Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi mayelana izingxenye zehadiwe nezici zayo ezinhle, ungaphuthelwa i-athikili elandelayo lapho uzothola khona imininingwane ebalulekile.
Yiziphi izingxenye zehadiwe? Iyini futhi isetshenziselwani?
Ngemuva kokufunda lobu buchwepheshe, kutholakale ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlelo, ezokusebenza nezolwazi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ngamunye uhlukaniswa kanjani komunye nomunye?
Uhlelo lokusebenza yilolo oluphatha futhi luhlele wonke amasevisi noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisetshenziswa kukhompyutha, ezenza ukuthi zisebenze kahle. Le software, ivumela ukusebenza kwekhompyutha futhi ixhumanise yonke imisebenzi yayo.
Uhlelo lolwazi-ke yilolo hlelo oluvumela ukonga nokucubungula ulwazi; ngokufanayo, kuyingxenye yeqoqo lamaqembu ahlobene ayi-hardware ne-software. Ivumela noma yiluphi uhlobo lwedivayisi ye-elektroniki ukuthi ibaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokuphathwa kwedatha.
Izinhlelo zolwazi zihamba ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene, lapho kusetshenziswa khona ukuphatha okuningi okwakha ama-subsystems lapho kukhona khona ngokomzimba nangokunengqondo. Ukwenza ukuqonda kwakho kube ngobuchwepheshe, okwenziwe yihadiwe, futhi okunengqondo, yisoftware.
I-Hardware yilokho esikwaziyo njengengxenye yonke yangaphandle yohlelo lwekhompyutha, ngaleyo ndlela yakhiwe ngezinto ze-electromechanical ezenza amasekethe asebenze kahle. Izingxenye ezilukhuni eziqukethe ziyazivikela zonke lezi zifunda, futhi yizo ikakhulukazi ezakha imishini yekhompyutha.
Ukuze uhlelo lolwazi lusebenze kahle, kuyadingeka ukuthi i-Hardware idinga isoftware, ngoba ingxenye enengqondo idinga ukufakwa ngaphakathi kwegobolondo evumela ukuthi imisebenzi yohlelo lwe-elekthronikhi yenziwe, ngaleyo ndlela ivumele izinhlelo zokusebenza ukuthi zenze umsebenzi wazo imisebenzi.
Ihardware yekhompyutha yakhiwa yiyunithi ebalulekile eyaziwa njenge-central processing unit ephethe ukucubungula ingxenye ngayinye yedatha kwimemori esebenza ngokushesha. Kubenza bakwazi ukukhipha nokugcina izinto zesoftware.
Ivelaphi i-hardware?
Izingxenyekazi zekhompiyutha ziyingxenye yoshintsho olubalulekile kwezobuchwepheshe lapho bekufunwa khona ukuze kube nento ebalulekile yokusebenza okujwayelekile kwekhompyutha. Ukuvela kwayo kungahlukaniswa ezizukulwaneni eziningana, lapho izingxenye zayo zenziwa nge-elekthronikhi yekhompyutha.
Yayenziwe ekuqaleni ngamashubhu we-vacuum, lezi yizinto zikagesi eziguqula isignali kagesi ngesikhala esingenalutho. Kuleso sikhala ama-electron ahamba phambi kwamagesi akhethekile.
Kamuva kwavela ukuze ama-transistor kanye ne-logic babe ngendlela eqondakalayo, okwenza ukuthi kusetshenziswe ukuqaliswa okuncane kakhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho, washintshela kwesinye esasakhelwe ngokukhethekile ezintweni ezithile zobuchwepheshe kusekethe eyodwa.
Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje kunzima kakhulu ukukwazi ukuhlukanisa ukwenziwa okusha, ngoba izinguquko zabo bezilokhu zihamba kancane futhi zigcina ukuqhubeka, okungukuthi, banokulandelana okuvela kuleso ebesivele sisetshenziswe phambilini.
Ngalesi sizathu, manje sekukhona amasekethe ahlanganiswe ngisho nangezinga elikhulu, ukuze akwazi ukufaka ezinye izinto ebezingasebenzi. Njengamanje kukhona ama-microprocessors enza ukuthi lokho akusungulayo kube okuphumelela kakhulu emakethe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, akubalulekanga kangako ukugqamisa ukuvela kwamasekethe ahlanganisiwe abengasho ushintsho ngokushesha nokunyamalala okusheshayo kwemishini esekwe esikalini sokuhlanganisa, ngenxa yalesi sizathu eziningi zalezi, ekusebenzeni, zikuhlanganisile ngempumelelo lokhu kuyasebenza.
Yiziphi izici zayo zezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha?
Izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zingahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, ngoba zingamadivayisi avumela imishini ukuxhumana nabantu bangaphandle, okungukuthi, ukudlulisa imininingwane nedatha ngaphandle. Ngalesi sizathu, ngezansi sizokukhombisa izici zayo ezinhle.
Enye yezindlela engahlukaniswa ngayo yizigaba zayo, iyona eyinhloko futhi ehambisanayo. Okuyinhloko yilokho okuhlanganisa lonke isethi lezinto ezibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwekhompyutha, futhi okuhambisanayo yilokho okusetshenziselwa ukwenza imisebenzi ethile ngokuphelele futhi kudingekile ngokuqinile.
Indlela ejwayelekile yokuhlukanisa i-Hardware isuselwa kuzimpawu nokusebenza kwayo. Okokufaka yilokho okumboza noma iyiphi idivayisi enokokufaka kwedatha okuye kwacutshungulwa noma kwahlaziywa ukuze, ngale ndlela, kugcinwe kumemori emaphakathi yekhompyutha.
Umsebenzi wokukhipha ufana nomsebenzi wokufaka, kepha, kunalokho, banenhloso yokuletha imininingwane kumsebenzisi, okungukuthi, lowo othumela imininingwane ephathekayo kubasebenzisi. Ukucubungula ngakolunye uhlangothi kucubungula imininingwane ezohlaziywa ngokuya ngokunikezwe.
Okunye ukusebenza okubalulekile yilokho okukuvumela ukuthi ugcine imininingwane edluliselwe nge-laptop, kanye nememori ye-USB. AmaHybrids yiwo ahlanganisa imisebenzi yokufaka neyokukhipha ukuthola yonke idatha abayithumelayo.
Ekusebenzeni kwayo kunezinhlobo ezintathu ezibalulekile i-hardware enazo, okusho ukuthi, isisekelo, okuhambisanayo nokugcina. Isisekelo sibalulekile ngoba sihlinzeka ngokusebenza okuncane kwekhompyutha, okusizanayo kusetshenziselwa imisebenzi ethile, kanti okuyisitoreji ukugcina imininingwane esedivayisini.
Ezinye izibonelo eziyisisekelo ukuthi i-base yinto yangaphandle efana ne-monitor noma igundane, amakhamera ahambisanayo, isithwebuli, iphrinta noma imakrofoni kanye nokugcinwa kuyobe sekuvele sekufana ne-hard disk.
Futhi, ngakho-ke ukufika ezingxenyeni zayo eziyinhloko akuyona into engaphezu kwebhodi lomama, inkumbulo, amandla, ibhethri, ifeni, amachweba, amaprosesa, ibhasi ledatha, abafundi, njll. Uma uyithandile le ndatshana, ngikumema ukuba ufunde: Izicelo ze-Office automation Ziyini futhi zenzelwe ini? Ngiyazi uzoyithanda.