Izinhlelo zokwakha imishini ebonakalayo, yilokho esizokhuluma ngakho kulo lonke lesi sihloko nokuthi lo mqondo omusha ukhuluma ngani. Ngakho-ke sikumema ukuthi uqhubeke ufunde ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngalesi sihloko esithandekayo.
Izinhlelo zokwakha imishini ebonakalayo
Lapho uthenga ikhompyutha, iza nohlelo olusebenzayo olufakiwe noma ukuthi siyifake. Amakhompyutha angasebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza ngasikhathi sinye, nokuyinto esivumela ukuthi siqhube izinhlelo esizisebenzisayo kwikhompyutha yethu.
Kepha kukhona nokuthi kungenzeka usebenzise ithuluzi elithile nokuthi liyahambisana nolunye uhlelo lokusebenza okungelona olufakile. Kulesi simo lapho sicabanga ukufaka olunye uhlelo lokusebenza lapho kuvela khona umqondo wemishini ebonakalayo njengendlela yokuxazulula lezi zinkinga abasebenzisi abazedlulisela kithi.
Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi inani elikhulu labasebenzisi selivele linomshini obonakalayo, kepha abanye abanabo. Ngakho-ke sizobe sichaza konke ngabo futhi uzokwazi ngokuhamba phambili izinhlelo zokwakha imishini virtual akhona namuhla, ukuze ube nolwazi lokuthi kunezinhlobo zezinhlelo, ezingakusiza ukuxazulula izinkinga ezithile ekuthuthukiseni umsebenzi wakho.
Uyini umshini obonakalayo?
Lezi indawo ebonakalayo lapho singafaka khona uhlelo lokusebenza esingalusebenzisa ohlelweni lokusebenza olukhulu olutholakala kukhompyutha yakho. Lezi zindawo zikwazi ukulingisa ihadiwe elinayo ikhompyutha kwi-PC, ukuze iziphathe ngokungathi besikwenye ikhompyutha enolunye uhlelo lokusebenza olufakiwe.
Iqiniso elibalulekile ngemishini ebonakalayo ukuthi njengoba sizoba nezinhlelo ezimbili zokusebenza kwikhompyutha efanayo ngasikhathi sinye, umshini wethu kufanele ube nehardware ekwazi ukuxhasa konke lokhu futhi ikakhulukazi i-RAM eningi, ukuze lokhu kusebenze kahle futhi ngaphandle kwezinkinga eziningi.
Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile okufanele silazi ngaphambi kokukhuluma nge izinhlelo ezizokwakhiwa imishini engokoqobo, ngukuthi sizosebenzisa abasebenzisi ababili kumakhompyutha ethu, okungukuthi:
- Umshini wokusingathwa noma wokubamba okunguyena omele imishini yethu yokusebenza nohlelo lwayo oluyinhloko lokusebenza.
- Futhi umshini wezivakashi noma wezivakashi ongaba ngumshini wethu ofakiwe futhi ozosebenza ngohlelo lokusebenza oluhambisana nawo.
Izinhlelo ezinhle kakhulu zokwenza imishini ebonakalayo
Phakathi kokuhle kakhulu izinhlelo zokwenza imishini ebonakalayo Sinokulandelayo esizokuchaza ngezansi:
VirtualBox
Ingelinye lamathuluzi athandwa kakhulu futhi asetshenzisiwe ekwakheni imishini ebonakalayo namuhla. Le software eyi-multiplatform futhi esingangena kuyo ngewebhusayithi yayo mahhala, okuyenza idume kangaka.
Inenani elikhulu lemisebenzi nemingcele ongayenza ngokwezifiso, futhi unethuba lokufaka lolu hlelo kumshini wakho we-virtual, ulunikeze izimvume ezingeziwe ukuze bakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ethile efana nale:
- Yabelana ngamafayela.
- Yabelana ngamayunithi.
- Yabelana ngemingcele, phakathi kwabanye.
Lolu hlelo lunokucaca ukuthi lusebenza kahle kakhulu kumakhompyutha ane-hardware endala. Futhi, ukuthi iyakwazi ukufunda amadivayisi amaningi we-USB nokuthi iphinda inikeze umtapo wezincwadi owusizo kakhulu otholakala mahhala njengebhonasi eyengeziwe.
Indawo yokusebenza ye-VMWare
Lokhu kungenye yezinhlelo ezindala kakhulu esivele ineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 emakethe. Lokhu kubhekwa iningi labasebenzisi njenge-software eyisithenjwa yokwakha imishini ebonakalayo, futhi ihlanganisa nezidingo ezahlukahlukene kule ndawo.
Inemisebenzi ekunikeza ithuba lokumisa nokuphatha amanethiwekhi abonakalayo, futhi ungaphatha izinhlelo eziningi zokusebenza ngasikhathi sinye futhi uzibuke kusistimu yakho. Ngakho-ke kufanele kuthiwe leli yithuluzi eliphelele kakhulu lokwenza imishini ebonakalayo.
Ideskithophu yokufana
Lokhu kungenye yezinhlelo zokwakha imishini ebonakalayo yabasebenzisi beMac abadinga ukusebenzisa uhlelo olusebenzayo lweWindows ukwenza imisebenzi ethile. Njengoba lolu hlelo luvumela ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zeWindows ne-MacOS; sihlangane ngokubuka iWindows kumakhompyutha we-MacOS.
Leli thuluzi liyakwazi ukwengeza izinsiza zohlelo kanye nehadiwe lalo ukuze linikeze isipiliyoni esihle kakhulu kubasebenzisi balo, sengathi sisebenza kwikhompyutha ebonakalayo nale simiso. Ngokwengeziwe, inezici eziningi nemisebenzi yaleli thuluzi ekhokhwayo, ukuze ukwazi ukufinyelela kuzo kuzodingeka ukhokhe inani elithile lemali.
I-Hyper-V
Leli ithuluzi elivela kuMicrosoft uqobo lokwenza imishini ebonakalayo. Okuyithuluzi lokwenza into ebonakalayo elifakwe kwiWindows Server 2008 futhi kamuva lafakwa kuzinhlelo zePro and Enterprise zeWindows 8 neWindows 10 ezinama-bits angama-64.
Ngaleli thuluzi ngeke kudingeke usebenzise izinkampani zangaphandle, ngoba unethuba lokudala imishini ebonakalayo eneWindows nganoma yiluphi olunye uhlelo lokusebenza njengeMacOS noma iLinux. Ukucushwa nokuphathwa kwalolu hlelo akulula njengalezo ezinye izindlela.
PKepha ngolwazi oluncane ekusetshenzisweni kwalawa mathuluzi, ngokuqinisekile ngeke ube nenkinga yokuthola konke okudingayo, ngakho-ke kuyindlela enhle kakhulu okufanele uyicabangele.
I-Windows Sandbox
Lolu hlelo lutholakala ngaphakathi kwemvelo yeWindows, lokhu kuyimodi yokusebenza ye-Hiper-V esivumela ukuthi silingise uhlobo lohlelo lwethu lokusebenza ngendlela elula. Futhi ngale ndlela, ikunikeza indlela ephephile yokusebenzisa imvelo ebonakalayo nohlelo lwethu lokusebenza.
Lapho sinethuba lokuthi singahlola zonke izinhlobo zezicelo ezisolisayo ngesiqinisekiso sokuthi ngeke singcolise imishini yethu nganoma iyiphi indlela, ngoba noma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza olifakayo lungaba namagciwane, futhi lokhu ngeke kushiye umshini obonakalayo ukuze ube imishini yakho ephephile ngokuphelele. Futhi ngokususa umshini obonakalayo yonke into izobe ihlanzekile futhi, ngakho-ke awubeki noma yiluphi uhlobo lwengozi.
UQuemu
Lolu olunye uhlelo lokwakha imishini ebonakalayo okufanele uyicabangele, ngoba uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-multiplatform futhi olusebenzela iWindows, MacOS neLinux. Yize kufanele sisho ukuthi kungenye yezintandokazi zabasebenzisi beLinux, lokhu kungenye indlela ekhululekile futhi esingayilanda kwiwebhusayithi yayo esemthethweni.
Phakathi kwemisebenzi lokhu enakho futhi okumele sikuqhakambise ukuthi inikeza ukusebenza okuhle, okuphakamisa ukuthi singaba kukhompyutha ebonakalayo esikhundleni sokusebenzisa umshini obonakalayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uma lolu hlelo luqhutshwa, ikhodi yesistimu yezivakashi ihanjiswa ngqo kwi-Hardware host. Ungahle ube nentshisekelo yini i-APN.
Xen
Leli ithuluzi lomthombo ovulekile lamahhala esingalilanda ngqo kusuka kuwebhusayithi yalo. Futhi lolu hlelo lwenzelwe ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kwebhizinisi, noma labo basebenzisi abafuna ukusebenza okuphezulu ezindaweni zalolu hlobo ngokulawulwa okuphephe kakhulu kwezinsiza zokubamba.
Ngenxa yomumo waso, lesi yisixazululo esisebenza ngezindlela eziningi kakhulu futhi esenzelwe abasebenzisi abaningi enye yezindlela eziphephe futhi ezinokwethenjelwa esingazithola mahhala. Isibonelo, inkampani edumile i-Intel ibisiza kule phrojekthi ingeza ukusekelwa kwezinye izandiso zayo yize kunguhlelo lomthombo ovulekile.
I-DosBox
Leli ithuluzi lokwakha umshini obonakalayo kusistimu endala njenge-MS-DOS. Lolu hlelo lusivumela ukuthi sibuyele emuva lapho uhlelo lokusebenza olukhulu lwaluyilokhu. Uyazibuza ukuthi ubani ozoba nentshisekelo yokwenza lokhu? Impendulo ithi, abalandeli begeyimu yobuntwana, ngoba amakhompyutha ayesanda kuqala futhi ngalokhu ungazijabulisa ngeminye imidlalo bese wenza izinhlelo ezindala ezidinga lolu hlelo oluthile.
I-KMV
Lobu ubuchwepheshe obuvulelekile bokwenza umthombo obakhelwe ohlelweni lweLinux. Ngalesi ungasebenzisa izindawo ezihlukile ezibonakalayo kwiLinux ngendlela efanayo engenziwa kwiWindows. Phakathi kwezinzuzo ezinkulu lolu hlelo olunazo ukuthi luthola izibuyekezo ngasikhathi sinye nohlelo uqobo.
Lokhu kunikela ngokusebenza okuhle, ngoba umshini ngamunye obonakalayo owenziwayo usetshenziswa njengenqubo eyodwa futhi usebenzisa i-hardware ebonelelwe ukusetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwe-PC yethu.
I-boot camp
Le software eyenziwe ngumkhiqizo we-Apple futhi iza ngokwendabuko kuwo wonke ama-Macs ukusiza ukusebenzisa olunye uhlelo lokusebenza kumakhompyutha avela kulo mkhiqizo, olususelwe eCupertino. Ukusebenza kwalokhu kwehlukile ngoba kusivumela ukuthi sisabalalise i-hard disk ukuze sikwazi ukufaka, ngokwesibonelo, iWindows.
Kulokhu ngeke sisebenzise umshini obonakalayo, ngoba lapho sivula iMac yethu izositshela ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo esizisebenzisayo. Lokhu kuyindlela enhle kakhulu kulabo abanalo divayisi ye-Apple kepha badinga ukuba neWindows ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ngakho-ke lokhu kungathathwa njengomshini obonakalayo, kepha ngaphandle kokulingisa noma yini, ngoba unazo zombili izinhlelo ezisebenzayo kukhompyutha yakho.
njalo
Lolu wuhlelo lokwakha umshini obonakalayo we-MacOS esivumela ukuthi sibe neLinux noma iWindows kukhompyutha yethu ye-Apple. Kulokhu, inguqulo ekhokhelwayo iyona ezosivumela ukuthi silingise iWindows, noma singaba nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinjenge:
- Linux.
- I-Debian.
- Ubuntu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthi singabelana ngamafayela phakathi kwalezi zinhlelo ezimbili ezisebenzayo okwamanje. Inqobo nje uma zixhunywe kunethiwekhi efanayo.
Docker
Lolu hlelo luza ukuzenzela iziqukathi, ngoba ngakunye kwalokhu kuzoba nohlelo olusebenzayo futhi lokho jikelele uhlelo olufakiwe.
Ngakho-ke, singakhetha isitsha esikusiza kakhulu, sine-Windows kokukodwa, i-Linux phakathi kwabanye. Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezinhlelo ezizokusiza ukwenza imidwebo, ngizokushiyela isixhumanisi esilandelayo Izinhlelo zamasu.
Izici zomshini obonakalayo
Indima ye izinhlelo zokwenza imishini ebonakalayo kukhompyutha kungukuthi amalebhu amasha angokoqobo avela. Njengoba umshini obonakalayo uzosetshenziswa lapho sifuna ukuhlola uhlelo noma ukuluvuselela olungadala umonakalo ohlelweni lokusebenza lwekhompyutha yakho.
Izinhlobo zemishini ebonakalayo
Phakathi kwezinhlobo zemishini ebonakalayo ekhona okulandelayo ingezansi:
Imishini ebonakalayo yesistimu
Lo mshini obonakalayo ufika ukuvumela i-physics ukuthi imelwe phakathi kwemishini eminingi ebonakalayo, ngesoftware ebizwa nge-hypervisor. Lokhu kungaqhutshwa kwi-hardware noma kusistimu yokusebenza, ngaleyo ndlela kwenze umshini ngamunye obonakalayo usebenze uhlelo lwawo lokusebenza.
Izinqubo zemishini ebonakalayo
Lo ngumshini obonakalayo ongasekela kuphela inqubo eyodwa ngaphakathi kohlelo lokusebenza. Lo mshini uqala lapho inqubo ofuna ukuyenza iqala futhi ime lapho iqeda.
Izici zomshini obonakalayo
Phakathi kwezici imishini ebonakalayo eba nakho sinokulandelayo:
- Lokhu kunokwahlukaniswa okuvumela ukuthi amasistimu wokusebenza ahlukile asebenze ngaphakathi komshini ofanayo womzimba nokuthi izinsiza zisatshalaliswa phakathi kwezinhlelo zemishini ebonakalayo.
- Inikeza ukuhlukaniswa ngokunikeza ukuphepha kwezinga lehardware nokuzihlukanisa uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka, kanye nokuvikela ukusebenza kwemishini ngokulawulwa kwezinsizakusebenza ezithuthukile.
- I-Encapsulation, okusho ukuthi ukugcinwa kwesimo esiphelele sekhompyutha ebonakalayo kuqinisekisiwe kumafayela angahanjiswa futhi angakopisha imishini ebonakalayo kalula njengamafayela.
- Ukuzimela kwehadiwe kuyisici esiyingxenye yalolu hlobo lohlelo, ngoba lunikeza ukuthi noma imuphi umshini obonakalayo ungahanjiswa kunoma iyiphi iseva ebonakalayo.
Izinzuzo nezinkinga zezinhlelo zokwenza imishini ebonakalayo
Phakathi kobuhle nobubi onabo imishini ebonakalayo, singasho okulandelayo ngezansi:
Izinzuzo
- Lokhu kusivumela ukuthi sibe nezindawo ezahlukahlukene zohlelo lokusebenza ezingaba khona ngasikhathi sinye emshinini ofanayo, kepha zehlukanisiwe.
- Umshini obonakalayo unesakhiwo esihlukile semiyalo kunekhompyutha yangempela.
- Isondlo siqonde ngqo, njengokuhlinzekelwa kohlelo lokusebenza nokulungela ukuthola kabusha.
- Ingaphatheka kalula njengoba ungayisebenzisa kunoma iyiphi ikhompyutha oyifunayo ngendlela ephephile.
- Ezingeni lebhizinisi, zibangela ukonga kwezomnotho nezikhala, ngoba awudingi izikhala zomzimba
- Njengoba ungenayo i-hardware ephathekayo, akudingekile ukuthi ukhathazeke ngomonakalo ongabangelwa ukufaka uhlelo olungakudalela kukhompyutha.
- Ngalokhu ungazama izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinhlelo zokusebenza futhi uma ungazithandi, ukuzisusa nje kwanele.
- Lolu hlobo lomshini lusindisa ukugcinwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla.
nebubi
- Lapho imishini eminingi ebonakalayo isebenza ngasikhathi sinye, ukusebenza okungazinzile kwenzeka. Lokho kuzoncika kumthwalo womsebenzi uhlelo olunalo kweminye imishini ebonakalayo esebenza.
- Uma ufuna ukungena kwi-hardware ayisebenzi kahle.
- Lokhu kungaletha ukushiyeka okuthile.
- Imishini ebonakalayo ingadla izinsiza eziningi.
- Lokhu kuhamba kancane.
Kule vidiyo uzothola indlela yokulanda yonke imishini ebonakalayo oyifunayo. Engicabanga ukuthi kusiza kakhulu ukuze ukwazi ukuzama ezifanelana kangcono nezidingo zakho. Siyethemba ukuthi le ndatshana izoxazulula konke ukungabaza onakho futhi isebenzise lonke ulwazi oluthakazelisayo esabelana ngalo.
https://youtu.be/sPGmwsXZ9XY