Ochwepheshe be-cybersecurity bachaza ukuthi igciwane lekhompyutha luhlobo lwe-malware, kanye nezikelemu, ezingaziphindaphinda ngenhloso yokulimaza amasistimu amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Kule ndatshana, sichaza izinhlobo zamagciwane ekhompyutha kuyingozi ohlelweni. Sithemba ukuthi ilusizo.
Izinhlobo zamagciwane ekhompyutha
Izinhlobo zamagciwane ekhompyutha empeleni ziyizinhlelo ezinobungozi ezilimaza noma eziguqula amafayela noma ezinye izinhlelo. Ama-virus athi asebenze ngale ndlela elandelayo: ishumeka ukufaka amakhodi ayo okunobungozi engxenyeni engaphakathi yefayela, ukuze, kusukela kulowo mzuzu, kuthiwe ifayili, eliba ngofezekayo, lihlale liphethe leli gciwane futhi, liphindeke kulokhu.
Nakhu okuhlukile izinhlobo zamagciwane ekhompyutha ezingashintsha noma zilimaze amasistimu:
I-Malware
Yigama lekhompyutha lobuchwepheshe eliphumela ekuhlanganisweni kwamagama: isoftware enobungozi noma isoftware enobungozi. Lezi izinhlobo zamagciwane ekhompyutha, kuhloselwe ukungena ngesinyenyela futhi kulimaze ikhompyutha noma amafayela ngaphandle kwemvume evela kumnikazi wawo.
Ngakho-ke, i-malware yakhelwe ikakhulukazi ukubhekisa kunoma yikuphi ukusongela kwekhompyutha. Ngaphakathi kwalokhu izinhlobo zamagciwane ekhompyutha, kunezigaba eziningana ezinemininingwane eminingi ngokusongela ngakunye okufana nezikelemu, amaTrojans, amagciwane ekhompyutha, i-adware, i-spyware noma i -hlengware.
Igciwane lekhompyutha
Lesi yisigaba se-malware, umsebenzi waso othinta ukusebenza okulungile kohlelo. Indlela yokutheleleka ngekhodi enonya, futhi isici sayo esithile ukuthi idinga ukubamba iqhaza komsebenzisi wohlelo ukuze isebenze, futhi ngaleso sikhathi, ilawula ukulimaza ikhompyutha ngokusabalalisa.
Kukhona okuhlukile izinhlobo zamagciwane ekhompyutha, lezo zenzelwe ukucasula kuphela, kepha kukhona ezinye ezilimaza kakhulu ikhompyutha, zisuse amafayela abalulekile ohlelweni nasekusebenzeni kwayo.
Ngokuvamile, abajwayele ukufihla, kepha kunalokho babukeka njengamafayela asebenzayo, isibonelo: Windows .exe.
Isibungu sekhompyutha
Lolu olunye uhlobo lwegciwane lekhompyutha, olunye lwe-malware evame kakhulu, futhi umehluko ngamagciwane ukuthi akudingekile ukuthi umsebenzisi noma elinye ifayela liguqulwe ukuze lithelele ikhompyutha. Njengegciwane, lingaziphindaphinda futhi lisabalale.
Lapho ufaka ikhompyutha, isibungu sizama ukuthola amakheli amanye amakhompyutha ngohlu loxhumana nabo, ukuze sithumele amakhophi bese sibathelela.
Bangakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ejwayelekile yekhompyutha ngokweqile, futhi kwenza nekhompyutha yakho ithumele imiyalezo ngaphandle kokugunyazwa nge-imeyili noma nganoma iyiphi inethiwekhi yokuxhumana nabantu.
IThrojan
ITrojan izama ukungabonwa ngenkathi ingena kwikhompyutha ukuze yenze isenzo sokuzama ukuvula uhlelo kwezinye izinhlelo ezinobungozi ezingangena kuyo.
Okunye okuvamile phakathi kwamakilasi ahlukene we-malware ukuthi bazama ukungena ohlelweni sengathi bangamafayela asemthethweni. Le malware ingena kwikhompyutha yakho njengohlelo olusemthethweni kanti ngenkathi ingaphakathi, yenza isikhala phakathi kohlelo lokuvikela kwamanye amafayela we-malware ukungena nokutheleleka. AmaTrojans awakwazi ukusakazeka ngokwawo.
I-Spyware
Lezi ezinye izinhlobo zamagciwane ekhompyutha zingafakwa kwikhompyutha yakho, zisebenza ngasese, zizifihle unomphela ukuze izivikelo zakho zingavulwa.
Inhloso yalo ukuqoqa lonke ulwazi ngomsebenzisi, izenzo ezenziwa kukhompyutha, okuqukethwe yidiski, izinhlelo nezinhlelo ezifakiwe nazo zonke izenzo ezenziwa kwi-inthanethi.
I-Adware
Lezi izinhlobo zamagciwane ekhompyuthaLuhlobo lohlelo olunzima ukuluhlukanisa, ngoba aluphazamisi ikhompyutha, kepha lunenhloso eyodwa yokulufaka nokufundisa ukukhangisa, ngenkathi luku-inthanethi lapho uhlelo lusebenza.
Lolu hlobo lwesoftware lufakwe ezinhlelweni ezisakazeka mahhala mahhala, okuyindlela yokwenza imali yabathuthukisi.
ransomware
Lezi izinhlobo zamagciwane ekhompyutha, unesibopho sokuthumba imininingwane kwikhompyutha futhi acele isihlengo semali ukuze akhiphe imininingwane. Le ngenye ye-malware ebilokhu ichuma kakhulu ezikhathini zamuva, yingakho kunconywa ukuthi ubuyekeze unomphela i-antivirus.
Ezinye izinhlobo zamagciwane ekhompyutha
Kukhona ezinye izinhlobo noma amakilasi ngokuya ngezici zawo, okubaluleke kakhulu kuchazwe ngezansi:
Amagciwane okuhlala
Lolu hlobo lwegciwane lekhompyutha lufihla ngaphakathi kwememori ye-RAM futhi ukusuka lapho, bafeza ukubanjwa kwazo zonke izenzo ezenziwa ohlelweni, kulimaze zonke izinhlelo noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezenziwayo.
Igciwane elisebenza ngqo
Inhloso enkulu yaleli gciwane ukuziphindaphinda futhi lapho lifinyelela esimweni salo esifanele, liyakwazi ukuzisebenzela futhi liye ezinhlelweni nasezinsizeni zokubasulela.
Bhala ngaphezulu igciwane
Lawa ma-virus anokukhethekile kokulimaza ifayili elinegciwane, ngoba libhala kokuqukethwe kwalo, likwazi ukulilimaza ngokuphelele.
Igciwane le-boot
Lezi izinhlobo zamagciwane ekhompyuthaAwathathi amafayela noma izinhlelo, kepha kunalokho ama-hard drive anekhompyutha. Baqale bathelele indawo ebhuthini yamadivayisi wokugcina noma ama-hard drive.
Lapho ikhompyutha iqala ngedivayisi yokugcina, igciwane ebhuthini lizothelela le disk. Leli gciwane alilimazi ikhompyutha inqobo nje uma lingabhuli, ngakho-ke indlela engcono ukuvikela wonke amadivayisi wokugcina ekubhaleni
Igciwane lesikhombi
Leli gciwane liguqula amakheli akhombisa ukuthi amafayela noma izinhlelo zigcinwa kuphi. Ngale ndlela, lapho uhlelo lusebenza, igciwane empeleni liyasebenza. Futhi lapho ukutheleleka kwenziwa, akunakwenzeka ukukuthola, ingasaphathwa, ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa amafolda.
Amagciwane e-Polymorphic
Ingabe kukhona izinhlobo zamagciwane ekhompyutha ukuthi isikhathi ngasinye lapho bethelela, zifakwa ngekhodi ngokuhlukile, ngaleyo ndlela zakha inani elikhulu lamakhophi, zivimbela i-antivirus ukuthi ingazitholi.
Amagciwane amaningi
Lokhu kwenza uchungechunge lwezifo, umsebenzi wazo oyisisekelo ukuthelela noma iyiphi into, ifayela noma uhlelo.
Igciwane lefayela
Leli gciwane lithelela izinhlelo noma amafolda angafezeka. Lapho wenza uhlelo oluqukethe, luqhubeka lusebenze.
Igciwane le-FAT
Leli gciwane lihlasela izinto eziyisisekelo kukhompyutha, livimbe ukungena ezindaweni ezithile zediski, lapho kungenzeka khona ukugcina amafolda ayisisekelo noma lawo asesimweni esibucayi ekusebenzeni kahle kwekhompyutha.
Uma uluthandile lolu lwazi, sikumema ukuthi ubuyekeze lezi ezinye izixhumanisi onentshisekelo kuzo:
Izinhlobo Zamabhasi ku-Informatics nakuMsebenzi wayo
Umphathi Womsebenzi nomsebenzi wayo kuWindows