumhlinzeki, umphumela wezimpawu zezinsizakalo.
Indawo yokufaka isicelo
Ngenxa yenguquko yezobuchwepheshe ebisathuthuka eminyakeni edlule, namuhla kunezindawo eziningi ezisebenzisa i-computing yamafu.
Yize kuliqiniso ukuthi ekuqaleni bekukhona ukungathandi ngakolunye uhlangothi kweminye imikhakha, ebibona umkhawulokudonsa njengomkhawulo. Iqiniso ukuthi namuhla, zombili izinhlangano zikahulumeni nezizimele zibeke ithemba lazo lonke ekukhuleni okucacile kwaleli thuluzi elimangalisayo lekhompyutha yanamuhla.
Phakathi kwamakhasimende ayo amakhulu kukhona umkhakha wezezimali nowamabhizinisi, uhulumeni kazwelonke nowamazwe omhlaba, umkhakha wezinto ezintsha nobuchwepheshe, imikhakha yezempilo, ezemfundo namasiko, imikhakha yezomnotho nezinsizakalo zomphakathi, phakathi kokunye.
Ngayinye yale mikhakha ifake izinguquko ezibalulekile endleleni esebenza ngayo, ngenxa yezinsiza ezahlukahlukene eziqhubeka nokuvela nalobu buchwepheshe obusha.
Isandulela
Kungashiwo ukuthi okukhipha okuhamba phambili futhi okudala kunakho konke kwalolu hlobo lwensizakalo yi-imeyili. Yize kusadinga ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi, namuhla, izinsiza zekhompyutha ezabiwe zisetshenziswa kangcono.
Amamodeli Wesevisi
Izindlela ezintathu zensizakalo ezinikezwa yi-computing yamafu zivame ukuqoqwa ngaphansi kwegama elifanayo le-SPI: Isoftware, Ipulatifomu kanye nengqalasizinda. Ngezansi, sinemininingwane ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo ngokwehlukana:
SaaS
Kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi yiSoftware njengesevisi. Umhlinzeki wesevisi unikeza umsebenzisi wokugcina izinhlelo zokusebenza esezivele zisebenza efwini. Iklayenti lifinyelela lezi zinsizakalo nge-interface, etholakala kunoma iyiphi idivayisi ene-intanethi. Ngokuvamile, ukufinyelela kuyazenzakalela, ngokusebenzisa igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi esungulwe iklayenti. Umsebenzisi akazi ngezingqalasizinda ezenza ukuthi ikwazi ukujabulela insizakalo enenkontileka.
I-PaaS
Epulatifomu njengenkonzo, umhlinzeki uvumela umsebenzisi ukuthi athuthukise izinhlelo zokusebenza, ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi nezilimi zokuhlela ezikhona efwini. Izinhlelo zokugcina nezokusebenza, eziphethwe ngumhlinzeki wesevisi, azikwazi ukuphathwa yikhasimende. Ingalawula kuphela izilungiselelo zemvelo yohlelo lokusebenza.
IaaS
Imayelana nengqalasizinda njengensizakalo. Kuyo, umthengi unikezwa ithuba lokucubungula nokugcina izinsizakusebenza zamakhompiyutha kunethiwekhi. Umsebenzisi angasebenzisa isoftware ayithandayo, kufaka phakathi amasistimu wokusebenza nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Awunakho ukulawula ingqalasizinda yamafu, kepha ungaphatha zombili izinhlelo zokusebenza, isitoreji nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaphansi. Ikhasimende likhokhela kuphela isikhathi nezinsizakusebenza ezisetshenzisiwe empeleni.
Izinhlobo zokuhambisa
Izinhlobo ezine zokuqalisa ziyahlukaniswa, ngokuya ngenhloso yabasebenzisi izinsizakalo ezibhekiswe kubo.
Ifu langasese
Ingqalasizinda yamafu, ngokujwayelekile, iyasetshenziswa, isetshenziswa futhi iphethwe kuphela ngumsebenzisi wenkontileka wensizakalo, yize isekela okufanayo ngumuntu wesithathu. Ingasebenza ngezinsizakusebenza zekhompyutha ezisezakhiweni zeklayenti noma ngaphandle kwayo.
Ifu lomphakathi
Ingqalasizinda yamafu iyatholakala ezimbonini ezinkulu ezithile. Kubandakanya ukufinyelela okubanzi kunethiwekhi ngumphakathi jikelele, nge-Intanethi noma ngamanethiwekhi wangasese abonakalayo. Lokhu kusebenza kahle kuvumela amaseva amaningi ukuthi aphathwe njengamunye.
Ifu lomphakathi
Ingqalasizinda iyatholakala emphakathini onentshisekelo kuyo, onezidingo ezifanayo noma izinhloso ezifanayo. Bangakwazi ukuphatha izinsiza zefu ngqo noma ngomuntu wesithathu. Ingasebenza endaweni yakho uqobo noma ngaphandle kwesiza. Thuthukisa ukusebenzisana kwamafu.
Ifu leHybrid
Ingqalasizinda yenethiwekhi yabiwa ngamafu amaningana, axhumene nobuchwepheshe obunikazi noma obujwayelekile. Azikho kulezi zinto ezilahlekelwa ubunikazi bazo obuhlukile, kepha ungazuza ezinzuzweni ezinikezwa yifu ngalinye ngokuhlukile. Lokhu kuholela ekutholeni ezinye izici ngomsebenzisi ngamunye.
Abahlinzeka ngemisebenzi
Ngokuya ngamamodeli wezinsizakalo anikezwayo, abahlinzeki bekhompyutha abakhulu bamafu yilawa:
Igxile kumsebenzisi wokugcina (i-SaaS)
- I-Google Apps: Iqembu lezinhlelo zokusebenza elenza lula ukuhlelwa komsebenzi nokuxhumana, ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi, ukuhlela nokuphatha umsebenzi.
- I-Salesforce: Ithuluzi eliqondiswe kakhulu kumakhasimende, lapho ungagcina khona irekhodi layo yonke imisebenzi eyenziwa, njengamathuba namadili.
- I-Dropbox: Inikeza ithuba lokufinyelela i-hard drive noma ifolda ebonakalayo kusuka kunoma iyiphi ikhompyutha. Idinga ukuvumelanisa ifayela.
- I-Zoho / Work on line: Yiprosesa ekuvumela ukuthi wakhe amadokhumenti ahlanganisiwe. Ihambisana ngokuphelele ne-Microsoft Word.
I-Developer Oriented (PaaS)
- I-Windows Azure: Inika ithuba lokuthuthukisa noma lokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ngaphakathi kwefu.
- Force.com: Ithuluzi elenza lula ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuthunyelwa kwezicelo zeselula namawebhusayithi kuwebhu. Inhloso yalo enkulu ukusiza abasebenzi ukuthi bakhiqize ngokwengeziwe maqondana namakhasimende abo.
- Injini Yohlelo Lokusebenza le-Google: Idizayinelwe ukusiza ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza ngokuya ngezidingo zamakhasimende. Ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwezilimi ezahlukahlukene zokuhlela. Ngokwengeziwe, ihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa ngokusebenzisa lokho okuthiwa yiFirewire.
- I-Heroku: Qalisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zamakhasimende ezindaweni zesikhathi sangempela. Isekela izilimi ezahlukahlukene zokuhlela.
Okugxile kohlelo bohlelo (IaaS)
- I-Amazon Web Services: Imelela enye yezingxenyekazi ezahlukahlukene kakhulu ngaphakathi kwefu, njengokuthumela imiyalezo, imininingwane yolwazi, ubuhlakani bokufakelwa, phakathi kwabanye.
- Isilinganiso Esilungile: Inhloso yayo enkulu ukuthengisa isoftware yokuphathwa kwezinsizakusebenza zekhompiyutha efwini, okuhloswe ngayo kubasebenzisi abaningi.
- I-GoGrid Beta: Yisevisi ethembekile nexazululayo. Iyahambisana neLinux neWindows, enesibopho sokunikela ngamathuluzi ahlukahlukene wokusebenzisa ikhompyutha, ngokusebenzisa izivumelwano ezihlukahlukene.
Amathuluzi
Amathuluzi amakhulu wokusebenzisa amafu atholakala emakethe njengomphumela oqondile wobudlelwano bomhlinzeki oshiwo ngenhla;
- I-Doodle: Ngokuyisisekelo, i-online planner. Leli thuluzi elizenzakalelayo likuvumela ukuthi wenze izingcingo futhi uhlele imihlangano.
- Padlet: Ngaleli thuluzi umsebenzisi angagcina futhi abelane ngokuqukethwe kwe-multimedia. Ngokuyinhloko, faka izithombe, amadokhumenti, imisindo, amavidiyo nezethulo.
- I-Google Khalenda: Kuyi-ajenda ye-elektroniki nekhalenda lapho imicimbi ingabiwa khona. Ukuze wenze izimemo, ukuvumelanisa koxhumana nabo be-Gmail kuyadingeka.
- I-Google Drayivu: Inikeza inani elikhulu lesitoreji samahhala. Ihlangana ne-Gmail, i-Google Drayivu nezithombe ze-Google, ngendlela yokuthi zonke izinhlobo zamafayela zingagcinwa futhi zabelwe.
- I-Evernote: Kuyinsiza yekhompyutha ekuvumela ukuthi uhlele imininingwane yakho ngefayela lamanothi. Iyahambisana nezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zokusebenza.
- I-Dropbox: Isebenza njenge-hard disk noma ifayela elibonakalayo, elikuvumela ukuthi wabelane ngamafayela kude.
- I-Owncloud: Ifana neDropbox: Ikuvumela ukuthi ugcine futhi wabelane ngamafayela emafini. Ngokwenza kwayo, kudinga ukuvumelaniswa kwabo. Uma sekwabelwe, amafayela angatholakala kusuka kunoma iyiphi idivayisi enoxhumano lwe-inthanethi.
- I-Zoho: Ithuluzi elinemisebenzi yokwabelana esebenza njengeprosesa yamagama eku-inthanethi.
Isibonelo
Izinto eziyinhloko uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-computing yefu okufanele zibe nazo yilezi:
- Uhlelo lwedatha olulingisa ulwazi lohlelo lokusebenza.
- Isixhumi esibonakalayo, noma isikhombimsebenzisi sesikrini somsebenzisi, esifingqa futhi sibonise idatha nokusebenza lapho iseshini isiqalile.
- I-logic ehambisanayo nokuhamba komsebenzi ukwenza imisebenzi ethile.
Uma unenkampani yokuthengisa ukudla, futhi ufuna ukudala uhlelo lokuphathwa kwempahla, ithuluzi lomsebenzi eliyinhloko onalo yi-invoyisi ekhishwe yinkampani. Inani lezinto ezithengisiwe nenani elitholwe ekuthengisweni liyaboniswa.
Ngokuya ngemininingwane enikezwe ngama-invoice, imodeli yohlelo kanye nohlelo lwedatha lwenzelwe ukulandelela ukusebenza kwempahla yokudla. Isixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi esivele sikhona siyashintshwa, ngokuya ngemininingwane yenkampani nomqondo wohlelo lokusebenza. Ngendlela yokuthi kutholakala uchungechunge lwemibiko nemibiko esiza ukwazi isimo esikhona sebhizinisi. Lokhu kusiza ekuthathweni kwezinqumo.
Ukwenziwa kwesicelo sekhompiyutha yamafu kudinga ukubhaliswa endaweni enezinhloso eziningi. Okuvumela, ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi nezimvume, ukuthuthukisa, ukuhlola nokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zekhompyutha kunethiwekhi.
Lapho uhlelo lokusebenza seludaliwe efwini, luyahambisana namawebhusayithi nezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula, okuvumela ukuxhumana nabanye abantu nokwabelana ngemininingwane phakathi kwabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga eliphezulu lokuvikelwa kwedatha liyatholakala futhi ukufinyelela kubasebenzisi abathile kuyachazwa.
Unekhono lokusebenzisana nezinhlelo zangaphandle, nokuqhubeka nokwenza nokufaka izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlanganisiwe.
Iziphetho
- I-Cloud computing ubuchwepheshe, ulwazi nezinsizakalo zokuxhumana, ezinikezwa nge-inthanethi.
- Ithuluzi lobuchwepheshe elinobungane, elifinyelelekayo, eliguquguqukayo, eliguquguqukayo, eliguquguqukayo nelingabizi kakhulu.
- I-SaaP yenzelwe umthengi wokugcina. Inikeza izinhlelo zokusebenza eseziqediwe ezingakujabulela ngokuzenzakalela.
- I-PaaS ivumela abathuthukisi bezinhlelo ukuthi bazenzele ezabo izinhlelo.
- I-IaaS inikeza izinsizakalo zengqalasizinda ezisezingeni elifanele, ngokusebenzisa amandla ezinsizakusebenza zekhompyutha.
- Ifu lomphakathi linikeza izinsizakalo zamakhasimende amaningi ngasikhathi sinye.
- Efu yangasese izinsizakalo zilawulwa ngumhlinzeki.
- Ifu lomphakathi lihloselwe ababambiqhaza.
- La ifu elixubile ivumela ukuxhumana phakathi kwamakhasimende amaningi okuphathelene.