Kumakhompiyutha kukhona iqoqo lolwazi oluphethwe yingxenye eyaziwa njenge-database, lo mbhalo uzochaza konke ukungalungi futhi izinzuzo zolwazi.
Iseva yesitoreji yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zedatha
Izinzuzo zolwazi
Njengamanje, ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kanye namanethiwekhi, sekusungulwe amathuluzi namapulatifomu ahlukahlukene ahambisa kalula ukudluliswa kwedatha, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthi kube nensizakalo lapho imininingwane esebenza ohlelweni igcinwa khona. hlela idatha esetshenziswe kunethiwekhi ethile.
Imininingo egciniwe inomsebenzi wokugcina imininingwane ehlobene nohlelo lwekhompiyutha ukuze kwenziwe lula ukuseshwa kwedatha ethile ezosetshenziswa ohlelweni oluthile. Ukuphathwa kolwazi kwenziwa ngendlela yokuthi ukwazi ukuzisebenzisa emikhakheni ehlukene lapho idivayisi inakho.
Inhlangano eyenziwa kumasethi wedatha nolwazi isungula umzila osheshayo osetshenziswa umshini ukwenza lula ukusebenza kohlelo nokwenziwa kwezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene ngokuya ngohlelo lwazo, lapho uhlelo luxhumanisa amafayela afanele nedatha egcinwe iseva ye-elekthronikhi ephethe amarekhodi ezinto zokusebenza.
Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngohlelo lwenethiwekhi, uyamenywa ukuthi ufunde i-athikili ngo- Ukuqapha kwenethiwekhi.
Ukufinyelela kudatha nolwazi
Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zolwazi ukungena kwabo ngokushesha kulwazi oluthile lwefayela elicelwe umsebenzisi ngohlelo lokusebenza lwekhompyutha, ukuze ukwazi ukuguqula le datha njengoba kufunwa umuntu okukhulunywa ngaye. yefayela.
Akunamkhawulo enanini lezikhathi lapho idatha egciniwe ingafakwa khona, unethuba lokuzicela ezimeni ezivumelekile, ngale ndlela unethuba lokuphinda uhlelo lokusebenza ohlelweni lokusebenza lwekhompyutha kulokho wena unekhono lokusebenza nokuphatha amafayela ngesikhathi sakho.
Enye inzuzo ukuthi yehlisa amacala wolwazi oluphindaphindiwe noma eminye imininingwane eyimpinda, ngaleyo ndlela igweme izinkinga zokugcina kwi-hard disk nasekwenzeni uhlelo lokusebenza kwekhompyutha. Unethuba lokuphatha idatha ehlukile ngasikhathi sinye, ngakho-ke kuyasiza ngokusebenza kwesistimu nokwenziwa komyalo ngaphandle kokuphahlazeka kwekhompyutha.
Inikeza ithuba lokususa amarekhodi agcinwe kuseva futhi aphindwe kathathu, ukuze inhlangano enkulu igcinwe kulwazi olugcinwe kwikhompyutha. Ukuze idatha ivuselelwe ngokuya ngesenzo esenziwa kuseva, ilahla amafayela angathathwa njengodoti noma angenasidingo.
Kukhulisa umkhiqizo nokusebenza kahle kwekhompyutha lapho kwenziwa ukudluliswa kolwazi ngamanethiwekhi anohlelo. Phakathi kwezinye zezinzuzo zolwazi ukungena kwabo ngokushesha ngeseva lapho ikhompyutha inejubane elikhulu lokusebenza efayeleni elifanele.
Ngenxa yolwazi, ukusebenza kahle kwekhompyutha kuyanda, kuvumela abasebenzisi imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ekhompyutheni ngemininingwane ehleliwe ebhekele ukufinyelela amafayela athile ohlelo aceliwe kanye nemisebenzi kufanele isebenze ukufeza imiyalo esetshenziswe emshinini.
Amayunithi wesitoreji
Ngokuya nge-hard disk onayo kukhompyutha, izinzuzo zolwazi zingahluka, ngoba amandla amakhulu ale ngxenye, kulapho uketshezi lukhulu lukhona ekusebenzeni kohlelo namafayela onawo kukhompyutha. Kunama-SSD nama-HDD ahlinzeka ngezici ezithile ekusebenzeni kolwazi nokudluliswa kwedatha ngaphandle kokuwa kwekhompyutha.
Njengamanje kunezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene zemininingwane ngaphandle kwemingcele ngakho-ke ayikho imibandela yokufaka imininingwane evela kukhompyutha, yingakho izinkampani nezinhlangano zisebenzisa imininingwane yolwazi ukugcina ukuhleleka kuyo yonke imininingwane oyidingayo ukuyigcina ukuze isetshenziswe kamuva.
Amandla okwabelana ngamafayela alondoloziwe nedatha
Futhi phakathi kwezinzuzo zolwazi kungenzeka ukuthi kwabelwane ngemininingwane egcinwe kusevisi ukuze izinkampani zibe nethuba lokugcina ubudlelwane emhlabeni wonke ngokudlulisa imininingwane nezinye izinhlangano ukuze ubudlelwano busungulwe kumaseva anama-computer alezi zikhungo.
Ngale ndlela uyakwazi ukufinyelela kuseva kusuka noma ukuphi, ngakho-ke inikeza ulwazi oludingekayo ngaleso sikhathi; Akuphoqelekile ukuba nesikhungo sokujabulela izinzuzo zolwazi, kudinga kuphela iseva esungulwe kunethiwekhi exhunywe kulwazi olugcinwe kusistimu yekhompyutha, ngaleyo ndlela ifinyelele ekutholakaleni kokutholakala kwenye indawo yokungena.
Dynamic futhi eyodwa
Imininingwane ingabekwa endaweni eyodwa, okungukuthi, endaweni eyodwa ngakho-ke inenzuzo yokuba sefwini okuyiseva yekhompyutha lapho kugcinwa khona inani elikhulu lamafayela nolwazi okungatholakala kunoma iyiphi ikhompyutha ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, amaseva nezingosi kunwetshiwe ngomsebenzi wokugcina idatha.
Okwamanje, amayunithi wokugcina anamandla, avumela ikhwalithi ephezulu ekusebenzeni kokulondolozwa kwamafayela, kukhona nokukhululeka ekuphathweni nasekuguqulweni kwedatha ngaphandle komkhawulo. Ngendlela efanayo, kungenzeka ukuthi kufundwe imininingwane egcinwe kunoma iyiphi idivayisi, lokhu kuyisizathu sokuthi enye yezinzuzo zolwazi ukuthi zinamandla.
Idathabheyisi yenza ukugcinwa kwemininingwane kube lula kakhulu ngoba izinqolobane zangaphambilini bezisetshenziswa ukugcina amafayili ngokwenyama, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe indawo ebonakalayo ebisetshenziselwa ukugcina imininingwane ebalulekile. Izindleko ezingeziwe ziyagwenywa ukugcina lezi zindawo ngezimo ezifanele zokusetshenziswa kamuva, okuba ukonga okubaluleke kakhulu kwezimali ezinkampanini ezinkulu.
Ukubuyela emuva nezinto eziphathwayo
Enye yezinzuzo zolwazi kungenzeka ukusekela wonke amafayela nolwazi olugcinwe kuseva; Udinga nje kuphela ukusebenzisa umsebenzi okufanele wenziwe yidivayisi ukwenza ikhophi eyisipele yayo yonke idatha egcinwe endaweni yesikhulumi.
Iphinde ibonakale ngokuphatheka, okusho ukuthi, i-database ingafakwa lapho idingeka khona ngokuya ngokusebenza okufanele kwenziwe, ngoba unethuba lokufaka le seva kusuka kwenye idivayisi kuphela uma kwenzeka ilungiselelwe ukungena kusuka kunoma iyiphi indawo yokungena ngephasiwedi esungulwe ukugcina ukuphepha nobumfihlo bemininingwane egciniwe.
Ngale ndlela, idatha edingekayo ingadluliselwa kusayithi elithile ngokuphepha okukhulu, ngisho neseva inika ithuba lokugcina ukuxhumana namadivayisi axhunywe kungxenyekazi yayo, ukuze ushintsho olwenziwe lubuyekezwe Ku ikhompyutha ngayinye exhumene, ukuhlelwa nokuphathwa kwemininingwane egciniwe kulondolozwa kanjalo.
Uma ufuna ukwazi ngeseva yokugcina idatha ukuthi ube nokuvikeleka okukhulu kwamafayela akho, uyamenywa ukuthi ubone i-athikili ye- Izici zefu eliyimfihlo.
nebubi
Ngaphandle kwazo zonke izinzuzo zolwazi olungasetshenziswa namuhla, kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi kungahle kube nokubi ekusetshenzisweni kwabo, lokhu kuhlotshaniswa nenani elikhulu lolwazi olungagcinwa ukuze lube ngabasebenzi kamuva, ngakho-ke abasebenzisi bayelulekwa ukuthi kugcinwe imininingwane ebalulekile kuphela kuseva.
Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu ezingenzeka ngamaseva wedatha ukuthi ingakhuphula isisindo sayo, okungukuthi, njengoba izinhlobo eziningi zamafayela zigcinwa, ipulatifomu iyawa nayo yonke imininingwane egciniwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, uzinzo lulahlekile ohlelweni lwemishini exhunywe kwiseva ye-elekthronikhi, yingakho uphiko lwesitoreji lunikeza izinkinga ekusebenzeni kwalo.
Ukwehluleka kulwazi kungacela ukuthi kwande umthamo wesikhala esikhona kuseva, ukuze kugwenywe amaphutha ekwenzeni uhlelo nokuphathwa kwamafayela agciniwe. Ukuzinza kusesimweni esibucayi ngenxa yokwehluleka okwenziwa ekucushweni kwedatha nasekufinyeleleni kwepulatifomu ehambisanayo.
Amaphutha abucayi
Ukusebenza kahle kwikhompyutha kuncishisiwe ukwehluleka okwenzeka ohlelweni, ukusebenza kwemiyalo eyenziwe entweni yokusebenza; Kukhona nezinkinga ekusetshenzisweni ngasikhathi sinye kwemininingwane egciniwe, ngakho-ke ukusebenza kwesikhathi sokuphendula kuzicelo ezahlukahlukene zomsebenzisi kuyathinteka, okuholela emaphutheni.
Ukushelela ekusebenzeni kwekhompyutha komshini kulahlekile, amaphutha angenziwa ohlelweni lokusebenza, alimaze ngisho nokuqala kwekhompyutha. Kukhona futhi ukulahleka kwedatha egcinwe kuseva, ngakho-ke kulula ukuthi ukwenza isipele kwenziwe kwenye iseva noma kwenye ipulatifomu yokuqinisekisa ukongiwa kwayo ngaphandle kokuthintwa yilezi ziphutha zohlelo ezibucayi.
Ukuvuselelwa
Okunye ukungalungi okufanele kubhekwe kulwazi kungukubuyekezwa okufanele kwenziwe ngezikhathi ezithile, inkinga enkulu ngalesi senzo ukuthi le nqubo iyinkimbinkimbi ngoba ingakhubaza ukusebenza kwepulatifomu ngakho abaphathi abakhona ku amafayela nedatha egciniwe kulahlekile.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lwakhiwe ngolimi lwe-SQL olusungula ukuxhumana kwiseva kepha ngokuvuselelwa inguqulo yesistimu yakho kufanele iguqulwe ngokuguqula ukumiswa nokusebenza kwiseva. Lesi senzo kufanele senziwe ngokwesibopho, ngenxa yentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe neyekhompyutha eyenziwa nsuku zonke, yingakho kuyinkinga eyenzeka ekubuyekezweni kwesiphakeli ngasinye.
Izindleko
Izindleko nezindleko ezenziwa ngamaseva wedatha zihlobene nokwandiswa kwepulatifomu, ukuze kube namandla amakhulu okugcina, kepha lokhu akuyona mahhala kepha kufanele kukhokhwe ukuthola isikhala esithe xaxa sokwandisa inani lamafayela nedatha lokho kungagcinwa kule pulatifomu; Iphinde iyahambisana nokuvuselelwa okufanele kwenziwe, nakho okukhokhelwayo, okwenza kube nzima ukuthola.
