Ngalesi sihloko sizokwazi ukuthi izici zomthombo wamandla nokubaluleka kwayo okukhulu ekusebenzeni kwekhompyutha. Ngakho-ke ngalokhu kufunda uzokwazi ukuthi kusebenza kanjani neminye imininingwane ethokozisayo ngazo.
Izici zomthombo wamandla
Umthombo wamandla ungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezivumela ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi ukufinyelela kukhompyutha, lokhu kudala inqubo lapho okushintshana khona manje kuguqulwa kube kwamanje okuqondile. Lokhu kusebenza ngokulawula amandla kagesi adingwa yikhompyutha ukuze ikwazi ukusebenza, lokhu kwaziwa nangaphansi kwegama le-transformer.
Ukusebenza komthombo wamandla
Umsebenzi womthombo wamandla ukuguqula okushintshayo kube njengamanje ngqo, le nqubo yenziwa ngenxa yezakhi ezahlukahlukene ezinomthombo wamandla, ezivumela ukuthi ugesi ulawulwe futhi uzinze. Le nqubo yenza ikhompyutha isebenze kahle ngaphandle kwenkinga.
Okubalulekile ngokusebenza kwayo ukuthi lokhu yilokho okuvumela ukuthi ugesi ufinyelele kuzinto ngayinye eziyingxenye yekhompyutha futhi uyenze isebenze ngendlela efanele. Ukuze usebenzise umthombo wamandla, kuyadingeka ukubeka ukuxhumana kwekhebula ngokuvamile okuyizigaba ezintathu.
Ngemuva kokwenza lokhu kuxhumana, kufanele ube nezintambo ezithile eziqondile zamanje okufanele zixhunywe kwikhompyutha. Ukuze ikwazi ukunikezela ngamanje entweni ngayinye eyingxenye yekhompyutha.
Izinhlobo nezici zomthombo wamandla
Namuhla emakethe kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemithombo yamandla, ngayinye inezici ezahlukile ezenza yehluke ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo, ngakho-ke sizochaza izici zomthombo wamandla ngokuningiliziwe ukuze wazi ngamunye wawo nokuthi yisebenzise kahle. Futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke ukwazi ukuthi yikuphi okunconyelwe kakhulu ikhompyutha yethu.
Imithombo yamandla ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili abalulekile azochazwa ngezansi:
Izici zomthombo wamandla we-AT
Le mithombo yamandla yilezo ezifakiwe ku-computer case, zinomsebenzi wokuguqula i-current eshintshanayo ibe ngeyamanje, ngoba i-direct current yiyo evumela ukusebenza kwemishini nezinto zekhompyutha. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi le nqubo yenzeke ngoba futhi isinikezela ngamandla kagesi adingwa yilezi zinto zokusebenza.
Amandla kagesi alolu hlobo aqukethe izingxenye ezithile ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi ezibalulekile ukuthi zisebenze, okungukuthi:
- Isithonjana sokuvula / sokuvala.
- Umlandeli
- Banembobo yokuxhuma ye-AT.
- Kanye namachweba wokuxhuma ezinye izinto.
- Ibuye ibe nechweba elithile lokuxhuma kwezixhumi zeBerg neMolex.
- Banesigaba lapho bangabeka khona i-voltage.
Lezi zingxenye zomthombo wamandla we-AT, ngayinye ivumela ukusebenza komthombo ukuthi kube okulungile kakhulu. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi ngamunye wabo umeleni lo msebenzi.
Izici zomthombo wamandla walolu hlobo yilezi:
- Ngokuba neswishi, yiyo evumela ukuthi umthombo uvulwe noma ucishwe.
- Lezi zinhlobo zemithombo zonga kakhulu, ngoba ngokunikela nge-off switch ayiqhubeki nokudlulisa okwamanje lapho kungadingekile kukhompyutha.
- Uma imonitha ixhunyiwe, izixhumi ezinamatheminali axhunywe kokufakiwe okuthile ziyasetshenziswa.
- Lokhu kusebenza futhi kuma-microprocessors, okuyilawo madivayisi amadala, kepha ngendlela efanayo le mithombo yamandla isasetshenziswa kwimishini yamanje.
Izici zokunikezwa kwamandla kwe-ATX
Lolu hlobo lomthombo wamandla lunesici esifanayo sokuguqula okushintshayo kube amandla kagesi, lokhu kutholakala ngaphakathi kwecala lekhompyutha engxenyeni yalo yangaphakathi, kulokhu ukusebenza kwale mithombo kungokwesimanje. Kuzohlala kusebenza noma ngabe ikhompyutha icishiwe. Lokhu, nokho, akukhona ukulahleka kwamanje kodwa futhi ngaphezu kwalokho kuveza amandla kagesi angeziwe avumela ukuthi kulawulwe.
Kulolu hlobo lomthombo wamandla, ngeke zibe khona izinkinga ngesikhathi sokufakwa ngoba inokuxhumeka kubhodi yomama, futhi lokhu kunendlela eyodwa kuphela yokufaka okuthi, lapho kwenziwa, ivumele ukusebenza komthombo ngaphandle ayikho inkinga. Lolu hlobo lomthombo wamandla lunezingxenye ezahlukahlukene esizokhuluma ngazo ngezansi:
- Inomlandeli.
- Inechweba lokuxhuma lokunikezwa kwamandla.
- Inembobo yokuxhuma ye-SATA.
- Imbobo eyodwa yokuxhuma ye-ATX.
- Inesigaba sokubeka amandla kagesi.
- Amachweba wokuxhuma anezindawo eziqondile ezi-4 zezixhumi zeMolex neBerg.
Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwazi izingxenye zamandla kagesi nokusebenza kwawo. Lezi zinhlobo zemithombo zibonakala ngezici ezithile esizozigqamisa ngezansi:
- Ngokungafani neminye imithombo, lolu hlobo lomthombo alunayo inkinobho yokuvula nokucisha.
- Ukuze sikwazi ukucisha umthombo sidinga ukwenza kanjalo ngokusebenzisa isoftware.
- Kuyinto yedijithali ngakho ukuze uyivule, inomsebenzi wedijithali wale njongo.
- Lolu uhlobo lomthombo wamandla olusebenzela ama-microprocessor amanje, kepha lungasetshenziselwa imishini yakudala.
- Ineswishi evumela ukulawulwa kwamanje eyithumelayo, ukuze ihlale ilawulwa futhi kungabi khona imfucuza yamanje.
Umehluko wokunikezwa kwamandla we-AT ne-ATX
Le mithombo emibili yamandla inenhloso efanayo, ngaphezu kwalokho ukuthi ukwakheka kwayo yomibili kungafana, kepha nokho yomibili inokwehluka okuthile okufanele. Njengoba kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa lo mehluko ngendlela eyiyo.
Phakathi komehluko esingasho:
- KWIZITHO zikagesi zinethuba lokusebenzisa izixhumi ezimbili zamandla eziyizikhonkwane eziyisithupha lilinye. Ngenkathi ukunikezwa kwamandla kwe-ATX kunezixhumi ezingama-6-pin zokufaka amandla i-motherboard yekhompyutha yakho.
- Ukuze uvule umthombo wamandla we-AT kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ukhiye, esimweni somthombo wamandla we-ATX kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa inkinobho yokucindezela.
- Endabeni ye-ATX, ukuvalwa komthombo wamandla kuyazenzakalela njengoba kwenziwa nge-software, ngenkathi umthombo wamandla we-AT ungenakho lokhu ngakho-ke kufanele kwenziwe ngesandla.
- I-ATX inezixhumi ezivumela amandla avela ku-microprocessor, kuyilapho i-ATX ingenazo lezi zinhlobo zezixhumi.
- Ukunikezwa kwamandla we-AT akuvezi ukusetshenziswa kwezixhumi ukufaka amandla isokhethi le-Pci-Express, ngenkathi amandla kagesi e-ATX ethula lolu hlobo lokuxhuma.
- Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthombo wamandla we-AT awunaso isixhumi sesifazane esingu-220 VAC esenza umsebenzi wokuvumela ukuxhumana nedivayisi yangaphandle, kepha ngokungafani nomthombo wamandla we-ATX uma unalolu hlobo lomsebenzi.
Kithina, abasebenzisi bekhompyutha, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi lo mehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo zemithombo yamandla ngoba ngale ndlela sizokwazi ukuthi siwusebenzisa kanjani ngendlela efanele nokuthi ngamunye kufanele usetshenziswe kanjani. Ngokwalokho esikwazile ukukuqonda, amandla kagesi we-ATX yiwo eza ukuletha imisebenzi eminingi nezinzuzo.
Ngoba lezi zinentuthuko enkulu kwezobuchwepheshe futhi yizo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu njengamanje. Kepha akufanele sishiye imithombo yamandla e-AT eceleni ngoba kunemisebenzi ethile engenziwa kuleyo mithombo yamandla.
Ezinye Izici Zomthombo Wamandla
Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo zemithombo eshiwo ngenhla, kungashiwo ukuthi kunezinye izinhlobo zemithombo ehlukaniswe ngezici zazo ezifanele abanazo. Phakathi kwalezi zici zomthombo wamandla esinazo:
Ngokuya ngekhwalithi yayo
Izici zomthombo wamandla ngokuya ngekhwalithi yawo zihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezi-3 esizozichaza ngezansi:
Okwangempela
Lezi yizinhlobo zamafonti asevele ahlanganisiwe kukhompyutha nokuthi aveza iziqinisekiso zokuthi kwesinye isikhathi zingaba wusizo olukhulu kumsebenzisi wazo. Lokhu futhi kuvelele ikhwalithi yabo ephezulu ukuze ukusebenza kwabo kuphumelele.
Abalingisi
Le mithombo yamandla ayilona ikhwalithi ngokuphelele ngakho-ke banesikhathi esilinganiselwe sempilo. Kunconywa ukuthi ungazisebenzisi lezi ngoba zingadala ukulimala kwikhompyutha kwezinye izimo.
Isitifiketi
Lezi yizinhlobo zamafonti ezingaveli nekhompyutha, kepha eza nekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nesikhathi esifanayo. Ngakho-ke, ngokujwayelekile, lezi zinhlobo zemithombo azibangeli monakalo kumakhompyutha ngoba ubude bawo buthathwa njengebude kakhulu.
Umthombo wamandla wedijithali
Izici zomthombo wamandla edijithali ukuthi lapho isebenza, i-current ithunyelwa ngqo kukhompyutha evumela ukusebenza kohlelo lonke, umthombo wamandla edijithali ukhombisa inani lamanje abalithumelayo. Lokho kungabonakala emkhankasweni owakhelwe ngaphakathi lokhu onawo, ukuze umsebenzisi akwazi ukwaziswa ngokulawulwa kwamanje kwekhompyutha yakhe.
Umthombo wamandla wokushisa we-Digital
Ukuze usebenzise lezi zinhlobo zemithombo, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa inkinobho ezoyivumela ukuthi iqale ukusebenza. Futhi ukuze ukwazi ukuyicisha, kwenziwa nge-software okumele ifakwe kukhompyutha.
Umthombo Wamandla wePushbutton
Luhlobo lomthombo wamandla oza namakhompyutha, ukuze uwavule, inkinobho yamandla iyasetshenziswa, evumela ukuthi ikhompyutha ivulwe njengomthombo wamandla. Ngamanye amagama, uma sicindezela le nkinobho, ukuhamba kukagesi okuvela kwikhompyutha kuyaphazamiseka bese kuqala inqubo yokusebenza kwamandla.
Izigaba zokuguqulwa kukagesi
Ukuze umthombo wamandla usebenze kahle, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlangabeze izigaba ezithile ukuze inqubo ezokwazi ukukwenza ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke sizochaza imininingwane yalezi zigaba ezingezansi:
Ushintsho
Kukulesi sigaba lapho ukwehla kwamandla kagesi kwenzeka khona, kufanele kube phakathi kwe-125 AV ku-12 V noma ku-5 V. Le nqubo ifinyelelwa ngokusebenzisa ikhoyili enciphisayo evumela ukufezeka kwalesi sigaba kufinyelelwe.
Ukulungiswa
Kulapha kulesi sigaba lapho ukuguqulwa kwamanje kwenzeka, okungukuthi, lapho i-current idlula kuphela ezintweni ze-elektroniki ezibizwa ngama-diode. Lokhu kufinyelela ekuguqulweni kwamanje okushintshayo kuya kwamanje okuqondile.
Kuhlungiwe
Kulesi sigaba, i-voltage ilawulwa yizinto ezibizwa ngama-capacitors. Ukuthi yibo abazovumela ukudlula kukagesi kanjalo nokongiwa kwawo.
Ukusimamisa
Lesi yisigaba sokugcina, okuyilapho kwenzeka khona ukulawulwa kwamandla kagesi, okuziveza ngendlela eqondile, lokhu kubangela ukuthi amandla adlulele kukhompyutha. Futhi ngale ndlela vumela ukusebenza kwedivayisi ngayinye ehlanganiswe kwikhompyutha, lokhu kutholakala ngokusetshenziswa kwamasekethe ahlanganisiwe.
Kusetshenziswa i-Overulsing
Inhloso yalo mkhuba owaziwa ngokuthi yi-Overcloking ukufeza ukusebenza okuphezulu kwemishini ngaphandle kwesidingo sokushintsha izingxenye zalokhu noma ukweqa izilinganiso zokusebenza nyangazonke. Ukuze kuzuzwe lokhu, kubalulekile ukuba nomthombo wamandla ozinzile ngempumelelo futhi ophakeme.
Ukuze ingashisi kakhulu, kufanele kusetshenziswe imithombo yamandla esezingeni eliphakeme. Ngoba uma zingahlangabezani nezidingo ezidingekayo zekhompyutha, amaphutha, ukushisa ngokweqile nezinye izinhlobo zezinkinga kungenzeka.
80 kanye namandla aqinisekisiwe
Imithombo yamandla eqinisekisiwe engama-80 yilezo zinhlobo zemithombo ezivivinywe ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene ezazenzelwe zona ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokusebenza kwazo. Lezi zitifiketi ezingama-80 kanye nemithombo yamandla zinamazinga ahlukene esizowasho ngezansi:
- Ama-80 kanye nokujwayelekile.
- I-80 kanye ne-bronze.
- 80 kanye nesiliva.
- I-80 kanye negolide.
- I-platinum engu-80.
- 80 kanye ne-titanium.
Ngokwalokho esingakusho ukuthi izinga liyaphakama, kukwanda ukusebenza kwamandla kagesi lo mthombo wamandla ongasinikeza wona, okusiza ukuba kube nozinzo kwinqubo yokusebenza kwawo. Ngakho-ke lokhu esikushilo ngenhla, ulwazi lwakho lubalulekile uma kukhulunywa ngokuthola umthombo wamandla.
Ukuqedela lokhu kubhalwa kwale ngxenye yekhompyutha yethu, njengoba kungumthombo wamandla, kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi emakethe uzothola izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezinamanani ahlukile. Kepha kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi njengoba umthombo wamandla ufana nenhliziyo yomzimba womuntu ukuthi ngaphandle kwawo asisebenzi, umthombo wamandla ubalulekile kwikhompyutha yethu.
Ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi bonke abantu abathi kwesinye isikhathi babe nesidingo sokuthenga umthombo wamandla akufanele bakhawulelwe izindleko zalokhu. Njengoba imithombo ngayinye ekhona emakethe inenhloso nomsebenzi ofanayo kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi izici zomthombo wamandla ofisa ukuwuthola.
Phakathi kwezici eziyinhloko zomthombo wamandla okufanele uzicabangele lapho uthenga kukhona: amandla, ukusebenza kahle, ifomethi yayo, uhlobo lomthombo wamandla nezixhumi. Ngalokhu sizokushiyela izimpawu zemithombo yamandla ehlukene ukuze ukwazi ukukhetha kahle, phakathi kwalokhu esinakho:
- Umthombo Wamandla Wonyaka.
- Futhi umthombo wamandla weCorsair.
- Umthombo ka-Antec.
- Ngokufanayo, umthombo wamandla we-Cooler Master.
- Umthombo wamandla we-EVGA.
- Shintsha umthombo wamandla we-Thermaltake.
- Umthombo Wamandla we-XFX.
- Ngasikhathi sinye umthombo wamandla we-Enermax.
Kungakho uma uthenga noma iyiphi yazo, kungenxa yokuthi kufanele babe nemininingwane eningiliziwe ngayinye enezici zayo, ezingenza ukukhetha kube lula kumuntu. Futhi ucabangela ukuthi akuyona yonke imithombo yamandla engalawulwa, ngakho-ke lapho ukhetha, funda ngokucophelela lo mkhiqizo nokuthi unganikeza iqembu lakho.
Uma ufuna ukuqhubeka nokwandisa ulwazi lwakho mayelana nezinto ze-elektroniki ngikushiya lesi sixhumanisi esilandelayo mayelana Izici zerutha.