Lapho kwenziwa noma iyiphi inqubo, noma ngabe idala inkampani, ibuyekeza uMthetho Womthetho waleyo esivele idaliwe; Ukwakha umfelandawonye, okuyinto namuhla evamile kakhulu, kuyadingeka ukwenza izinqubo ezithile. Lapha sizobona izinyathelo zokukwenza ku-Mercantile Registry e-Venezuela, sikumema ukuthi ufunde kabanzi mayelana nalezi zinqubo.
I-Mercantile Registry e-Venezuela
Njengoba sesishilo kakade, lapho kudingekile ukwakha inkampani ethile ngaphakathi kwemingcele yezomthetho, izinyathelo ezithile kufanele zilandelwe ku-Mercantile Registry eVenezuela, ikakhulukazi ngoba yinkinga ethinta thina. Phakathi kwalezi zinqubo kubalwa ukubhaliswa okufanele kwegama, kumele liqinisekiswe ngaphambilini ukuze lingahambisani nokunye ukubhaliswa kwelinye ibhizinisi, ibhizinisi okungenzeka ukuthi selikhona.
Yonke imibhalo yezomthetho edingekayo ukuze kubhaliswe kanye nezinqubo ezifanele kumele ilethwe; Enye yalezi zidingo ukukhanselwa kwenani elihambisana nezintela kanye nokuvunyelwa okusemthethweni okulandelayo kokubhaliswa, ukuze inkampani entsha yenziwe futhi ilungiselelwe ngokufanelekile ukuqala kwemisebenzi yezohwebo.
Isifinyezo esifushane somlando
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi i-Mercantile Registry injani e-Venezuela namuhla, kubalulekile ukuthi sithathe uhambo lomlando ukuze sazi umsuka wayo, izinguquko kanye nokuvela lokhu okuye kwaba nakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nokuthi ziyini. izigaba ezahlukene. Singasho ukuthi iVenezuela ikopishe isibonelo samanye amazwe sokuthi kufanele kwenziwe kanjani i-Mercantile Registry.
Ukuqala kwezinto ezandulelayo ngokweRejista Yezentengiselwano esiyaziyo kusiholela ngqo ezikhathini zasendulo, lapho abathengisi ngokwabo baqala ukuhlangana, ukuhlela nokudala lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "i-Liber Mercatorum". Idokhumenti eshiwo ikhuluma ngohlu lwabo bonke abathengisi abenza imisebenzi yezentengiso. Ukubhaliswa kuyo kwakuvame ukuba ngokuzikhethela futhi isizathu esiyinhloko sokubhalisa kwakuwukuthola izinzuzo ezinikezwa ukubambisana.
Ngalesi sikhathi inani lezinguquko zomthetho zifakwa kusukela ngonyaka we-1953 kuya ku-1984, ngaleso sikhathi indlela okwenziwa ngayo namuhla iqala ukusondela kwi-Mercantile Registry.
Phakathi kwezinguquko ezifakwe kuyo, singabala ezinye, okuyilezi:
Kuyaqinisekiswa ukuthi wonke amabhizinisi abhalisiwe awokuhweba.
Kufanele ubhalise ku-Mercantile Registry ukuze wenze imisebenzi yezentengiso.
Ukwenza ukubhaliswa kuguqula umuntu onentshisekelo enze ibhizinisi elisemthethweni.
Umlando omfushane werejista yezohwebo
Ngonyaka we-1862, i-Mercantile Registry iqala okokuqala eVenezuela ngokuguqulwa kweKhodi Yezohwebo. Imisebenzi ebalulekile noma eyinhloko yayilinganiselwe ekuxhumaneni nasekusungulweni kwemibhalo ethile eyayihlobene nezivumelwano zokulingana phakathi kwabashadile nokuba nerekhodi lezinkontileka phakathi kwabantu nezinkampani.
I-Mercantile Registry eVenezuela, phakathi kokunye, inomsebenzi wokuthi, njengoba negama layo libonisa, ukubhalisa abathengisi noma abantu abanamabhizinisi; Iphinde igcwalise umsebenzi wokurekhoda imicimbi nokusebenzisana okusemthethweni okwenzeka ngesikhathi sethrafikhi yezohwebo.
Kodwa-ke, kuhle ukusho ukuthi ayisebenzi ngokuhlukana noma yodwa, wathi i-Registry kufanele isebenze futhi igcinwe ngokubambisana ne-National Vehicle Registry, i-Industrial Property Registry, ephethe ukubhaliswa kwezimpawu zokuthengisa kanye namalungelo obunikazi; i-Air Registry, i-Subordinate Registry, ephethe ukugcinwa, ukubhaliswa nokulawulwa kwezindlu ezithengiswayo; ngokunjalo ne-National Registry of Securities.
Ubunzima bokubhalisa inkampani eVenezuela namuhla
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, iVenezuela njengamanje ingelinye lamazwe emhlabeni anezinkinga nezinkinga eziningi uma kukhulunywa ngokwakha inkampani. Ngo-2015, umagazini we-Doing Business wenze ucwaningo ngalesi sihloko; futhi ocwaningweni olunjalo, i-Venezuela ichazwa phakathi kwamazwe ayishumi anenani elikhulu lezinkinga zezomnotho, kanye nokuphazamiseka okungokomthetho lapho kubhaliswa inkampani.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi sinesici somnotho futhi isici sokwenza yonke inqubo ngokuvamile kubiza kakhulu. Kulokhu, inani elilinganiselwe lama-49.9% kufanele likhokhwe ngokwemali engenayo yomuntu ngamunye ngenjongo yokubhalisa ibhizinisi.
Izinyathelo zokubhalisa inkampani eVenezuela
Kufanele sicabangele ukubaluleka kwendawo kanye nendlela yokusebenza kwamahhovisi afanele ukwenza i-Mercantile Registry, ngoba ihhovisi ngalinye linamandla noma ukuzimela ukukhombisa izidingo kanye nemibhalo edingekayo ekusungulweni kwezikhathi okungenzeka zinike isikhathi ukwenza lolu hlelo.
Ngaphambi kokuthi othintekayo aye ku-Mercantile Registry ukuze enze inqubo, kufanele abe noMthetho Wokugunyazwa kwenkampani, wathi isenzo kumele sibe nolwazi olulandelayo:
Igama Lenkampani.
Isizathu sezentengiso noma umsebenzi ozokwenziwa.
Ukucaciswa kwedatha yomnikazi, ozakwethu noma abaninimasheya: amagama aphelele, umazisi, inombolo ye-RIF; iphesenti lenkampani elihambisana nelungu ngalinye.
Idethi nendawo eyakhiwe ngayo nalapho Ibhodi Labaqondisi lakhiwa khona.
Ikheli lendawo yentela.
Imininingwane kakhomishani kufanele icaciswe.
Idethi yomgomo wokwenza ukuvalwa kwezimali.
ISaid Constitutive Act kumele isekelwe ngummeli onelayisensi. Uma idokhumenti isidaliwe, isicelo singafakwa kunoma yimaphi amahhovisi e-Mercantile Registry ezwe.
Maqondana nalokhu okungenhla, kumele kulandelwe uchungechunge lwezinyathelo esizozihlukanisa ngezansi, ukuze umfundi azi ngazo, okuyilezi:
Kufanele uye kunoma yiliphi ihhovisi le-Mercantile Registry ukuze ugcine igama lakho. Njengeseluleko maqondana naleli phuzu ukuthi kufanele usungule ngezinketho, njengoba ukubhaliswa okuthile kungase kube nezinkokhelo maqondana nokuqinisekiswa ukuthi igama liyatholakala.
Ngakho-ke lapho wenza ubuciko obuningi, makhulu amathuba okuthi igama olikhethayo ngeke lisetshenziswe. Ngokufanayo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngesikhathi sosizo kuzokwethulwa izinketho ezintathu.
Uma sesenze lesi sinyathelo esishiwo ngenhla, i-Registry ngokwayo kufanele ikhombise isikhathi okufanele sihambe ngaso futhi ukuze sazise uma inketho iyekwa yenziwa; noma bazophinde bashaye ucingo ngenhloso yokwazisa ukuthi uhlelo lwegama luvunyiwe ukuze kube yigama elisemthethweni lebhizinisi elizokwenziwa ngumfakisicelo.
Esimeni lapho kungekho neyodwa yezinketho ezintathu ezethulwayo efanelekile, ezinye izindlela ezintathu kufanele zizanywe egameni elishiwo; Le nqubo ingazanywa izikhathi eziningi njengoba kudingeka kuze kube yilapho kutholakala igama elingabhalisiwe. Ngalesi sizathu, kuyatuseka ukuthi udale ngezinketho ezethulwa yiqembu elinentshisekelo.
Uma kungenzeka, ukukhansela okuhambisanayo kufanele kwenziwe engxenyeni yegama isikhathi esiyinyanga eyodwa.
Ngokunjalo, ummeli uyadingeka ukuze abhale uMthethosisekelo onedatha yeqiniso elisha lezomthetho. Esimeni lapho kungekho ngcweti yezomthetho eyaziwayo, kunenketho yokuyithola emahhovisi e-Mercantile Registry uqobo bese ubhala umbhalo.
Ngemuva kwesinyathelo sokudala uMthetho Wokugunyazwa futhi usuvele ubhaliwe, idokhumenti enamathiselwe ifakwa negama elaligodliwe ngaphambilini, amakhophi amathathu eRejista Yolwazi Lwentela (i-RIF) kanye nomazisi amakhadi abalingani, umnikazi. kanye nabanikazi bamasheya, ngaphambi kwe-Mercantile Registry.
Kungani i-Commerce Registry ibalulekile?
Mayelana nombuzo oshiwo ngenhla, singasho ukuthi inqubo yokubhaliswa kwebhizinisi iholela ezinzuzweni eziningi zamabhizinisi, phakathi kwalezi, inkampane yeRegistry isebenza njengomthombo wolwazi mayelana namabhizinisi kanye nemithethonqubo yezomthetho nezomnotho okufanele igcwaliseke. ukuze ukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ngaphakathi kohlaka lomthetho, oluyalelwa nguHulumeni.
NgokweSimemezelo esishicilelwe ku-Official Gazette No. 37.333 esihlokweni sayo sama-49, kunqunywa ukuthi inhloso eyinhloko ye-Mercantile Registry isezicini eziningana, okungukuthi:
Ukubhaliswa kwabantu abanentshisekelo abafisa ukwenza imisebenzi yezohwebo ngokuhambisana nezinhlinzeko zomthetho. Lokhu kuhlanganisa umsebenzi kanye nenkontileka enquma uhwebo ngokuya ngalokho okushiwo umthetho ngokwawo.
Ngokunjalo, ukukhokhwa nokubhaliswa kwamabhizinisi akwamanye amazwe ahlose ukwenza umsebenzi wokuhweba ngaphakathi kwezwe.
Ngendlela efanayo, i-Mercantile Registry inesibopho sokwenza izincwadi zamabhizinisi zibe semthethweni. Iphinde futhi ibhekele ukunikeza ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze ubhalise ngempumelelo. Ngendlela efanayo, eminye imisebenzi emincane esungulwe ngumthetho.
Izici
Maqondana nalesi sihloko, singasho ukuba khona kwezici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ze-Mercantile Registry, esiyinqumayo ukuze kucacelwe umfundi, okuyilezi:
Ibhizinisi elisemthethweni: Njengoba igama layo libonisa, ligunyaza futhi linikeza ukwethembeka ezinkampanini ezihlukene ezibhaliswe kuyo ngokuphathelene nombuso, ezingeni layo yonke indawo yeriphabhulikhi. Lokhu kuzovumela labo ababhalisiwe ukuthi bajabulele zonke izinzuzo, ukuvikeleka kanye nokwesekwa okuhlinzekwa ngumthetho ekwenzeni imisebenzi yezohwebo.
Ibhizinisi elilawula ukukhangisa: Ngokufanayo, i-Mercantile Registry inomsebenzi wokuxhumana nalabo abayidingayo imisebenzi, amaqiniso, izenzo kanye nokuthengiselana okusemthethweni okuhlobene nakho. Lokhu kubalulwe ku-athikili 215 yeKhodi Yezohwebo.
Isikhungo sikahulumeni: leli bhizinisi lisetshenziswa yibo bonke, kodwa ikakhulukazi elabathengisi. Ngokunjalo, imali engenayo isebenza njengokuzisiza hhayi ngenjongo yokukhiqiza ingcebo kwabanye abantu.
Isevisi ezimele ngaphandle komuntu osemthethweni: I-Mercantile Registry iyisikhungo sikahulumeni esiyingxenye yoMnyango Wezangaphakathi Nobulungisa, nokho inegunya lokuzimela ngokuphathelene nezimpahla ezilawula imali engenayo eziyitholayo, ngenxa yezinqubo ezihlukene ezenziwayo.
Okuhamba phambili kwesistimu yokuqinisekisa kanye nekhasi lomuntu siqu: Lapho ubhalisa inkampani noma ibhizinisi, izici nezindlela zokuqhutshwa kwebhizinisi kufanele kukhonjiswe. Nokho, irekhodi lingase lingafani nohlobo lwemisebenzi yokuhweba oyenzayo. Nokho, okubalulekile wuhlaka lomthetho mayelana nencazelo eyenziwe ngesikhathi sokubhaliswa.
Noma yimuphi umsebenzi owenziwa yi-Mercantile Registry uvumelekile futhi unembile: Lokhu kusungulwa ku-athikili 58 ye-Public Registry and Notary Law, esungula okulandelayo: "Okuqukethwe kwerejista kucatshangwa ukuthi kunembile futhi kuvumelekile, kodwa ukubhaliswa akuqinisekisi izenzo eziyize nezinkontileka."
Kufanele futhi sazise umfundi, ngendlela yolwazi lwentshisekelo, ukuthi ukubhaliswa kwemibhalo kungenzeka ngezindlela ezimbili noma izinhlobo, okuyizi:
okuyisisekelo
Babhekisela ekubhalisweni kwamadokhumenti ngendlela yokuthi bathole isimo somthetho phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezithintekayo.
izimemezelo
Ngokuphathelene nezakhi, izimemezelo zinikeza imininingwane ehlobene nesenzo noma isimo esinenjongo yomthetho, kunokulandisa kwesenzo ngokwaso. Ngaphakathi kwalokhu kucaciswa, imibhalo esungulwe ku-athikili 4, 5 kanye ne-6 ehlobene nalokho okusungulwe ku-athikili 19 yeKhodi Yezohwebo inganikezwa.
Ngokombono wababhali abaningana, imiphumela ethile ebalulekile ehlobene nokubhaliswa kwedokhumenti ku-Mercantile Registry ishiwo, mayelana nalokhu singabala okulandelayo:
Nakuba inkampani esemthethweni ibhalisiwe, ayibhekwa njengesemthethweni kuze kube yilapho i-Mercantile Registry seyenziwe futhi nokushicilelwa kokubhalisa sekukhishiwe. Okufanayo kwenzeka ngezinguquko zemithetho, njengoba zigunyazwa ngokuhambisana nezinhlinzeko ze-athikili 19 kanye ne-221 yekhodi yezohwebo.
Yiziphi Izincwadi ezivaliwe?
Zonke izikhungo noma izinhlangano zezentengiselwano ezenza imisebenzi yokwenza inzuzo kufanele zibe nochungechunge lwezincwadi ukuze kugcinwe ukulawula nokubhalisa ukubalwa kwezimali okufanele kanye nesimo sezimpahla nezikweletu ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Lesi yisibopho esisungulwe yiKhodi Yezohwebo ngokwayo ukuze kwenziwe ukubalwa kwezimali kube lula futhi kube njalo, ikakhulukazi emabhizinisini athile izimali zawo zithintwa ngokuqondile umnotho wezwe. Ibhizinisi ngalinye kufanele libe nalawa mabhuku e-accounting alandelayo: ibhuku lansuku zonke, ileja evamile kanye nencwadi yokusungula.
Ngokungeziwe kulokhu okungenhla, kufanele futhi babe nezincwadi zezinkampani ezihambisanayo ngokuhambisana nezinhlinzeko ze-athikili 260 yeKhodi Yezohwebo.
Izincwadi esizibalule ngenhla zingahlukaniswa kanje: incwadi yabanikazi bamasheya, incwadi yamaminithi yomqondisi kanye nencwadi yemizuzu yomhlangano. Ngokunjalo, ibhizinisi ngalinye linethuba lokuba nenye inombolo yezincwadi ezengeziwe uma likubona kunesidingo; Kungase ngisho kukhulunywe ngakho njengabasizi ukuze kunikelwe kalula futhi kududuzeke emisebenzini yezohwebo eyenziwayo, kuhlale kukhunjulwa ukuthi imingcele edingekayo iyahlangatshezwana nayo.
Ukuze sinikeze umfanekiso omkhulu kumfundi, sizokwethula kafushane futhi sichaze zonke izincwadi ezidingekayo ukuze zisetshenziswe ngokuyisibopho ngamabhizinisi lapho enza umsebenzi wawo kanye nemisebenzi yezohwebo, yilezi:
Incwadi yedayari: kuyo, irekhodi libhalwa phansi ngokulandelana okuthile kwayo yonke imisebenzi eyenziwa kujenali. Ezinye izinhlangano zezentengiso nazo zirekhoda kuleli bhuku inani elitholwe ngokuthengisa ekupheleni kosuku; icacisa inani eliphelele lemali engenayo, noma ngabe ngokudluliswa kwemali, amaphuzu okuthengisa noma ukheshi.
Incwadi yombhalo: izosebenza njengesipele sebhuku elibizwa ngokuthi i-Diary, lapho ama-akhawunti abantu noma izinto arekhodwa khona ngokuya ngedebhithi nekhredithi. Ukulandelana kwezikhathi ngedethi kufanele kuhambisane nalolo oluvela ebhukwini lansuku zonke futhi kuzokwazi futhi ukubuka i-akhawunti yomuntu siqu kanye ne-akhawunti yomuntu siqu ngaphandle kokufakwa kuthebula umsebenzi ngamunye owenziwe, njengoba kwenziwa ebhukwini lansuku zonke.
Incwadi Yokusungula: lapha ingqikithi yezimpahla uhwebo olunazo, okuhlanganisa namakhredithi, kuchazwa futhi kunqunywa. Ngokufanayo, ifinyelela ukugcinwa komlando wezinsiza, izinto zokwakha nokunye ibhizinisi elinakho. Iphinde ivumele ukufezeka kwesilinganiso senani langempela lebhizinisi noma yini efanayo, ukwazi ukuthi yisiphi isikhathi se-akhawunti evamile yohwebo.
Kule ncwadi, ingqikithi yalokho okungenayo nokuthi yimaphi amaqabunga kufanele kubhalwe phansi, ukuze ngaso sonke isikhathi kubonakale izimpahla zangempela ezikhona.
Izincwadi Ezisizayo okufanele zethulwe ku-Mercantile Registry e-Venezuela
Maqondana nalokhu, amabhizinisi anenketho yokuba nezincwadi Ezisizayo, kulesi sigaba singabala: ibhuku lempahla, incwadi yokwethula, incwadi yokukopisha izincwadi, ibhuku lenkomba, incwadi yokubhala yevawusha, izincwadi zezincwadi nezincwadi zesitembu.
Encwadini yevawusha, njengoba negama layo lisho; Idatha yawo wonke amavawusha namarisidi ahlobene nebhizinisi elisemthethweni afakiwe, njengalezi: idatha yamarisidi okutholwa kwempahla, idatha yamarisidi esevisi, amavawusha okukhokha intela, amavawusha ama-invoyisi akhishwe abasabalalisi, phakathi kokunye. abanye.
Inamiphi iminyango?
Iningi lama-First Mercantile Registries, atholakala endaweni kazwelonke, anesakhiwo senhlangano esifanayo, nokho anomehluko wawo ngokuthi ngamunye unegunya lokunquma ukuthi inhlangano, ukusebenza kanye nesakhiwo kuzoba njani.
Umnyango wezokuphatha, isethulo kanye nezibalo: Leli yihhovisi eliphethe ukwenza izilinganiso zentela yezimali, ukuthuthukiswa kwamafomu okukhansela icala ngalinye ethulwayo kanye namalungelo okubhalisa axhunywe nezinhlangano ezisemthethweni ezingaphansi kwesizinda salo.
Umnyango Wezingobo Zomlando: inomsebenzi wokudala nokugcina amafayela ahlukene ezikhungo zomthetho ezibhaliswe endlunkulu.
Umnyango Wokunikeza: lapha kuza zonke izicelo zedatha yakamuva eyenziwe ngabasebenzisi, lapho izidingo ezifakiwe zichazwa futhi zifakwe kuhlu lokudala amavolumu.
Umnyango Wokufaka: Imibhalo emisha noma leyo eguqulelwe kufayela lezinkampani ezidaliwe kakade zengezwa futhi zicutshungulwe kuyo. Iphinde inikezwe amandla okukhipha amakhophi aqinisekisiwe abhaliswe njengaceliwe.
Umnyango Womabhalane: Kuyo, izinqubo ezihlobene nemibhalo ezonikezwa ziyenziwa. Futhi banesibopho sokuthi imibhalo iveze isiginesha yabo bonke abantu abavela kuzo.
Umnyango Wokubuyekezwa Kwezomthetho: Kulo mnyango, amadokhumenti aqinisekisiwe futhi kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ahlangabezana nezidingo ezifanele ezisungulwe umthetho kahulumeni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufaneleka kwawo nokuthi afaneleka ukubhaliswa okulandelayo noma ukuwanamathisela kumafayela. Iningi labasebenzi abasebenza kulo mnyango babuyekeza abameli, laba basebenzi bagunyazwe ngokugcwele ukuthi babuyekeze imibhalo efanele.
Umfundi angabuye abuyekeze:
Kanjani Faka isicelo sekhadi e-Walmart Kalula
I-BNC: Uphenyo Lwebhalansi Ngokushesha Futhi Kalula