I-Los Izinhlobo zememori ye-Ram vumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathole ukusebenza okungcono uma kukhethwa ikhwalithi engcono kakhulu, kunamamodeli amaningi avumela abasebenzisi ukuthi banikele ngokuhlukahluka kwabo. Ukufunda le ndatshana uzokwazi kangcono konke okuhlobene nalesi sihloko.
Izinhlobo zememori ye-Ram
Inkumbulo ngayinye etholakala kumakhompyutha ibizwa ngokuthi ubuchopho obukhulu, ibenza bakwazi ukusebenza futhi basebenzise zonke izinqubo. Njengomsebenzisi wemishini yekhompyutha kuhlale kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi hlobo luni lwememori olungasiza kakhulu kwimishini yethu.
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-RAM ziyatholakala emakethe ezingasiza ukuthuthukisa amandla akho nokusebenza kwekhompyutha. Ngokufanayo, lezi zinkumbulo zitholakala ngamafomethi amancane asetshenziselwa izinhlelo ezisebenzayo ukuhamba.
Ukwenza imishini isebenze kuyadingeka ukuthi iqukethe imemori ye-RAM. Kepha lokho kusho ukuthini ngempela? Sizobona ngezansi kwakho konke okuhlobene nale divayisi ethathwa njengenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezitholakala ngaphakathi kwikhompyutha.
concepto
Kuqukethe uhlobo lomzimba lokufinyelela lapho yonke imishini yekhompyutha kufanele ikwazi ukwenza yonke imisebenzi eyabelwe. Imemori ye-RAM yohlobo lwesitoreji esibizwa ngokungahleliwe, Uma ilimele noma isikhathi sayo sempilo siphela, kufanele sishintshwe noma silungiswe.
Kunamakhompyutha ambalwa anenkumbulo ye-RAM eguqulwe unomphela, kepha kubhekwa njengokutholakala okungahleliwe okuvumela ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwamakhompyutha. Umyalo ngamunye owenziwa kwi-PC uqhutshwa ngohlelo lokusebenza ukuya kwimemori ye-RAM, ukuze yenze isenzo esabelwe.
Uhlelo lokusebenza luyibhuloho phakathi komsebenzisi ne-RAM. Ngaphakathi kugcinwa zonke izinhlelo ezenziwayo noma ezizokwenziwa ngesikhathi esithile ku-processor. Imiyalo ethunyelwe ngokuzenzakalela thola ukuthi uhlelo luzokwenziwa, okukhombisa kwimemori ye-RAM.
Igama layo ngesiNgisi yiRandom Access Memory, futhi ingabhalwa futhi ifundwe kunoma yiziphi izindawo zayo zememori ngaphandle kokulandelana kwemicimbi noma ukulandelana. Iyaguquguquka futhi iyaqothuka, okusho ukuthi konke okuqukethwe kuyo kuyasulwa lapho imishini icishiwe, kuyishiya iphinde isebenze lapho okokusebenza kuvulwa futhi.
Ungayakha kanjani i-RAM
Ukwakhiwa kwezinhlobo zememori ye-RAM kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa okubizwa nge-encapsulations, inqubo ende futhi lapho ubuchwepheshe bama-microcircuits busetshenziswa khona obunikeza impilo ukufometha okujwayelekile kwememori. Iphakethe ngalinye liqukethe uhlobo lwefomethi enikezwe izinhlobo ze-RAM ukuze kutholakale izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokusebenza.
I-encapsulations uhlobo lwezisekelo ezibizwa nge-PBC, lapho kufakwa khona ama-chips amancane ngendlela yamamojula we-elekthronikhi akha izinkumbulo ezahlukahlukene zokwamukela. Inokuxhumeka okuningana okufakwe kubhodi yomama, okuvame ukuba yisivikelo esiluhlaza.
Lawa ma-micro-module yilawo enza ukuxhumana neprosesa kusebenze futhi kuvumela ukusungula imisebenzi leyo uhlelo lokusebenza olubayala ngayo. Amamojula abelokhu ethuthuka iminyaka eminingi futhi akhule njengomsebenzi wentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe. Kepha ake sibheke ukuthi la madivayisi amancane asebenza kanjani nokuthi enziwa ngani:
- Ama-RIMM angamamojula amancane anezikhonkwane zokuxhuma ezingaphezu kuka-184 kanye nebhasi engu-16-bit, ibhasi limane liyisigaba esincane esidlulisa imininingwane ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zekhompyutha, lakhiwe ngezinto ezifana nezintambo, ama-resistors nama-capacitors amancane.
- I-DIMM, yifomethi ye-capsule esetshenziselwa izinkumbulo ze-DDR ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene, ibhasi ledatha lingama-bits angama-64 futhi lingaba nezikhonkwane ezingafika ku-18 uma lisetshenziselwa izinkumbulo ze-SDRAM, nezikhonkwane eziyi-184 zezinkumbulo ze-DDR, izikhonkwane ezingama-240 zezinkumbulo ze-DDR2 ne-DDR3 nezikhonkwane ezingama-288 ze-DDR4.
- I-SO-DIMM capsule, evame ukusetshenziswa ngama-processor aphathwayo, incane futhi icwecwe kakhulu kunamanye amaphilisi futhi inani lalo lezikhonkwane nalo liyahluka ngokuya ngohlobo lwenkumbulo, kusuka kuzikhonkwane eziyi-144 zememori ye-SDRAM kuya kuzikhonkwane ezingama-260 ze-DDR4 RAM:
- I-SIMM, lolu hlobo lwefomethi lwalusetshenziswa kakhulu kwimishini yakudala, kunamamojula aqukethe izikhonkwane eziphakathi kuka-30 no-60 futhi asebenza ngedatha yebhasi kusuka kuma-bits angama-32 kuye kwangama-64.
- Ifomethi ye-Mini DIMM inezikhonkwane ezifana nalezo ze-SODIMM, kepha ngomehluko wokuthi mincane kakhulu. Ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa amakhompyutha amancane noma ama-laptops amancane.
Izinkumbulo ezahlukahlukene
Umshini ngamunye wekhompiyutha noma weprosesa ugcina izici ezahlukahlukene, ngenxa yemisebenzi eyahlukahlukene uhlelo lwayo lokusebenza olungayinikeza. Ngakho-ke ukubaluleka kokuba nemibiko eminingana evumelana nemodeli yeqembu ngalinye. Ezinye zilungele imishini eminingi efanayo kanti ezinye zenzelwe nje imishini ethile.
Lolu hlobo lwememori lusetshenziswa futhi ezintweni ezahlukahlukene zocingo, ama-video game consoles nezinye izinto zasendlini. Zivumela ukuhlinzeka ngokusebenza okuhle kakhulu futhi okusebenzayo okuthinta ukuqina kwemishini
Okwamanje kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela ze-RAM, ngokuya ngezici zalowo nalowo, kungenzeka ukuthi ucabangele ukusetshenziswa kwawo kuhlobo oluthile lwemishini. Akunandaba ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lomkhiqizo, lezi zinkumbulo zenziwe ngobuningi ukuze zisatshalaliswe kwimishini emisha noma ukulungisa ezonakele.
SRAM
Eyaziwa ngamagama ayo njenge- "Static Random Access Memory" ngeSpanish Static Random Access Memory, wuhlobo lwememori esebenzisa ama-semiconductors futhi inekhono lokugcina idatha ingashintshi. Akunasidingo sokusebenzisa amasekethe okupholisa.
Lolu hlobo lwememori kumele luhlale luthola amandla ukugwema izinkinga. Zibizwa ngokuthi izinkumbulo ze-NVRAM noma okufana nokuthi Imemori Yokufinyelela Okungahleliwe Okungahleliwe noma i-RAM engashintshi. Futhi izinkumbulo ze-MRAM kusichazamazwi sayo iMagnetoresistive Random Access Memory noma i-RAM kazibuthe. Ziyahlukahluka endleleni ezidlulisa nezamukela ngayo imininingwane.
Izinkumbulo zohlobo olungahleliwe ziphathwa ngaphansi komqondo wokuba yi-static; ngamanye amagama, zisebenza ngokushesha futhi zithembekile kunezinkumbulo ze-DRAM. Vele ngoba ivezwe ngqo futhi ihlobene nokupholisa. Lokhu kubavumela ukuthi bagcine imininingwane isikhathi eside.
Akhiwe ngokuya ngamasekethe wohlobo lwe-flip-flop, avumela ukuthi athole uketshezi olunamanzi kakhulu kusuka kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuthi ama-transistor ame. Zisebenza ngokuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukugeleza kwamandla. Lokhu kusiza idatha ukuthi igcinwe kwisekethe ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuvuselela ukuze ukwazi ukuyigcina lapho.
Iphutha labo kuphela ukuthi badinga ukusetshenziswa kwamandla athe xaxa ukucubungula idatha, kepha kufanelekile njengoba bephephe kakhulu. Ngale ndlela imininingwane ingagcinwa kulesi sifunda ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuvuselelwa njalo. Lezi zinkumbulo zidinga amandla amaningi, kepha ziyashesha, kepha futhi zibiza kakhulu ukuzenza. Zijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukwakha i-cache processor.
dram
EsiNgisini babizwa ngeDynamic Random Access Memory okuhunyushwe ngokuthi iDynamic Random Access Memory. Ubuchwepheshe bayo bususelwa ekusetshenzisweni kwama-capacitors ahlukahlukene. Lokhu kulahlekelwa ukukhokhiswa kancane kancane futhi kudinga ukupholisa ngenye isekethe; okubavumela ukuthi babuyekeze isimo bese begcwalisa amacala.
Zasungulwa ngawo-60 futhi iyinhlobo ye-RAM esetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla. Ivumela ukudala amamojula anobubanzi obukhulu kakhulu bokuminyana. Lokhu kusiza ukubeka idatha ngokushesha. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezibizwa ngama-synchronous ABRAMs, okusho ukuthi ngesiNgisi, Random Access Memory nama-DRAM asynchronous abizwa ngeSynchronous Dynamic ngesiNgisi.
Zakhiwe ngama-silicon semiconductors, zinezinto ezifana nama-capacitors nama-transistors. Vumela idatha ukuthi igcinwe ngaphakathi kweseli lememori elondliwa nge-capacitor. Lokhu kwenziwa izikhathi ezingamakhulu ukuze idatha igcinwe, okuqukethwe kwayo kuyasuswa lapho iprosesa icishiwe.
Ekuqaleni babebizwa njenge-asynchronous ngoba kwakungekho into ezovumelanisa imvamisa yemishini naleyo yememori. Kancane kancane izingcingo zokuvumelanisa eziqukethwe yidivayisi ezibavumela ukuthi bavumelanise idatha neprosesa zakhiwa. Ukwenza izinqubo zokusebenza zisheshe futhi ziphephe.
Inenzuzo yokuthi ishibhile futhi ilula kakhulu, yakhiwe ngokushesha futhi ayinkimbinkimbi kangako. Okubi kwabo ukuthi bahamba kancane, kepha umnotho nokusebenza kwabo kubavumela ukuba babekwe emakethe.
Lezi zinkumbulo zakhiwe ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezisetshenziselwa ukuzivumelanisa nezinqubo ezikhona emakethe. Abathuthukisi balezi zinkumbulo bafuna ububanzi obungathola indlela yokwehlisa izindleko zokukhiqiza zamakhompyutha.
I-FPM-RAM
Ifunda i-RAM yekhasi lasekhaya elisheshayo, zazisetshenziswa kumakhompyutha wokuqala we-Intel Pentium. Bebekwazi ukuthumela imininingwane eyodwa ngokushintshana ngokuthola izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamakheli ngasikhathi sinye. Okuhle wukuthi impendulo ibingeyinhle neze, inciphisa ukuthumela nokuthola imininingwane namakheli ngamanye.
Inkumbulo ye-EDO-RAM
Ibizwa nge-English Extended Data Output RAM, bekuyingxenye yokuvela kwangaphambilini, okuyenze yathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwayo. Le nkumbulo ibinamandla okuthola amanye amakheli ngasikhathi sinye, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuthola enye idatha.
Imemori ye-BEDO-RAM
Ibizwa nge-English Burst Extended Data RAM. I-EDO RAM nayo ingukuziphendukela kwemvelo, futhi ivumela ukufinyelela ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zememori. Ukugwema ukuqhuma kwedatha okwenziwa phakathi nomjikelezo wewashi ngalinye oqukethe iprosesa. Yize isebenza kahle kakhulu, ayikaze ikwazi ukuzibeka ezimakethe
Imemori yeRambus-DRAM
Kwakungokunye kokudala okusha kakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngezinkumbulo ze-RAM. Kuyasiza ukuthuthukisa umkhawulokudonsa kanye nemvamisa, engaya ngaphezu kwe-1000 MHz, enobubanzi obungu-64-bit. Njengamanje nazo azisasetshenziswa, akwaziwa ukuthi kungani.
Izinkumbulo zohlobo oluvumelanisiwe i-SDRAM
Uma sikhuluma ngezinkumbulo ezivumelanayo, umehluko ubhekwa maqondana nezinye izinkumbulo. Lolu hlobo lwememori lunewashi langaphakathi elivumelanisa imvamisa yokusetshenziswa neprosesa. Isenzo senza sikwazi ukuthuthukisa izikhathi zokusebenza kahle emsebenzini nezinqubo ezenziwe iqembu.
Bekuyizinkumbulo zokuqala ezakhiwe futhi zathuthukiswa kumafomethi we-DIMM encapsulation noxhumana nabo abayi-168. Amakhompyutha afana ne-AMD Athlon nePentium aqale ukusetshenziswa eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-10 edlule. Kulezi zinsuku zisetshenziswa kweminye imishini futhi inezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene.
I-DDR SDRAM
Kwakuyinguqulo yokuqala yezinkumbulo ezivumelanisiwe, zakhiwa zisuka kwimodyuli mount noma amaphakheji we-DIMM anezikhonkwane eziyi-182 nemodeli yeSODOM enezikhonkwane ezingama-200. Bagijime kuma-volts ama-2,5 nje futhi iwashi labo lisebenza ngejubane eliphakathi kwe-100 MHz ne-200 MHz.
Lezi zinkumbulo zisebenzise uhlelo lwe-Dual Channel, okungukuthi, zivumele amamojula wememori ye-RAM ukuthi ahlukaniswe abe yizikhala ezimbili. Lokhu kukwazile ukushintshanisa idatha nebhasi ngasikhathi sinye. Kumamojula angama-64-bit babenethuba lokushintshana ngebhasi elingu-128-bit. Imemori ngayinye iza ngamamodeli ahlukene amisiwe ngokuya ngejubane lewashi.Imemori ye-DDR2 SDRAM
Kwakuyinguqulo yesibili yezinkumbulo ze-DDR, futhi ukuqamba kwayo ukuthi yayinamandla okuphinda kabili amabhithi adlulisiwe hhayi ku-2 kepha kuye ku-4, kumjikelezo wewashi ngalinye. Basebenza kumamojula angama-240-pin wohlobo lwe-DIMM. Basebenza ngama-volts ayi-1,8, abangela ukusetshenziswa okuphansi kunama-DDR. Lezi zinkumbulo zinokuhlukahluka okuningi okuza ngamamodeli lapho kuguqulwa kuphela i-encapsulation.
Ama-SoDIMM nama-MIni DIMM amamodeli enziwe kuphela kumakhompiyutha ezincwadi ezinokusetshenziswa okuncane kwe-1,5 volts. Lezi zinkumbulo azisekeli ukufakwa kweminye imemori ye-DDR, akukho ukuhambisana phakathi kwazo. Njengangaphambilini, ukumiswa kuyehluka kuye nge-MHz yewashi.
I-DDR3 SDRAM
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkumbulo ezihambisanayo akumile futhi inguqulo yesithathu yezinkumbulo ze-DDR yathuthukiswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe izingqinamba zamandla, ukusebenza kahle kuthuthuka kakhulu ngale nguqulo yesithathu. Isebenza kuphela ngevolthi engu-1,5 yenguqulo ye-PC yedeskithophu ene-module engu-240-pin DIMM.
Into ethokozisayo umthamo wemodyuli ngayinye efinyelela ku-16 Gb, kepha ayihambelani neminye imininingwane yememori. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinkumbulo zinesimo sokuthi lapho ijubane lenyuka zivame ukwehlisa ukusebenza kahle, kepha igcina ijubane ngamaphesenti aphezulu kunezinguqulo zangaphambilini.
Yenzelwe ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kuma-laptops nakumakhompyutha ohlobo lwe-mini-laptop. Ukuthi ziyimishini yokusetshenziswa okuphansi nobukhulu obuncane. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zale nguqulo yememori ehambisanayo yi-DDR3 esetshenziswa kumamodeli wamakhompyutha wedeskithophu, ama-sNjalo ngemodyuli ye-DIMM.
Kukhona nezinguqulo ze-DDR3L, ezisebenza nge-1,3 V kuphela futhi ezibhekiswe ngqo kuma-laptops. Basebenzisa futhi amamojula we-DIMM kuzinguqulo zabo ze-So DIMM ne-Mini DIMM. Imodeli ye-DDR3U nayo isemakethe, esebenzisa i-1,2 V futhi yenzelwe ukuthi isetshenziswe kumaThebhulethi nakumakhalekhukhwini we-Smartphone.
Izinkumbulo ezihambisanayo zalolu hlobo zivumela ukusebenzisa amandla amancane kakhulu, angadluli ku-1,2. Zibhekwa njengezifunwa kakhulu emakethe yememori namuhla. Kuleli qembu kukhona nezinkumbulo ezibizwa nge-LPDDR, ezidla amandla kagesi angu-1,2 kanti futhi ziqondiswe kumaselula nakumathebulethi ahlakaniphile. Amamodeli kunguqulo ngayinye angahluka ngokuya ngemininingwane edingwa ngumenzi wemishini.
I-DDR4 SDRAM
Uhlobo lwesine yilolo olwenziwa ngokufunwa kakhulu futhi olusetshenziswayo namuhla. Basebenza ngemvamisa ephakeme futhi bakhweza kuma-DIMM angama-288-pin. Ukusebenza kahle kuphakeme kakhulu, basebenza nama-volts angu-1,35 wamakhompyutha wedeskithophu nama-volts ayi-1 ama-laptops.
Kumishini yokusebenza okuphezulu, kwethulwa izinkumbulo zalolu hlobo ezidla amandla kagesi we-1,45 volts kanye nesivinini sokudlulisa se-4.600 MHZ. Lezi zinkumbulo ziyakwazi ukusebenza eziteshini ezintathu nezine futhi zingafakwa kumamojula afinyelela ku-32 Gb.Kunezinhlobo ezine zememori ye-DDR4, ake sibone:
- I-DDR4L, izinkumbulo nazo zenzelwe ama-laptops namaseva, agibele kumamojula we-1,2 volt So DIMM anezikhonkwane eziguquguqukayo.
- I-DDR4U, efana kakhulu neyangaphambilini, isetshenziselwa amaseva kuphela, isebenza ngama-volts ayi-1,2 futhi ayisizi kangako ngoba umkhawulo wayo wokukhiqiza unqunyelwe kumaseva kuphela.
- I-LPDDR4, basebenzela omakhalekhukhwini be-Smartphone kuphela, basebenza nama-volts ayi-1,2 angahluka ngokuya ngezimo zeseli kuma-volts ayi-1,05, abanalo ijubane elingange-desktop DDR4, ifeza umsebenzi wayo we-menare esebenza kahle. Igcina ijubane le-1600 MHZ, noma inguqulo ye-LPDDR 4E ingafinyelela ku-2100 MHZ.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zalezi zinkumbulo zenziwa kucatshangelwa ijubane lewashi njengomsebenzi weMHz.Amaza ewashi asukela ku-800 MHz kuye ku-2133 MHZ ayaziswa-ke. Lesi sivinini silingana ngqo nesivinini sebhasi nokudluliswa kwamandla, lapho futhi nakho kukhuphuka.
Izinkumbulo ze-GDDR
Izinkumbulo ze-GDDR zingenye yezinhlobo ze-DDR RAM.Ngaphandle kwezinkumbulo zendabuko ze-RAM, zibizwa ngokuthi yi-Graphics Double Data Rate ngesiNgisi. Zenzelwe amakhadi emidwebo, anezindinganiso ezifana ne-DDR, ukuze zikwazi ukuthumela kusuka kumabhithi ama-2 kuye kwangama-4 ngewashi ngalinye.
Ngenxa yekhwalithi nokusebenza kahle kwazo, ziyabiza kakhulu kunezinye izinsizwa ze-RAM. Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-DDR ajwayelekile lolu hlobo lwememori luhlobo lokuziphendukela kwemvelo okwandisa izimo zemifanekiso kakhulu. Kepha ake sibone ukucaciswa kwalezi zinkumbulo
- I-GDDR Basic Beza emakethe okokuqala ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10 edlule futhi kusekelwe ezinhlotsheni zohlobo lwe-DDR2, basebenzise amaza asukela ku-166 MHz kuye ku-900 MHZ futhi asetshenziswa kwimishini enamandla ajwayelekile.
- I-GDDR2, nayo isuselwe ezinkumbulweni ze-DDR2, ibiluhlobo lwememori oluthuthuke kakhulu kune-GDDR eyisisekelo. Imvamisa yayiyi-800 MHz nge-bandwidth phakathi kwe-8 ne-16 Gb ngomzuzwana.
- I-GDDR3, eyenzelwe izinkampani ezithile ukuthi isebenze kumakhadi wegeyimu yevidiyo njenge-PlayStation 3 ne-Xbox 300, nayo isebenze neminye imisebenzi. Babenobubanzi bemvamisa phakathi kuka-166 MHz no-800 MHz.
- I-GDDR4, lezi zinhlobo zazinobuchwepheshe obususelwa ezinkumbulweni ze-DDR3, zazingenakho ukwamukelwa okuningi emakethe futhi kwafakwa i-GDDR5. Izinkumbulo ze-DDR4 zisetshenzisiwe kwimidwebo ye-AMD efana kakhulu ne-GDDR 3.
- I-GDDR5, ukufika kwayo kuvunyelwe ukunikeza ukuthuthuka okunamandla, kusetshenziswa kakhulu amaseva nabakhiqizi bePS4 kanye neXbox One X. Banobubanzi bebhasi ngokulandelana kwe-20 Gb kanye nemvamisa ye-8 Gbps.
- I-GDDR5X, inguquko yenguqulo ye-DDR5 ethola imvamisa ephezulu ye-11 Gbps kanye ne-bandwidth yayo engu-484 Gb ngomzuzwana, ibhasi lisekela kufika kuma-bits angama-352. Isetshenziselwa amakhadi emidwebo emidlalweni yamanje yevidiyo.
- I-GDDR6, ethathwa njengememori esesikhathini kunazo zonke yamakhadi emidwebo, ibiza kakhulu futhi izincazelo zayo zemidwebo zihle kakhulu. Bazuza imvamisa ye-15 Gbps futhi umkhawulokudonsa we-672 Gb / s ibhasi ngama-324 Bits, kubhekwa njengekhadi ledeskithophu elinamandla kunawo wonke elenziwe.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-RAM nenkumbulo ye-ROM
Izinkumbulo ze-ROM zakhiwa amasekethe wememori avumela kuphela imininingwane ukuthi ifundwe. Futhi zigcina zombili izinto nedatha unomphela. Ngokungafani ne-RAM ehlala ivulekele ukukhohlisa nokubuyisa imininingwane, i-RAM ivaliwe.
Kodwa-ke, imininingwane ekwimemori ye-ROM ingatholwa kepha ingalawulwa futhi ingenelelwe. Imemori ye-RAM ivulekele ukufinyelela ngokungakhethi kolwazi, kunoma yisiphi isikhundla noma umzuzu; ngenkathi i-ROM idinga ukufinyelela okulandelanayo kuyo. Imemori ye-RAM inejubane eliphakeme ngenkathi imemori ye-ROM ihamba kancane futhi idatha ithunyelwa ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Omunye umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinkumbulo ezimbili ukuthi imemori ye-RAM iyasuswa, ungakhuphula namandla ayo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amamojula wememori ye-ROM athengiswa futhi anamathiselwa kubhodi yomama; azikwazi ukususwa noma ukulawulwa ngumsebenzisi. Umenzi ubeka ngokuqinile imemori okwenza kube nzima ukuyisebenzisa.
Izici
Izinhlobo zememori ye-RAM zinezici ezihlukile; indima yayo iyahluka ngokuya ngemininingwane yekhompyutha, ikhonsoli, noma umenzi wesiphakeli. Zenzelwe ukunikela ngokusebenza okuhle ngendlela ngayinye yokusetshenziswa ofuna ukuyinikeza. Ngakho-ke, izimo ezithile nezimpawu ezithile zingabongwa ezingasiza umfundi ukuthi azi ukuthi yini efaneleke kakhulu kwimishini noma isidingo sabo.
Lapho ukhuluma ngokufinyelela okungahleliwe, kubhekwa njengesenzo esincike esikhathini nesikhathi esichaziwe. Izinhlobo zememori ye-RAM zisethwa kabusha lapho ikhompyutha noma iseva icishiwe. Ukubaluleka kwezinkumbulo ezivumelanisiwe ukuthi zilawula idatha futhi zingasetshenziswa.
Zenzelwe ukuchaza uhlobo lokufunda nokubhala olwenziwa kuzo. Ukusebenza kwayo kuvela ukuthi kuyashesha, okuholela ekucabangeni isimo nohlobo lwenkumbulo yekhompyutha ethile. Amamojula njengoba sibonile phambilini, anika impilo ekusebenzeni kwememori. Izinto zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu zifakiwe ezivumela isivinini esikhulu ekusebenzeni.
Isici esibaluleke kakhulu ukuhlukahluka okwenzelwe kona. Sibheka ukuthi zingasetshenziswa kanjani ezinhlelweni eziningi ezifana nemidlalo yevidiyo, izinto ezisendlini, amakhompyutha ezimoto nezindlela ezahlukahlukene ezenza impilo isebenze kahle futhi ikhululeke.
Izinhlobo zememori ye-RAM zakhiwe ukuze kutholakale ukuvumelanisa okusheshayo nokusebenza kahle ngemisebenzi ehlelwe ngumsebenzisi. Lokhu kusebenza kahle kukalwa ngejubane elihluka ngokuya ngezimo zekhompyutha.
Khumbula ukuthi abanye bangaba nemikhawulo ngenxa yezimo zabakhiqizi. Izici ezibaluleke kakhulu zalezi zinkumbulo ziqukethe ukwakheka komzimba kanye namandla esivinini sokwenza izenzo. Ngaphakathi kwezinkumbulo zalolu hlobo ezingatholakala emakethe yamanje, kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zememori ye-RAM.
Ahlukile ngesimo sawo somzimba futhi ayahluka ngokuya ngenani lamaphini. Kanye nendlela eyakhiwe ngayo ngokuya nge-encapsulations (Kubonwe kule ndatshana). Amandla kanye nesivinini abakwaziyo ukusithuthukisa nakho kuyabhekwa. Ekwenzeni imisebenzi.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-RAM ezidingekayo?
Uma uthenga okokusebenza kwekhompyutha, uthenga umdlalo wevidiyo, iSmartphone noma enye into yakhelwe ngobuchwepheshe obuphakeme. Awuthengi kuphela idivayisi yezobuchwepheshe kepha uhlelo lapho kufakwa khona izindlela ezahlukahlukene zezinqubo. Okuvumela ukunikeza isivinini nokusebenza kahle kokufunwayo.
Ihlukile ezintweni ezenziwe ngezinto zakudala nemishini eyenziwe kwenye inkathi, ngoba zenza izenzo eziphakeme ezisheshayo nezisebenza kahle; ukwenza impilo yamanje ibe ntofontofo. Siphambi kobuciko obuqukethe inkumbulo yohlobo lwe-RAM
Ikhompyutha ngayinye iqukethe ngaphakathi kwezinto zayo le memori abaningi abayibiza ngokuthi ngamakhompyutha. Ubuchopho bokwenza izenzo. Uma enye yalezi zinkumbulo yonakele kubalulekile ukuyishintsha, zimbalwa ezingalungiswa futhi zenzelwe ukuqina nokusebenza okuphezulu.
Ukwazi uhlobo lwenkumbulo kubalulekile futhi kungcono ukuya kumanyuwali womenzi bese uthola imemori leyo mishini enayo. Endabeni yamakhompyutha, ilula kakhulu. Ngaphakathi nangokukhulula ezinye izikulufo, imishini ingavulwa ngokugwema ukuthinta ezinye izingxenye, sibona ubukhona bekhadi eliphuzi nelimnyama.
Kulula ukuzibona futhi kufakwe ukumaka okuncane okukhombisa imodeli yayo. Ngokuvamile ngemuva kwesikhashana amamemori khadi we-RAM angalimala. Sihlala sincoma ukuthi siye kochwepheshe abakhomba ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwememori okufanele silusebenzise.
Amamojula wememori wamakhompiyutha wedeskithophu namakhompyutha aphathekayo asuselwa kuma-DIMM (nawo abonwe kule ndatshana). Zimelela ukufinyelela okungahleliwe okuvumelaniswe newashi lebhasi, ukuze izinqubo zikhule kahle. Lezi zici yizo ezenza iqembu liphumelele ngokwengeziwe lapho kutholwa uhlobo oluthile lwenkinga, kuhle ukwazi imodeli etholakala ngayo.
Emishini ephathekayo singayijabulela imodeli ngezindlela ezimbili, ngqo ngokuvula isikrini bese sibheka izici zomshini. Enye indlela ukuvula ingxenye engezansi futhi ngokujwayelekile eduze kwalapho isitaki sitholakala khona kubonwa i-slot. Lapho siyivula, sibona imemori khadi ye-RAM ngqo. Isincomo sethu uma ubona noma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle kwezinto zokusebenza, kuhle ukukuyisa kwinsizakalo yezobuchwepheshe.
Ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zememori ye-RAM zinendlela ehlukile yokusebenza, lokhu kuya ngezimo nezimpawu zekhompyutha. Kwezinye izimo, ukushintshwa kwememori ye-RAM akuyona into efanelekile kakhulu futhi kwenzeka ukuthi imemori engakhonjisiwe ifakwe.
Kulezi zimo kuhlale kutuswa ukuya kochwepheshe. Ukugwema lolu hlobo lwesimo olungadala ukulimala nokufakwa esikhundleni sezinhlobo zememori ye-RAM. Kunconywa ukugcina imemori ekugcineni. Le sevisi ifakiwe kusoftware yokusebenza futhi wonke umuntu angayifaka kalula futhi kalula.
Impilo yenkumbulo ye-RAM incike ekusetshenzisweni nasekhwalithi yayo. Namuhla kunezinkulungwane zabakhiqizi bememori ye-RAM abasebenzisa izinto ezisezingeni eliphansi ukunciphisa izindleko. Umphumela walokhu ungasebenza kahle futhi ungenzi kahle i-RAM. Kwesinye isikhathi kungadala nokonakala kwemishini.
Uthuli luyisitha sokuqala esingu-1 sezinkumbulo ze-RAM, uma luhlala luvezwa uthuli nakanjani luzolimala, yingakho kubalulekile ukulondolozwa kwalo. Kepha ake sibheke igxathu negxathu ukuthi kufanele sihlanze futhi sinakekele kanjani izinhlobo ze-RAM.
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukukhomba ukuthi imemori itholakala kuphi, kanye nemodeli yayo nokuthi empeleni ikhompyutha icishiwe ngokuphelele futhi ayixhunywanga kunoma yimiphi imingcele. Lapho siphambi kwekhadi lapho inkumbulo itholakala khona, kuhle ukuxhumana nesandla ukuqeda uhlobo oluthile lwamandla we-static ahlakazekile.
Kodwa-ke, kunconywa ukusebenzisa amagilavu we-latex. Ngendlela eqaphelayo inkumbulo ihlukaniswe ngobumnene ngokuyisusa ezikhonkwaneni, imemori ngokuvamile ifakwa kwizinsimbi ezincane ezikhulunywa ngobumnene futhi zisuswe kalula.
Uqala ukuhlanza izingxenye zokuxhumana ngebhulashi elithambile kakhulu, uma uthola okokuhlanza oxhumana ngogesi kuhle ukuyisebenzisa. Umqondo wukuqeda uthuli olunganqwabelana futhi lunamathele ngenxa yokushisa. Khumbula ukuthi ukushisa okweqile nothuli kubambezela inqubo yokusebenza.
Inqubo yokuhlanza ilula, kufanele nje uyenze ngokucophelela okukhulu. Izingxenye ozozihlanza zingalimala njengoba zizwela esikhunjeni somuntu, ezingadalula uhlobo oluthile lokushaja okumile futhi zilimaze.
Abantu abaningi benze lolu hlobo lwesondlo futhi abanazo izinkinga, ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukuthola ukusebenza okungcono ngezinhlobo zememori, qala manje futhi ujabulele ukusebenza kahle kwekhompyutha.
Uma uluthandile lolu lwazi, sikumema ukuthi uvakashele ibhulogi yethu yezobuchwepheshe ngokuchofoza izixhumanisi ezilandelayo, eziqukethe nemininingwane ephathelene nesihloko okuxoxwe ngaso kulesi sihloko.