Isifinyezo se-USB simelela okungaphezu kwalokho, siyisisetshenziswa esisetshenziswayo ukuthi naphezu kwentuthuko kanye nokuthatha indawo okusobala kokuxhumeka okukude, namashaneli okufinyelela kumishini nedatha, ayikalahlekelwa ukufaneleka kwayo. limele ukuphela kwe I-Universal Serial Bus, futhi ngempela ibhasi lezokuxhumana elinamathela esimisweni futhi lichazwe kukho kokubili izintambo nezixhumi nezivumelwano eziklanyelwe ukusungula uxhumano, ukuxhumana kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla phakathi kwezinto zikagesi, okokusebenza kanye namapheripheral. I-genesis yayo yavela ezinkampanini zobuchwepheshe ze-7, ezigqamisa i-Microsoft, IBM noma i-Intel, ngemuva kombimbi. uyazi ukuthi bangaki izinhlobo zamanje ze-USB zikhona? Thola lapha.
Izinhlobo ze-USB: amazinga, izixhumi nezici zomunye nomunye
Njengoba kukhonjisiwe esingenisweni, isizukulwane sokuqala esiphelele sezinhlobo ze-USB kwakuyinguqulo ye-USB 1.0 ngo-1996. Nakuba kwakungakaze kube ngu-1998, lapho kwethulwa i-USB 1.1, lapho ukusetshenziswa kwayo okukhulu kwaqala. Futhi kusukela emvelaphi yayo yaklanyelwe ukuxhuma izesekeli ze-peripheral kumakhompyutha, okungukuthi, amakhibhodi, amaphrinta noma amagundane.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kokuqala kwenziwa yizinkampani ze-7 endaweni yezobuchwepheshe ezazifuna ukuhlanganisa indlela yokuxhuma kumakhompyutha namanye amadivaysi. Izinkampani zobuchwepheshe ezahola futhi zaveza izinhlobo ze-USB yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Intel.
- I-Compaq.
- Microsoft.
- IBM.
- I-Northern Telecom.
- I-Digital Equipment Corporation.
- I-NEC.
Ngemva kwalokho, izinkampani ezi-3 ezinamandla amakhulu, ngokwemali nengqalasizinda, njenge-Intel, iMicrosoft kanye ne-IBM, zajoyina; uma kubhekwa ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona ukuhambisana okuncane phakathi kwalezi ziqhwaga zobuchwepheshe kanye nezinye izinkampani.
Ngakho-ke, ngokubambisana, bakhethe ukusungula iphrothokholi nezici ezijwayelekile, ngenhloso yokuklama indlela ehambisanayo. Ukuba ngale ndlela ukuthi ezihlukahlukene Izinhlobo zezixhumi ze-USB, eziningi zazo ezisasebenza.
Kuyaqapheleka kulezi zikhathi, ukuthi ngokusobala i-spectrum yamadivayisi inokuxhumana okubanzi kakhulu kunangaphambili, ngenxa yentuthuko nentuthuko entsha, njengoba kungabonwa kumakhalekhukhwini ohlakaniphile, kanye nama-USB asetshenziswa njengezinga lokuxhumanisa amadivaysi abo.
Ngalokhu, bangaxhunywa nge-USB flash drives, izidlali zomculo, izikhulumi, ama-hard drive, amakhamera wewebhu nezithombe, phakathi kwamanye amadivaysi amaningi nezinye izinto ezitholakalayo emakethe namuhla.
Ngale ndlela yokuxhuma, zonke izinhlobo zedatha nolwazi zingadluliswa, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngamandla kumishini ehlukahlukene kagesi namadivayisi. Ngamanye amazwi, maningi ama-peripherals, ama-game consoles kanye namadivayisi kagesi asebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-USB ukunikeza amandla adingekayo ekusebenzeni kwazo.
Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo, lokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi kunikezelwe ekuthuthukiseni ngendlela engcono kakhulu izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-USB, umehluko wazo phakathi kwamazinga nezixhumi zezizukulwane ezahlukene ze-USB. Kungenzeka ukuthi abanye abasebenzisi baye baqaphela ukuthi iselula yabo yamanje ayinayo imbobo ye-USB efanayo neyaseminyakeni edlule, ikakhulukazi uma inokuhlehliswa emuva noma yohlobo C.
Ukwazi ukuthi lesi sisho esibhekisela ezinhlotsheni ze-USB A, B kanye no-C, kanye namaMini noma ama-Micros angadideka, sizozama ukuchaza ngayinye yalezi ngendlela elula kumaphuzu alandelayo. Ngamafuphi, kungashiwo ukuthi izindinganiso ze-USB ziye zavela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengazo zonke ezinye izingxenye.
Eqinisweni, kuvamile ukuqaphela emakethe ukuthi izindinganiso ezintsha zihlala zivela ngokushesha kunenguqulo yangaphambilini; njengoba kunjalo ngezimbobo, ezibuye ziguquke, nakuba kukhona izixhumi ezikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngamazinga ahlukahlukene noma izinhlobo ze-USB.
Ayini ama-USB ajwayelekile?
Sizoqala ngokuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-USB noma izinguqulo ezijwayelekile zihlukaniswa zibe izizukulwane ezi-4 ngokuya ngomthamo nesivinini sokudlulisa idatha. Ngaphambi kokuthi ihambe ngokusemthethweni ngo-1996, i-USB yethula izinguqulo ezithile zangaphambilini, njenge-USB 0.7 kanye ne-0.8 kusukela ngo-1994; 0.9 kusukela ngo-1995 kanye no-0.00 kusukela ngo-1996. Nokho, ngezinjongo zalokhu okuthunyelwe, kuzoqala ngenguqulo 1.0, kodwa uma kubhekwa ukuthi ngenxa yeminyaka yabo kunzima ukuyithola:
- I-USB 1.0: njengoba kuphawuliwe, zingezesizukulwane esidala, nezinga le-USB elihamba kancane. Umthamo wayo wokudlulisa ufika ku-1,5 Mbit/s (188 kB/s), futhi isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuxhumana kwayo okunobungane nokomuntu, okufana namakhibhodi, amagundane noma amakhamera ewebhu.
- I-USB 1.1: ihambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwenguqulo 1.0, eyaziwa ngejubane layo eliphelele noma xhuma bese udlala. Okukabani izinga lokudlulisa elifinyelela ku-12 Mbit/s (1,5 MB/s), nakuba lisekude nesivinini sezizukulwane ezilandelayo ezijwayelekile.
- I-USB 2.0: Yaziwa ngejubane layo eliphezulu, namazinga okudlulisa afinyelela ku-480 Mbit/s (60 MB/s), kodwa uma kwenziwa ingahlala iphansi njengo-280 Mbit/s (35 MB/s). Ihambisana nezinga elibanzi kakhulu namuhla, ngaphezu kokunikeza imigqa emi-2 yedatha kanye nemi-2 yamandla esivinini esikhulu. Iyakwazi futhi ukusekela ukulayishwa kwedivayisi okungu-2,5 W wamandla.
- I-USB 3.0: Ivamise ukwaziwa ngesivinini sayo esikhulu, inikela ngezinga lokudlulisa elifika ku-4,8 Gbit/s (600 MB/s), okuyijubane eliphindwe ka-10 kunejubane le-USB 2.0 ngenxa yezikhonkwane zayo ezi-5 ezengeziwe.
- I-USB 3.1: Iphinde yaduma ngesivinini sayo esikhulu + noma iSpeed esiphezulu, njengoba iphinda kabili eyandulelayo, ngezinga lokudlulisa elifika ku-10 Gbit/s (1,25 GB/s). Ivamise ukusetshenziselwa izixhumi zohlobo C, esizobe sikhuluma ngalo ephuzwini elilandelayo.
- I-USB 3.2: enye yezinguqulo zayo ezintsha, kusukela ngo-2019; Iyakwazi ukubika izilinganiso zokudlulisa ezifika ku-20 Gbit/s (2,5 GB/s), futhi ingenye yezinto zokuqala ezizosetshenziswa ngo-2020.
- I-USB 4.0: esinye isifanekiso esazalwa ngo-2019, indinganiso entsha kakhulu. Le USB 4 iyakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngemali edluliswayo efinyelela ku-40 Gbit/s (5 GB/s), futhi amadivayisi okuqala ukuyisebenzisa asuka ku-2021.
Izinhlobo zezixhumi ze-USB
Manje, into eyodwa amazinga noma izinhlobo ze-USB, kanti enye yizinhlobo zezixhumi ezisetshenziswa lawa ma-USB. Ngendlela yokuthi izinhlobo eziyinhloko kanye nezici zazo eziyisisekelo zizokhonjiswa ngezansi, okuhlanganisa izivumelwano ezivame ukuhlotshaniswa nenye yazo:
- Uhlobo A lwe-USB: Kuyisixhumi esigqama phakathi kwawo wonke ama-peripherals nempahla eyisisekelo kuze kube yilapho kufika ezincane kakhulu. Njengoba besekela izindinganiso noma uhlobo lwe-USB 1.0, 2.0; 3.0 kanye 3.1; naphezu kokuthi izixhumi ezisebenzisa izinga le-3.0 zihlukaniswa kontanga ngokuba nethebhu yangaphakathi ngendlela yepulasitiki encane eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngaleyo ndlela, ukuthi uma ingenayo, kungenxa yokuthi ijubane layo liphansi.
- Uhlobo B lwe-USB: Lesi sixhumi sivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuxhumeka kwe-peripheral, njengamaphrinta nezikena, kodwa futhi ukunikeza amandla. Kule nguqulo kunezinhlobo ezi-2 zezixhumi, esivamile samazinga e-USB 1.0 no-2.0, kanye nokunye okuhlukile okunethebhu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphakathi kwe-USB 3.0.
- I-USB Type-C: Ingenye yezixhumi zamanje kakhulu, ezilandela i-MicroUSB; isici sayo esiyinhloko ukuthi iyahlehla, ikwazi ukuxhuma nhlangothi zonke. Ziphinde zisetshenziswe yi-Thunderbolt 3, enye indinganiso ye-HDMI.
- I-Mini-USB: Lezi izinhlobo zokuqala ze-USB ezehliswa ngosayizi ukuze zilingane nama-peripheral amancane. Isetshenziswa kakhulu kumakhamera, ikakhulukazi kunguqulo ye-Mini B, nakuba lokho kwakuyiminyaka embalwa edlule.
- I-Micro USB: ilandele i-Mini USB, nayo edume kakhulu futhi esetshenziswa kakhulu kumadivayisi amancane. Ngakho-ke, uma iselula ingeyebanga eliphansi noma ineminyaka embalwa ubudala, isewusizo, naphezu kokuthi isetshenziswa kwezinye izinhlobo zama-peripherals.
Ithini induku ye-USB?
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-USB yaziwa nangokuthi idrayivu yokubhala, efike yathatha indawo yama-floppy disks amadala, ama-CD noma ama-DVD. Le midiya yememori isetshenziselwa ukugcina nokuthutha idatha yazo zonke izinhlobo.
Ziphinde zisetshenziselwe ukugcina amafayela abethelwe, ukulayisha izinhlelo zokusebenza noma ukusebenza njengesitoreji sangaphandle nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziphathwayo. Ngakho-ke, nazo zihlala zivumelekile. Kulezi ungathola nezinhlobo eziningi ze-USB kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene nomthamo wenkumbulo:
- Sandisk.
- Kingston.
- UToshiba.
- I-Corsair.
- lexar.
- HooToo.
- Ngamagigabhayithi (Gb), lawo anomthamo: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 128, 256, 512 Gb kanye ne-1 Terabyte (Tb).
Ama-adaptha e-USB, kuhle ukuba nawo
Njengamanje, abantu bahlala ndawonye futhi basebenzisa inombolo enhle yezinhlelo zokuxhuma, yingakho futhi benezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-USB nama-adaptha, njengoba kuyindlela yokulungisa yokusungula ukuxhumana okuhambisanayo nemishini kanye nama-peripheral ahlukahlukene.
Futhi kungenxa yokuthi ama-adaptha anikeza izinzuzo eziningi ngenxa yosizo lwawo. Ngenxa yalezi zindlela, manje sekungenzeka ukuxhuma noma yiluphi uhlobo lwedivayisi ngoxhumano lwe-USB, lapho ngisho, noma ungenayo ikhebula elifanele, nge-adaptha ungakwenza ngaphandle kwenkinga.
Kuyinzuzo futhi ukuba nama-adaptha amaningi, okungukuthi, eyodwa isekela noma ihambisana nezinhlobo eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa, into enhle ngempela, ngoba ukuguquguquka kwayo kuphakeme ngempela futhi kuyigugu.
Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi ubukhulu bayo ngokuvamile buncane futhi bulula, okuvumela umsebenzisi ukuthi akuyise noma yikuphi lapho athanda khona ngaphandle kokukhathazeka. Ngaphakathi kwesethi yama-adaptha, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zingahlukaniswa, lapho ezithakazelisa kakhulu yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Ama-adaptha amaningi: lezi zibika imisebenzi ehlukahlukene nehlukile, kanye nezimbobo ezivumela ukusetshenziswa kwazo. Lokhu kungenzeka ku-USB enezimbobo ze-HSMI, i-VGA noma i-USB ezimbalwa, futhi ihlanganiswe kahle ukuze isebenze ngesikhathi esisodwa. Umkhawulo enanini lamachweba nokuxhumeka kunqunywa umenzi, njengoba okunye okuvela ku-2 kuya ku-11 noma okokufaka okungaphezulu kuyabonwa.
- I-USB ukuya kuma-adaptha ohlobo C: Ziwusizo kakhulu namuhla, njengoba amadivaysi eselula, amaphilisi nezinye izinto ezinalolu hlobo lokufakwayo C ekuxhumekeni kwazo zigcwele ezindlini. Nakuba kusenabantu abaningi abasebenzisa i-micro yangaphambilini noma i-USB ngokuqondile, ngakho-ke ukuba ne-adaptha yezinga elisha ngokungangabazeki kuyadingeka kakhulu.
- I-adaptha ye-USB kuya ku-HDMI: Ngokuvamile ziwusizo kakhulu ukuxhuma i-PC, noma ezinye izisetshenziswa ku-TV, kusiqapha esikhulu noma isikrini. Kodwa hhayi kuphela i-USB evamile, kodwa futhi Uhlobo C kuya ku-HDMI lungasiza, ikakhulukazi uma unamakhompyutha amaningana amancane kakhulu analolu hlobo lokuxhumeka okujwayelekile, ashiya i-USB A ngemuva, njengoba engenayo indawo yokuwabeka.
- i-adaptha yekhadi: Ngolunye uhlobo lwe-adaptha ye-USB, engafakwa kusuka kumfundi wekhadi kuya ku-PC, isibonelo. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ukufunda zonke izinhlobo zamakhadi, ukusuka ku-SD kuye ku-microSD. Ngesikhathi sokukhetha uhlobo C lwe-USB olushintsha lube isifundi, into engase idingeke kukhompuyutha ephathekayo.
- I-USB kuya ku-Ethernet: Okokugcina, ungakhetha i-adaptha ezokuvumela ukuthi uxhume ku-inthanethi ngekhebula kukhompyutha noma ngisho naku-Smart TV, nakuba kuxakile, njengoba lawa madivayisi ngokuvamile eza ne-Ethernet port yawo.
Uma ukuthandile lokhu okuthunyelwe mayelana nezinhlobo ze-USB, bheka izixhumanisi ezilandelayo, izihloko zazo zingaba usizo: