Izinto zebhodi lomama lekhompyutha

Kukhona abazibuza ukuthi izinguquko zenzelwani. Abanye baze babesabe. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhulunywa ngobuchwepheshe, zihlala zidingeka njalo. Ukusesha okungapheli kokuthuthuka kokusebenza kwefayela le- izakhi ze-motherboard ikhompyutha, yisibonelo sayo.

Izakhi zebhodi lomama: umqondo

Njengezinye izinto eziningi emhlabeni wobuchwepheshe, i-motherboard ihamba ngamagama ahlukahlukene. Ngendlela yokuthi le ngxenye yekhompyutha ibuye ibizwa njalo: i-motherboard, i-logic board noma i-system board. Ekugcineni, uyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yekhompyutha, njengoba kunguye oxhuma zonke izinto zayo futhi asungule ukuxhumana phakathi kwazo.

Ngemuva kwalokho kuyipuleti elingunxande elenziwe ngezinto eziyinhloko ezahlukahlukene, njenge:

• I-microprocessor, enamathele entweni ebizwa ngesokhethi.
• Imemori, imvamisa iba ngesimo samamojula.
• Izikhala zokunweba lapho amakhadi axhunyiwe khona.
• Ama-chips wokulawula ahlukahlukene.

Kamuva, sizokhuluma ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nalezi zinto. Okwamanje, sizosungula izinhlobo eziyinhloko zebhodi lomama ezikhona, futhi esezikhona.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko

Sekuyiminyaka, abakhiqizi bezingxenye zebhodi lomama bebelokhu besungula amazinga, ngokuya ngokuma nokuhlelwa kwezinto, ngokomthetho ukwehlisa utshalomali noma izindleko nokwenza lula ukushintshana kwabo. Ngokuya ngalawa mazinga, kwavela izinhlobo ezilandelayo zamabhodi womama:

Ingane-AT

Kuyizinga elijwayelekile eligcinwe iminyaka, kusukela kumodeli engu-286 kuya ePentium yokuqala, maphakathi no-1996. Yavuselelwa njalo ukusekela izici ezintsha ezazenziwa. Leli qiniso, kanye nokuthi bekulula kanjani ukufaka esikhundleni i-motherboard yalolu hlobo, likwenze kwaba yifomethi yokuqala engathuthukiswa emlandweni.

Kodwa-ke, ngokuvela kwamakhadi omsindo, ama-CD-ROM nezinye izinto zangaphandle, ubuthakathaka babo baziwa, njengokuthi: ukusakazwa komoya kahle emabhokisini nezintambo ezeqile zokusebenza kwawo. Izici ezisheshise ukuphuma kwayo emakethe.

I-LPX

Kungumklamo ojwayelekile wamakhompiyutha wedeskithophu anebhokisi elincane, elilingana ne-Baby-AT, elakhiwe ngasekupheleni kuka-1986. wethule uchungechunge lwezinto ezimbi ezenze ukuthi lingasetshenziswa.

Okokuqala, imininingwane yefomethi ibingakaze ibe sesidlangalaleni ngokuphelele, obekuyisithiyo ekuvuseleleni izinto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamabhodi e-LPX bezingahambelani, okwenza kube nzima ukushintshana phakathi kwazo. Ekugcineni, ngenxa yokutholakala kwekhadi maphakathi nebhodi, ukushabalalisa ukushisa kwakunzima. Iqiniso eligcizelelwe ngo-1997, okwadala ukuwa kwalo kokugcina.

ATX

Kungukuphakama okujwayelekile. Yazalwa ngonyaka we-1995, imele ukuthuthuka okukhulu kunamamodeli amabili wangaphambilini, ikakhulukazi ngohlelo lokungenisa umoya nokwehla kwenani lekhebula ngaphakathi kwalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umakhi wayo ushicilele imininingwane yefomethi, eyenze ukuthi isabalale ngokushesha futhi ibe yifomethi ethandwa kakhulu kuze kube namuhla.

Njengamanje, iningi lezinzuzo zalo zigcinwa, njenge: ukuhanjiswa ngaphakathi kwayo kwezinto ezifana ne-CPU, inkumbulo nezixhumi zangaphakathi. Kanye nokwenza ngcono kohlelo lokupholisa, ngaphandle kwezindleko eziphansi zomkhiqizi.

Imiklamo yokuphathelene

Angamapuleti osayizi nobukhulu obukhethekile, aklanywe ngabakhiqizi abakhulu bamakhompyutha, ikakhulukazi ngoba imiklamo ekhona ayihambelani nezidingo zabo. Ngakho-ke, zingamamodeli akhethekile, angawomkhiqizi oyedwa. Azisetshenziswa kabanzi ngoba imininingwane yefomethi ayikho esidlangalaleni, futhi amapuleti emodeli efanayo, kepha avela kubakhiqizi abahlukile, awahambelani.

Amamodeli asendulo (ngaphambi kwemodeli ye-ATX), asetshenziswa yimishini yokuqala yekhompyutha. Zazizinkulu ngosayizi futhi zazitholakala embhoshongweni wamakhompyutha. Babedinga isikhala esivelele ukufaka amakhadi wedivayisi, njengamavidiyo, izilawuli ze-floppy disk, isilawuli sediski enzima, amachweba we-serial kanye ne-parallel. Njengoba inani lamabhodi axhumene landa, ukuthembeka komhlangano kwehlile. Ijubane eliphezulu le-CPU lalifinyelela ku-10 MHz. Babenesixhumi esisodwa sangaphandle, leso sekhibhodi, thayipha i-DIN. Babenendawo yombhalo ngaphandle kwehluzo.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, imodeli yamanje ye-ATX ifaka amachweba angaphandle futhi yenza banzi ukufakwa kwekhibhodi, igundane, imbobo efanayo, imbobo ye-serial namachweba e-USB cishe kuwo wonke amabhodi womama. Ezimweni eziningi, kufaka phakathi ukufakwa kwamachweba enethiwekhi, umsindo kanye nevidiyo. Ukuhlanganiswa okukhulu nokuncishiswa kokuxhunywa kwemishini kukhulisa ukuthembeka kwenhlangano. Ngokuvamile, iletha ukunikezwa kwamandla okuthuthukile ngamathuba amakhulu.

Incazelo ejwayelekile

Phakathi kwezici eziyinhloko zebhodi lomama lekhompyutha yilezi:

• Kuyipuleti elingunxande elenziwe ngezinto ze-semiconductor (zokwenziwa), lapho kukhona khona isifunda esiphrintiwe se-elekthronikhi.
• Usayizi wayo uyahlukahluka, kepha imvamisa kungenye yezinto eziphawuleka kakhulu kubhodi yomama ngaphakathi kombhoshongo wekhompyutha.
• Idizayinelwe ukukwazi ukwengeza imingcele emisha namakhadi wokunweba, njengehluzo, amakhadi womsindo namanethiwekhi.
• Ukuxhunyaniswa kwengxenye ye-PC kumisiwe futhi kuchazwa kahle. Ukuze noma yimuphi umkhiqizi akwazi ukuklama izingxenye zokuxhuma kubhodi yomama ehlangabezana nalezo zindinganiso.
• Ukufakwa kwekhadi lomsindo nevidiyo ngaphakathi kwebhodi lomama le-tablet noma i-laptop, kuvimbela lezi zinto ukuthi zibuyekezwe.
• Inochungechunge lwezixhumi ezibheke ngaphandle kombhoshongo, futhi ezivumela ukushintshaniswa kolwazi nezinye izinto ezixhumeke kalula nezinqanyuliwe, kufaka phakathi amachweba wePS / 2, amachweba we-USB namachweba enethiwekhi.
• Imininingwane ayidluliswa ngezintambo, kodwa ngamabhasi (amakhebuli akhethekile), okudala ukulahleka okuncane kwemininingwane.
• Ngokuya ngenani lezikhala ezitholakala kubhodi yomama, imemori engaphezulu noma encane ingafakwa kukhompyutha.
• Ngokulandelayo, inani lezikhala zokunweba ezizosetshenziswa lincike kwinani lezixhumi ezitholakala ekhadini. Kanye nohlobo lwebhasi elizoshayelwa.
• Akubalulekanga kuphela ukwazi ukucaciswa kwezinto okufanele zifakwe. Kuyadingeka futhi ukubhekisisa imininingwane yohlobo lweprosesa esizoyithola. Ngale ndlela, sigwema ukungahambisani nohlelo lokusebenza.
• Ukuthi ibhodi yomama ingeyesigaba esisodwa noma esinye ayiguquli, okungenani ngombono, ekusebenzeni kwemisebenzi yayo, noma ngekhwalithi yayo.
• Uhlelo lokupholisa lwebhodi lomama lunomthelela ekusebenzeni kwehardware efakwe kuyo.
• Yize i-motherboard ye-PC ivumela ukufakwa kwezinto ezintsha, ebhodini lomama le-laptop okuwukuphela kwento engashintshwa noma ivuselelwe imemori ye-RAM.

Manje, ngokwazi izici eziyinhloko zebhodi lomama lekhompyutha, sizoqhubeka singene emininingwaneni yengxenye ngayinye eyakha ngokuhlukile.

Izinto

Ngaphandle kokuthi kube nesizathu esikhethekile sokuqala incazelo ye- izakhi ze-motherboard eyodwa noma enye ngqo, sizoyenza ngale ndlela elandelayo:

Isokhethi ye-microprocessor

I-element ithengiswa kubhodi yomama, ngaphakathi okuyi-microprocessor. I-microprocessor iyingxenye ye-elekthronikhi, uhlobo lwe-chip, olunamakhulu ama-transistor ngaphakathi kwayo, okuthi uma kuhlanganisiwe kuvumele i-chip ukuthi yenze umsebenzi wayo. Ngenxa yokubaluleka komsebenzi wayo, kujwayelekile ukusho ukuthi i-microprocessor ubuchopho bekhompyutha.

Lawula i-chipset

Njengoba igama layo likhombisa, liqembu noma isethi yamachips, elibhekele ukulawula ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-microprocessor nememori noma i-cache, naphakathi kwe-microprocessor ne-port control. Iyasebenza-ke njengesilawuli sokudluliswa kolwazi.

Njengomphumela womthethonqubo oshiwo, ukusebenza okuphansi noma okuphezulu kwe-microprocessor kuyatholakala, maqondana nenkumbulo nokusebenza kwezinto ezisemaphethelweni.

INorth Bridge

Kuyingxenye ye-chipset yokulawula. Umsebenzi wawo omkhulu ukushintshanisa idatha phakathi kwe-microprocessor, i-RAM nekhadi lemidwebo.

Itholakala phakathi kwe-CPU ne-RAM, ngaphakathi kwe-microprocessor. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwejubane elikhulu eyenzayo nge-RAM, kuyaphoqeleka ukuthi kususwe ukushisa, ngokufaka i-radiator.

ISouth Bridge (Southbridge)

Yenye ingxenye egcwalisa i-chipset yokulawula. Ngokungafani nomnyango osenyakatho, unesibopho sokuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi we-peripheral nezinto zokugcina ze-computer.

Umsebenzi wawo omkhulu ukuhlinzeka nge-chipset, amabhasi kanye namadivayisi wokugcina, phakathi kokunye, ngokomzimba, kutholakala phakathi kwe-CPU nezindawo zokunweba.

Imemori ye-BIOS (Basic Input / Output System)

Kuyinto uhlelo lokuqala ukusebenzisa kukhompyutha. Igxila kwimizila esezingeni eliphansi, evumela ukuthi ibhuthwe ngohlelo lokusebenza. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo, imemori yokufunda kuphela, okungukuthi, ayincikile kunoma iyiphi enye into efakwe kukhompyutha.

Omunye wemisebenzi yawo ebalulekile ukukwazi ukufaka uhlelo olusha lokusebenza kukhompyutha. Futhi, lungisa okonakele.

Imemori ye-CMOS (RAM CMOS)

I-Chip, uhlobo lwebhethri, esetshenziselwa ukugcina yonke imininingwane yokumiswa kwe-PC, kanye nosuku nesikhathi. Ivumela ukuthi uma i-PC icishiwe, idatha nemingcele ebisivele isunguliwe, nokuthi idinga ukusebenza, ayilahleka. Lolu hlobo lwebhethri luzigcwalisa kabusha njalo uma ikhompyutha ivuliwe. Ukuphela kwebhethri kubangela ukungafani kwewashi / ikhalenda nokulahleka kwamapharamitha wokusetha aqoshiwe.

Inqolobane

Kuyinto inkumbulo esheshayo phakathi kwabo bonke abakha i-motherboard. Ngale ndlela, ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwekhompyutha ekufuneni imininingwane esetshenziswa kakhulu. Kubhekwa njengebhuloho phakathi kwe-microprocessor ne-RAM enkulu yememori.

Ngokuqondene nendawo eyiyo, kuya ngomenzi wayo. Kwezinye izimo kungabonakala kuthengiselwe i-motherboard noma isokhethi, futhi kwezinye izimo kungatholakala ngaphakathi kwe-microprocessor.

I-RAM noma imemori enkulu yememori

Ukuqoqwa kwama-chips amaningi lapho kuxhunywe khona amamojula wememori eyinhloko, asebenza njengendawo yokugcina yesikhashana yedatha enamandla, ukuze ingadingi ukutholwa kwi-hard disk. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lawa ma-module ahlukahlukene ngosayizi, amandla kanye nendlela yokuxhuma, aqeda izinkinga zokwandiswa kwememori nendawo ngaphakathi kwebhodi lomama okwethulwe ezikhathini zasendulo.

Izikhala zokunweba

Izikhala lapho kufakwa noma yiluphi uhlobo lwekhadi lokunweba, kungakhathalekile ukuthi kuyividiyo, umsindo noma amakhadi enethiwekhi. Zenzelwe ukusebenza njengendlela yokwengeza izinto ezingeziwe kukhompyutha. Iningi lazo lifane nezilinganiso, kepha kukhona okunye okukhethekile kubakhiqizi. Izikhala ezinkulu zokunweba zibhalwe ngezansi, ngokuya ngokuvela kwazo emakethe:

• I-ISA: Kwanele ukuxhuma imodemu noma ikhadi lomsindo, kepha hhayi ikhadi levidiyo. Ine ukuhambisana okuphezulu
• I-Micro Channel MCA: Kuvele ukuthi ifuna ukuxazulula ukulinganiselwa kwe-ISA, futhi yagcina ingahambelani nayo. Akuzange kuphumelele.
• I-EISA: Yenzelwe ukuvala igebe le-MCA. Kwakunokusebenza okuncishisiwe futhi kwahlanganiswa kuphela amaqembu ezingeni elithile. Ukucaciswa kwayo bekungekho esidlangalaleni.
• IVesa Local Bus: Kwakuyinguqulo esheshayo ye-ISA. Ayinazo izinzuzo ze-MCA ne-EISA (ukumiswa kwesoftware nokwenza kahle ibhasi). Inikeze ukufinyelela okuqondile kwimemori, ngejubane leprosesa. Yanyamalala lapho kufika abaprosesa basePentium.
• I-PCMCIA: Babengenawo ama-slots futhi babonisa imemori khadi, ekhethekile kumenzi ngamunye. Ukusetshenziswa okuphansi, ikakhulukazi kuma-PC aluhlaza.
• I-PCI / PCI-64: Kwanele ukwengeza izinto ezahlukahlukene zangaphakathi, ngaphandle kwamakhadi wevidiyo. Zihlukile kubhasi lohlelo, kepha zinokufinyelela kwimemori. Ibhuloho lisetshenziselwa ukuxhumana ne-CPU. Vumela ukuphazamiseka okwabiwe. Kube yiside kakhulu kuze kube manje. Ishintshwa nge-PCI Express.
• Mini PCI: Kuyinto lithathelwe PCI for laptops noma motherboards amancane. Izibonelo zalolu hlobo lwekhadi zifaka: i-Wi-Fi, imodemu, izilawuli ze-SCSI neze-SATA.
• I-AGP: Isetshenziswa njengomphelelisi wezindawo ze-PCI, ngoba zisebenza kuphela ukuxhuma amakhadi evidiyo e-3D. Idalelwe ukukhulisa izinga lokudluliswa kohlelo olungaphansi lwehluzo. Kwakunebhasi layo ledatha.
• I-AMR: Isetshenziswa kuphela ngama-softmodems, ukwehlisa izindleko ngokususa ezinye izinto. Ikhishwe ngo-1998 yamadivayisi alalelwayo njengamakhadi womsindo noma amamodemu. Kuyingxenye yezinga lomsindo le-AC97, elisasebenza nanamuhla. Yenzelwe amadivaysi alalelwayo noma ezokuxhumana angabizi kakhulu, njengoba lokhu kuzosebenzisa izinsiza zemishini njenge-microprocessor ne-RAM. Ibe nempumelelo encane kwazise yethulwe ngesikhathi amandla emishini ebengenele ukuxhasa lo mthwalo. Yanyamalala kumabhodi womama wePentium IV naku-AMD kuSocket A.
• I-CNR: Ifana nezindawo ze-AMR, kepha ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo okukhulu. Kuvele amadivayisi wokuxhumana njengamamodemu, iLan noma amakhadi e-USB. Ngo-2000 yethulwa emabhodini we-Pentium processor. Kwakungumklamo wobunikazi ngakho-ke awuzange udlulele ngale kwamabhodi afaka ama-chipsets enkampani yokukhiqiza. Ihlushwa yizinkinga ezifanayo zensiza njengamadivayisi aklanyelwe i-AMR slot. Okwamanje ayifakiwe kumabhodi womama.
• Izikhala ze-PCI Express: Ukuvela kwezindawo ze-AGP. Inzuzo yayo enkulu ukuthi noma yimaphi amamodeli ayo angashintshwa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zamakhadi. Amabhodi amanje athanda ukuba nezixhumi eziphezulu kakhulu ze-PCI ezisebenzisa i-AGP slot yevidiyo.

Isixhumi sikagesi

Isetshenziselwa ukuxhuma izintambo ezizonikeza amandla anele kubhodi yomama, ngomthombo. Emabhodini e-ATX, yinye kuphela.

Izixhumi zangaphakathi

Izixhumi zamadivayisi angaphakathi, njenge: i-hard disk, i-CD-ROM noma isipikha sangaphakathi.

• Ukuxhuma kwamandla: Ubhekele ukuletha amandla kubhodi yomama evela kumthombo wamandla.
• Imiphumela yabalandeli: Umsebenzi wayo omkhulu ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa elikhiqizwa ijubane elikhulu abasebenza ngalo ama-microprocessors.
• Amachweba e-EIDE noma e-FDD: Kumakhompyutha amadala, ukuxhumana kwama-hard drive nama-floppy drives kwakuxhomeke kuwo. Kodwa-ke, kumakhompiyutha anamuhla, lawa afakwe kwi-chipset yekhompyutha. Amachweba e-EIDE anesibopho sokuxhuma ama-hard drive nama-optical drives, njengama-CD nama-DVD, kuyilapho amachweba e-FDD, enza okufanayo ngama-floppy disks. Lezi zokugcina azisasetshenziswa ngokuphelele.
• Amachweba we-SATA: Amele ubuchwepheshe obusha bokuxhumana bamadivayisi wokugcina, othuthukisa ukusebenza ngokuya nge-bandwidth.
• Ukuxhuma kwangaphambili: Njengoba igama lisho, ukuxhumana okukhona ngaphambili kwekhompyutha.
  • Ukuvula amandla: Ukuxhuma kwenkinobho yokuqala / yokumisa.
  • I-Power Led: Inkomba yemishini ivuliwe, ixhuma ku-LED.
  • I-HD LED: Led ekhombisa umsebenzi wediski onzima.
  • Setha kabusha: Ixhuma kunkinobho yokusetha kabusha ngaphambili uma ibhokisi liyifaka. Qala kabusha ikhompyutha.
  • Isipikha: Idala amasiginali wesimo nokulawula. Ihlukile kokukhishwa komsindo kwemishini.
  • I-KeyLock: Ikhiya okokusebenza, ivumela ukukhiya ikhibhodi. Ukusetshenziswa okuncane emabhokisini akamuva.
• Ama-jumpers kanye nama-switch: Ophethe ukumisa izinketho zehadiwe zekhompyutha.
  • Amajumpers avame ukuphathwa njengavulekile futhi avaliwe (avulekile futhi avaliwe).
  • Ama-dip-switches aphathwa njengavuliwe / avaliwe. I-. KU-ON isikhundla kuvame ukukhonjiswa kusikrini sikasilika sento.

Izixhumi zangaphandle

Izixhumi zakudala zezinto ezisemaphethelweni, njenge: ikhibhodi, igundane, iphrinta, phakathi kwabanye. Kancane kancane ziye zathathelwa indawo ngezinye izinhlobo zokuxhuma, kulula ukuxhuma nokunqamula. Phakathi kwezixhumi zangaphandle eziyinhloko kukhona:

• Izixhumi ze-PS / 2 zekhibhodi nezamagundane: Ngenxa yokwanda kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zehluzo, ukusetshenziswa kwegundane ngokuhlangana nekhibhodi kwande kakhulu. Igundane liyekile ukuxhuma nge-port serial futhi laqala ukusebenzisa ukuxhumana okukhethekile kwe-serial, okufana nokwikhibhodi (ukuxhumana kwe-PS / 2). Ukuxhumeka kwekhibhodi ye-PS / 2 negundane kutholakala kuwo wonke ama-motherboards ngezixhumi ezimbili ze-Mini-DIN. Ukwehlukanisa omunye komunye, zinemibala ehlukile, okububende kugcinelwe ikhibhodi futhi kuluhlaza igundane. Uma ziguqulwa ngephutha, ayikho inkinga yokonakala ngoba izikhonkwane ziyahambisana, noma ngabe ukusebenza bekungeke kube njengokufisayo.
• Ibhasi le-USB: Ngokukhula kwenani lezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezisetshenziselwe imishini yekhompyutha, isidingo sokuxhuma ngaphezulu kweyodwa ohlelweni olulodwa oluphakathi sakhiwa. Ukuxhumeka kwe-USB kwenza ukubopha ngamaketanga amadivayisi afinyelela kwangu-127 kwenzeke. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, lokhu kuxhumana kuyashesha futhi kungenziwa ngokushesha. Isistimu yokusebenza ibona ukuxhumeka kwe-USB, kepha idinga ukuba nabashayeli abafanele. Wonke amabhodi womama wesimanje afaka ukuxhumeka kwe-USB. Njengamanje, amanye amapulatifomu asebenzisa kuphela izixhumi ze-USB zekhibhodi negundane.
• I-FireWire Bus: Isungula ukuxhumeka kwamavidiyo edijithali, isebenzisa amakhamera wevidiyo nemishini yevidiyo ngokujwayelekile. Ivumela ukudluliswa kwevolumu enkulu yolwazi, ngejubane elikhulu.
• Uxhumano lwe-Ethernet Network: Ngokuxhumeka kwe-Intanethi okukhulayo, ngisho nakumakhompyutha asekhaya, lokhu kuxhumana kuyasiza kakhulu, ngoba emakhaya amaningi le nsizakalo yenziwa ngama-ADSL routers afaka ukuxhumana kwe-Ethernet. Ngendlela yokuthi amabhodi womama amaningi ayifaka kuhlanganiswe. Imishini ivame ukufaka uxhumano / ikhadi elilodwa, kepha kwezinye izimo kuyenzeka kutholakale imishini enokuxhumeka okungaphezu kokukodwa kwalolu hlobo. Lokhu kwenzeka ikakhulukazi kumakhompyutha we-server azosebenzisa inethiwekhi kakhulu ezinhlelweni zawo.

• Amachweba we-serial and parallel: Lokhu kuxhumana mhlawumbe izindlela ezindala kakhulu zamakhompiyutha anamuhla. Ifa kuzinhlelo zangaphambilini, zisetshenziswa kancane nangaphansi. Ngaphambilini, kwakusetshenziswa amachweba we-serial ukuxhuma amagundane, ama-modem, ama-scanner, njll. Njengamanje ihlehliselwe ezinhlelweni zokusebenza (i-elekthronikhi, ukumiswa kwemishini, imboni, njll.). Itheku elihambisanayo lisetshenziswe cishe kuphela ekuxhumekeni kwephrinta, noma lisetshenziselwe ukuxhumana nesithwebuli namanye amadivayisi. Ukusetshenziswa kwawo womabili amachweba kuthathelwa indawo yi-USB. Eqinisweni, ama-laptops amaningi ayawafaka. Kwezinye izimo zisekelwa yi-motherboard yize zingenaso isixhumi sangaphandle.
• Umsindo ne-Gamepad: Kuya ngokuya kuvame ukuthi i-motherboard ifake i-Hardware eyenza ukuthi uhlelo lukhiqize futhi lwamukele (ukudijithali) imisindo.
  • Umsindo: Kubhekiswa ekuxhumaneni nomsindo, kokubili okujwayelekile, njengamahedfoni nemakrofoni. Ngamunye wazo okhonjwe ngemibala ehlukene ukwenza lula ukusetshenziswa kwawo ngumsebenzisi. Namuhla eminye imiphumela yomsindo ingalungiswa njengemiphumela edijithali ukuze sikwazi ukusizakala ngezinto ezikhethekile. Ungathola futhi imiphumela yohlobo lwe-SP / DIF (umsindo wedijithali), amasistimu we-optical and surround.
  • I-Gamepad noma iJoystick ukuxhumana okudala kwePC kwemidlalo. Idizayinelwe njengokufakwa kokuma kwe-analog. Akuvamile ukusetshenziswa namuhla, njengoba ama-gamepads amaningi ayinkimbinkimbi futhi asebenzisa ukuxhumana kwe-USB.
• Ividiyo / i-TV: Kushiwo izixhumi, zombili i-analog ne-digital, ezivumela ukubukwa kokuqukethwe kuthelevishini, okufana: neziteshi zethelevishini noma ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwamavidiyo nokududuza kwamavidiyo.
• I-SCSI (ephezulu): Lolu hlobo lwezixhumi zangaphandle lungatholakala, ngaphezu kwakho konke, kumabhodi we-mama aqondiswe kuseva. Kulezi zimo, i-motherboard inesixhumi se-SCSI samadivayisi angaphandle, ngaphezu kwesixhumi sangaphakathi.
• Ukubeka / Ukubuyela emuva: Ukwehliswa kwemishini kuholele ekususweni kwamachweba angasetshenziswa kakhulu kanye nemishini yokugcina izinto ephelelwe yisikhathi. Kodwa-ke, njengesisombululo, ama-laptops ahlinzekwa ngesixhumi, esivumela ukuxhumana kwiyunithi ebizwa nge-docking station, efaka lokhu okungeziwe. Lesi sixhumi sibizwa ngokuthi isixhumi sedokhi (amachweba).

Imigomo yokukhetha i-motherboard yekhompyutha

Njengoba sesibonile, i-motherboard iyinto ebaluleke kakhulu kwikhompyutha, ngoba kuya ngeprosesa, inombolo nohlobo lwamadivayisi azoxhunywa futhi, nakanjani, ukusebenza okujwayelekile kohlelo. Ngeshwa, iningi labantu licabanga ukuthi yiprosesa enquma ukusebenza kwekhompyutha iyonke, ngakho-ke bachitha isikhathi esiningi lapho becubungula ukuthengwa kwekhompyutha entsha.

Kodwa-ke, lapha kuzakhi zebhodi lomama sizokhomba ukuthi yiziphi izici eziyinhloko okufanele zicatshangelwe ukuze kukhethwe imodeli yebhodi lomama elifanela izidingo zethu, uma lokho esikufunayo kunguhlelo olungathuthukiswa, luphelele futhi lusebenze kungenzeka.

Ukubaluleka kobukhulu

Ngaphandle kokungabaza, ubukhulu bungenye yezinto zokuqala okufanele zibhekwe. Kunosayizi abehlukene futhi, kuya ngohlobo lwekhompyutha esiyidingayo, usayizi ogcwele (i-ATX), usayizi ophakathi nendawo (i-micro ATX) noma ifomu lesayizi elincishisiwe (mini ATX) lizolungela kakhulu. Kufanele sicabangele inqubo efanayo yokukhetha ezinye izinto, njengebhokisi le-PC noma i-RAM.

Ifomethi phakathi kwezakhi zebhodi lomama inquma usayizi wecala le-PC, kanye nenombolo yamaslots nezixhumi zokunweba ezingabalwa. Okukhudlwana i-motherboard, kukhula amathuba okuxhuma nokwandisa izixhumi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, okuncane okunyathelwayo, kukhulu isidingo sesisombululo sokupholisa esisezingeni eliphansi nokushisa.

Esinye isici esibalulekile yisokhethi. Lokhu kumele indawo lapho iprosesa ihlala khona kubhodi yomama ngakho-ke, ihlobene kakhulu ne-chip ekhethiwe. Ukukhethwa kwakho kokubili kuthinta ukuhambisana kwazo zonke izinto.

Ngokwengxenye yayo, ikhwalithi yamasekethe ihlobene nokusetshenziswa okuzonikezwa kubhodi yomama, futhi akumele sikhohlwe ukuthi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlobene ngqo nentengo.

Ukukhethwa kwe-chipset

Uma i-motherboard iyinhliziyo yekhompyutha, kufanele ucabange ukuthi i-chipset yinhliziyo phakathi kwezinto zebhodi lomama. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha kwakho kukuthinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwayo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, nalokho kohlelo lonke. Ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo nge-chipset ethile, kufanele ngabe sinqume ukuthi sizoyisebenzisa kanjani i-PC.

Ukunquma ekhadini elilodwa noma amabili egrafu nakho kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwekhompyutha. Akuwona wonke amabhodi womama asekela ukufakwa ngasikhathi sinye kwamakhadi wehluzo amabili noma ngaphezulu. Mayelana nalokhu, futhi, kufanele sicacise ngokusetshenziswa esizokunika i-PC yethu.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthi i-motherboard yethu inenombolo nohlobo lokuxhuma esikudingayo, kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi singaba nazo zonke izixhumi esizifunayo, njengezixhumi zomsindo nevidiyo. Ngendlela efanayo, kufanele siqinisekise ukuthi ihlanganise ukuxhumana kwe-Wi-Fi ne-bluetooth, phakathi kokunye.

Ngokwengeziwe, ngokuya ngomkhiqizi, sizothola amabhodi womama anokuthuthuka nemisebenzi eyingqayizivele amanye amamodeli angenayo. Injalo nezezixhumi ezintsha ze-M.2, ezivumela ukufakwa kwamadrayivu ombuso wesizukulwane esilandelayo (i-SSD), amakhadi omsindo asezingeni eliphakeme ahlanganiswe ebhodini, amasistimu we-overuls ukukhulisa ukusebenza kwekhompyutha, nokunye izinto ezintsha kakhulu.

Kumele futhi sikhethe uhlelo oluhle lokupholisa, noma lube ngamaqhuqhuva (ngaphandle kwamafeni), nefeni noma nge-combo yokupholisa uketshezi. Ukupholisa okuncane kungukuhlakanipha kakhulu. Ungasho i-athikili uhlobo lwamabhasi kukhompyutha.