Umthombo wamandla: Kuyini futhi kusebenza kanjani?

Ukuze ikhompuyutha isebenze, kubalulekile ukuthi ibe ne- amandla kagesi, okuwucezu oluyisisekelo, njengoba inesibopho sokuguqula amandla kagesi ahlinzekwa ugesi wasekhaya abe amandla angasetshenziswa izingxenye eziningi ngaphakathi kwe-CPU yekhompyutha. Thola kulesi sihloko konke okuhlobene nale hardware, ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezikhona, ukuthi ungazi kanjani ukuthi iyiphi enginayo nokunye okuningi.

Kuyini ukunikezwa kwamandla?

Ngaphambi kokuchaza Kuyini ukunikezwa kwamandla, kuyadingeka ukwazi amagama athile azocacisa incazelo, okungukuthi:

• Amandla kagesi: ukuhamba kwezindleko ukusuka kwelinye iphuzu kuya kwelinye, ngaphakathi kwendawo evumela ukuthi, njengezintambo zikagesi, ama-conductor kagesi, i-cathode, i-anode, nabanye.
• I-Alternating Current (AC): kulapho i-electron egeleza khona ishintsha isuka kolunye uhlangothi iye kwenye, isikhathi esithile. Isibonelo, ugesi otholakala ezindlini.
• I-Direct current: (DC): kwenzeka lapho ukugeleza kwama-electron kuhlala kungashintshile ohlangothini olulodwa. Isibonelo, amandla kagesi ageleza ngaphakathi kwethoshi.

Ngalo mqondo, ukunikezwa kwamandla kungachazwa njengengxenye yangaphakathi yekhompuyutha eguqula i-alternating current (AC) ibe amandla amancane ahlukahlukene, kumaleveli avumela izingxenye zekhompuyutha ukuthi zisebenze kahle. La mandla amancane abizwa ngokuthi i-direct current (DC).

Ukunikezwa kwamandla kuyahluka kwezinye izakhi zehadiwe ze-PC ukusetshenziswa kwazo okungabalulekile, njengediski ye-SSD, ngoba ngaphandle kwayo akukho ngxenye yangaphakathi engasebenza, ngisho nekhompyutha ayikwazanga ngisho ukuyivula.

Isizathu esenza kube ucezu olubalulekile lwekhompuyutha. Ngisho noma le ngxenye inganikezi ama-voltages alungile futhi adingekayo, kungenzeka ukuthi kubangele ukwehluleka njengokucisha ugesi kungazelelwe noma ukulimala unomphela kwezinye izingxenye.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi umthombo wamandla uvame ukufushaniswa ngokuthi I-PSU futhi ubizwa nangokuthi umthombo wamandla.

Enye imininingwane okufanele igqanyiswe ukuthi ama-motherboards, amabhokisi kanye imithombo yamandla Ziza ngosayizi abahlukene okuthiwaIzinto Zefomu”, okumele zihambisane ukuze zisebenze ngendlela efanele.

Izimpawu Zomthombo Wamandla

Ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi noma i-PSU idivayisi enesibopho sokuhlinzeka amandla kagesi ngendlela efanele kwezinye izingxenye zekhompyutha, njengebhodi lomama, izidlali ze-DVD noma ama-hard drive. Lona umsebenzi oyinhloko walesi siqeshana, kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho sinezici ezilandelayo:

• Inekesi elihlinzeka ngokuvikeleka kuzo zonke izingxenye zangaphakathi ezingaphakathi, ngokumelene nokuphazamiseka okungenzeka ekunikezeni amandla kagesi, njengokugcwala kwamandla kagesi.
• Ine-fan yayo, eyivumela ukuthi ikhiphe ukushisa okukhiqizwa ngaphakathi.
• Inokushintsha okuncane; ukuyivimbela ekuvuleni; ngisho nalapho inkinobho icindezelwa ukuvula ikhompuyutha.
• Iza namakhebuli nezixhumi ezahlukene, esingabala kuzo izixhumi zamandla ze-MOLEX ne-SATA.
• Amanye amamodeli e-PSU anesikhethi se-voltage; okuvumela umsebenzisi ukuthi axhume ugesi endaweni kagesi eyi-100v noma engu-220v.
• Amandla anikezwa umthombo wamandla akalwa ngama-Watts, futhi aboniswa kulebula imodeli yomthombo wamandla enawo eduze kwawo.

Ukunikezwa Amandla Ebhokisini

Zonke izinto zikagesi zitholakala ngemuva kwe-chassis noma ibhokisi le-CPU. Ungabona nokuthi intambo yamandla yekhompuyutha, intambo exhunywa odongeni, ixhunywe ngemuva kwendawo kagesi.

Kungale khebula lapho lolu cingo luthola khona amandla kagesi okuhweba noma intambo eshintshanayo bese luwuguqula lube owamanje oqondile.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ingemuva lamandla kagesi ngokuvamile liwukuphela kwengxenye ebonwa abantu abaningi. Ngokufanayo ungabona ukuvulwa kwefeni, okuxosha umoya oshisayo ngemuva kwe-PC chassis.

Kungabonakala futhi ukuthi uhlangothi olungaphandle lwebhokisi lokuphakela amandla lunembobo yesilisa enezinhlangothi ezintathu. Lapho uxhuma ikhebula lamandla elixhunywe ngqo kumthombo wamandla wasendlini.

Ngenkathi ingaphakathi kukhompuyutha, izinhlobonhlobo zezintambo ezinezixhumi emikhawulweni emelene zinwebeka kusukela ekunikezeni amandla.

Lezi zindawo zokugcina zivumela ukuxhuma ekunikezeni amandla ngezingxenye ezahlukene ze-PC, ukuze amandla anikezwe kubo.

Ezinye zalezi zixhumi zenzelwe ngokukhethekile ukuxhuma kubhodi lomama, kuyilapho ezinye iziphetho zivumelana kalula namakhadi ezithombe, ama-hard drive, ama-optical drive, noma ezinye izinto.

Ngenxa yokuthi ingxenye ngayinye ye-PC idinga inani elithile lamandla ukuze isebenze kahle, izinsiza zikagesi zilinganiselwe ngama-Watts ukuze zibonise ukuthi yimaphi amandla anganikeza ikhompuyutha.

¿Indlela Umthombo Osebenza Ngayo Angakwazi?

Njengoba sesichazile, umthombo wamandla uyingxenye ebalulekile ukuze ikhompuyutha isebenze kahle. Ngaphandle kwale divayisi, ikhompuyutha iyibhokisi elingasebenzi eligcwele ipulasitiki nensimbi emsulwa.

La ukunikezwa kwamandla okunganciphisi isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokushintshwa ukuze iguqule amandla ashintshayo abe ama-voltage asezingeni eliphansi noma amanje aqondile. Ama-voltage ajwayelekile kakhulu yilawa:

• 3,3 volts
• 5 volts
• 12 volts

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi okwamanje cishe i-100% yomthwalo ikujantshi we-12V, kanti amanye ama-rail aya ngokuya ethatha indawo yesibili. Futhi umthamo wamandla kagesi uboniswa njalo ngama-watts.

Namuhla, amakhompyutha anenkinobho lapho angavulwa futhi acishwe khona. Nakuba zingaphinda zicishwe ngokukhethwa kukho kumenyu yokuqala. Kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi izinketho zombili zihlanganiswe ekunikezeni amandla okujwayelekile iminyaka eminingana.

Lena yindlela uhlelo lokusebenza oluthumela ngayo isignali ku-PSU ukuyitshela ukuthi icime. Ngenkathi inkinobho ithumela isignali engu-5 volt endaweni yamandla ukuyitshela ukuthi iqale.

 Izigaba Zokusebenza kwe-PSU

Ngaphambilini ubone isibonelo esilula sokuthi ukunikezwa kwamandla kusebenza kanjani. Kodwa-ke, nazi izigaba ezine ezizokusiza ukuthi uqonde kangcono ukuthi i-PSU isebenza kanjani.

Isigaba soshintsho:

Kulesi sigaba, ingxenye kagesi ebizwa ngokuthi i-coil transformer isebenza, eguqula amandla angu-120 Volts noma ama-220 Volts - amandla atholwe ephuma odongeni ukuya emandleni aphansi.

Ngokuya ngemodeli yokunikezwa kwamandla, ingaba ne-transformer engaphezu kweyodwa ehlanganisiwe, evumela ukuthola amandla ahlukahlukene njenge-5V, 9V, 12V kanye ne-24V.

Ngemva kokuguqula amandla kagesi angu-120V noma angu-220V abe amandla aphansi, kufanele alungiswe.

Isiteji esilungisiwe:

Kulesi sinyathelo, umthombo wamandla, ngokusebenzisa ezinye izakhi ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-diode, ulungisa amandla, uwaguqule abe yigesi elungile nebi. Le nqubo ivumela i-voltage ukuthi ihlale ngaphezu kwama-volts angu-0, okungukuthi, awehli ngaphansi kwalesi sibalo.

Isiteji sokuhlunga:

Kulesi sigaba, i-voltage yenziwa bushelelezi ukuze kugwenywe iziqongo ezilethwa amandla amanje. Lokhu kufezwa ngama-capacitor noma ama-capacitor, asebenza njengesihlungi esiwavumela ukuthi agcine amandla kagesi futhi awavumele adlule kancane kancane.

Isiteji Sokuzinza:

Kulapho amasekethe ahlanganisiwe ku-PSU aqala khona ukudlala, anesibopho sokuhlinzeka ngemithwalo ehlukene okudingeka izakhi zekhompyutha zisebenze.

Iqiniso elibalulekile

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imvamisa ephezulu eshintshashintshayo yamanje ehlinzekwa amandla kagesi kulula kakhulu ukuyihlunga nokulungisa kunolayini wokuqala ongu-60 Hz AC wamanje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ivumela ukunciphisa ukuhluka kwamandla kagesi kanye nomsindo wezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezibucayi zekhompyutha.

Ngokuyisisekelo, lena yindlela amandla avela kunethiwekhi yasekhaya ayithathayo ngaphambi kokufinyelela isici ngasinye se-PC. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi ukunikezwa kwamandla kunezinye izakhi zikagesi ezifakwe njengeziphikisayo, amakhoyili, njll.

Omunye umniningwane okufanele uqokonyiswe ukuthi inqubo yokuguqula amandla ukusuka kumanje oshintshanayo ukuya kwamandla aqondile ayenzeki ngendlela esethula ngayo.

Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi imithombo eshintshiwe isebenza kanjani, bheka ividiyo esikushiyela yona ngezansi:

Ukumiswa Kwempahla Yamandla

Iminyaka eminingi, bekukhona okungenani izinhlobo eziyisithupha ezahlukene zamandla kagesi kumakhompyutha, futhi ngokuvamile bekuyizinhlobo ze-AT. Eyasetshenziswa kuze kube cishe amashumi ambalwa eminyaka, lapho ikhompyutha yePentium MMX ivela emakethe, lapho imboni inquma ukusebenzisa amandla asekelwe ku-ATX.

I-Las HV Power Supplies Zinezixhumi ebhodini lomama. Le divayisi icushwe inkinobho encane ene-voltage engu-220V, okufanele ibe yingozi uma usebenza nekhompyutha. Lezi zici ezimbili zihlukanisa imithombo ye-AT emithonjeni ye-ATX.

Ezingeni lobuchwepheshe basho idivayisi engajwayelekile, ngakho abasasetshenziswa. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi kube nokudideka ngamatheminali axhuma kubhodi lomama, akhiqize amasekhethi amafushane avamile.

Ngenkathi i Amandla we-ATX Banomjikelezo wesimanje, obuye uhlale usebenza, okungukuthi, umthombo uhlala uthola amandla nge-voltage yamandla aphansi ukuze uhlale ulindile.

Ngokungafani nama-AT, izintambo zikagesi ze-ATX zisebenzisa amatheminali ajwayelekile aklanywe ngendlela yokuthi angakwazi ukuxhunywa kuzixhumi ezingalungile.

Futhi, abakhiqizi babalandeli bavame ukusebenzisa izixhumi ezifanayo njengezintambo zamandla kumadrayivu noma ama-peripherals, ngaleyo ndlela bevumela ifeni ukuthi ithole ama-volts ayi-12 okudingeka iwasebenze.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imithombo yamandla ingahlukaniswa ngokwamandla kanye nohlobo lwebhokisi emithonjeni ye:

• Etafuleni AT (150-200 W)
• I-Mid Tower (200-300)
• Umbhoshongo (230-250W)
• I-Slim (75-100W)
• Kuthebula le-ATX (200-250 W).

Izinkinga ze-PSU

Ochwepheshe abaningi bamakhompiyutha bathi ingxenye yekhompiyutha okungenzeka ukuthi yehluleke ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi le divayisi iyashisa bese ipholisa isikhathi ngasinye lapho isetshenziswa, futhi iphinde ithole amandla e-AC avela endaweni kagesi isikhathi ngasinye lapho okokusebenza kuvuliwe.

Uma ikhompuyutha inokuqalisa kabusha okungahleliwe okuvamile, umlandeli uyekile ukusebenza, ngisho nezinkinga zokusebenza zitholwa kumageyimu, ukulanda noma eminye imisebenzi, lokhu kungase kube izimpawu zokuthi ukunikezwa kwamandla okwekhwalithi ephansi, akonele noma ukuthi kunesici.

Futhi, ukuphila okusebenzisekayo kokunikezwa kwamandla ethu kufanele kucatshangelwe, ngoba ngokuhamba kweminyaka izingxenye zawo zangaphakathi ziyancipha. Ngakho-ke lokho eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule kwakuyi-850W PSU, njengamanje ingaba ngu-650W noma ngaphansi.

Eqinisweni, ikhono lalolu cezu lokusebenza lingase libe sengozini, futhi lifake engozini zonke ezinye izingxenye zekhompyutha.

Ngalo mqondo, kungashiwo ukuthi impilo ewusizo yekhwalithi ephezulu yamandla yiminyaka eyi-10, ngakho akufanele ikunikeze noma yiluphi uhlobo lwenkinga ngaleso sikhathi. Ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukuvuselela imishini yakho, futhi umthombo usuneminyaka engaba ngu-10 ubudala, kunconywa ukuthi uwushintshe ufake omunye.

Uma kwenzeka noma iyiphi inkinga evezwa yikhompyutha yakho, futhi usola ukuthi ibangelwa umthombo wamandla, ungaphatha isiqinisekiso noma uyishintshele enye ingxenye. Okungafaneleki ukuthi uzame ukulungisa ngokwakho, ngaphandle uma unolwazi ngalolu daba, noma umdwebo kagesi, ngaphandle kwalokho kunzima kakhulu kuwe ukuwulungisa.

Izimpawu Zomthombo Owonakele

Ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezivezwa ikhompuyutha, akusho ukuthi ukunikezwa kwamandla kwehlulekile futhi kumele kushintshwe. Ukuze ugweme lolu hlobo lokudideka, okulandelayo yizimpawu esingazibona kalula ukuze sazi ukuthi i-PSU yonakele, kanye nokunye ukwehluleka okungenzeka kwezinye izingxenye zekhompyutha.

Ikhompyutha iyacisha noma iqale kabusha ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo:

Uma ikhompuyutha icisha ngokwayo kungaba ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili. Esokuqala singesinye sezimpawu ezivame kakhulu ezikhombisa ukuthi ugesi kungenzeka usesimweni esibi.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umthombo wamandla awunawo amandla okugcina amandla aqhubekayo adingwa isisetshenziswa ukuze sisebenze. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ihlaselwe yi-overvoltage enkulu kakhulu, eye yabeka engcupheni uhlelo lwayo lokuvikela.

Isizathu sesibili kungenxa yokuthi iphrosesa ingase ishise ngokweqile. Sincoma ukuthi ulande uhlelo olukuvumela ukuthi ukale ama-voltage, isivinini sabalandeli, nezinga lokushisa kukhompyutha yakho; ukuze uvimbele i-CPU ukuthi yeqe imikhawulo yezinga lokushisa futhi yehluleke ngaphambi kwesikhathi kuyo.

Ifeni yomthombo yenza imisindo eyinqaba:

Uma i-fan iqala ukukhipha imisindo engavamile, sengathi igubha okuthile, kuyinkomba yokuthi isiqala ukuhluleka. Into enconyiwe kakhulu ukuthi okungenani i-fan yokuhambisa amandla ishintshiwe, ukuze ivinjwe ekushiseni futhi iqale ukuveza amaphutha amakhulu kakhulu, ngisho nokulimaza enye ingxenye ye-PC.

Izikrini eziluhlaza (BSOD) ziyenzeka:

Izikrini eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zenzeka lapho ukunikezwa kwamandla kungasebenzi, futhi lapho ingakwazi ukuhlinzeka okwamanje okudingeka izingxenye zisebenze. Uma umlayezo wephutha uboniswa lapho uqala umdlalo, kungenzeka ukuthi i-PSU iyahluleka, ngoba yilapho ikhadi lehluzo lidinga amandla engeziwe.

Kodwa-ke, lawa ma-BSOD angadalwa ezinye izimbangela njengokuthi lapho sishaya icala le-PC singaqondile futhi kukhona okunyakazayo; ukuthi uthuli oluningi, i-lint noma ukungcola kuye kwanqwabelana okubangela ukujikeleza okufushane endaweni ethile; lapho uhlelo lokusebenza lungakwazi ukululama iphutha noma ngenxa nje yokuthi kune-hardware embi, mhlawumbe i-RAM noma i-Motherboard; phakathi kwezinye izimbangela.

Iphunga elinamandla lokusha noma ngisho nentuthu:

Uma lolu phawu luvela, ngeshwa kungenxa yokuthi ukunikezwa kukagesi kunephutha kakhulu noma konakale ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngale ndlela elandelayo: ikhompuyutha isebenza ngokujwayelekile futhi, kungazelelwe, kuzwakale umsindo othi “POP!”, bese ikhompuyutha icishiwe bese iqala ukuhogela ukushisa noma ngisho nentuthu ibonakala iphuma.

Lokhu kufana nokuthi i-capacitor yomthombo yonakale ngendlela engenakulungiseka. Futhi, uma lapho uvula i-PSU uthola amanye ama-capacitor avuvukele, anokugqwala noma anemikhondo ye-asidi eyomile, kungenxa yokuthi ngeshwa amandla kagesi adlulile futhi kufanele ashintshwe ngokushesha afakwe amasha, okungcono abe eseqophelweni eliphezulu.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kokuhlinzekwa Kwamandla

Namuhla, izimboni zethule imiklamo yangaphakathi emisha nemisha emakethe emakethe fuente de ukondla njenge iyancipha ama-voltage ngamamojula we-voltage regulation (VRM), asebenza ngokuzimela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawa mamojula ayimithombo ye-DC-DC.

Uma umthwalo kagesi ungalingani, lawa ma-voltage okulawula awanyuki; izici ezithathwa njengenzuzo enkulu yama-VRM. Okuphambene ngokuvamile kunjalo kumakhompyutha anamuhla.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona nemiklamo yesimanje kumaseva ewebhu, akwazi ukufaka izinto zamandla ngesikhathi esifanayo ezinikeza umthombo oyisipele. Njengoba igama layo libonisa, ingashintshwa ngisho nalapho omunye umthombo wamandla usebenza.

Ngokufanayo, ungathola amanye amakhompyutha amasha - ikakhulukazi lawo adalwe ukuthi asetshenziswe njengamaseva - ahlinzeka ngemithombo yamandla ephindaphindiwe, okungukuthi, ikhompuyutha iqukethe ama-PSU amabili noma ngaphezulu.

Enye yalezi zinto zikagesi inesibopho sokuhlinzeka ngamandla adingekayo ekusebenzeni kwekhompyutha, kanti enye isebenza njenge-PSU ebekiwe.

Lo mthombo wokugcina wenza imisebenzi yawo ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho ukwehluleka kwenzeka engxenyeni ye-PSU eyinhloko. Kungalesi sikhathi esinembile lapho umthombo oyinhloko ungashintshwa ngesikhathi umthombo wamandla obekwe eceleni usetshenziswa.

Kuvidiyo elandelayo uzobona ukuthi ungakhuphula kanjani i-amperage yomthombo wamandla:

Izimpahla Zamandla Zangaphandle

Izinsiza zamandla ze-PC zangaphakathi, njengalezi okuxoxwe ngazo esigabeni esidlule, akuzona kuphela izinhlobo ezikhona. Ngoba singathola nolunye uhlobo lomthombo wamandla, njengalowo wangaphandle.

Phakathi kwalezi zinsiza zamandla zangaphandle kukhona ama-PSU amanye ama-consoles wegeyimu yevidiyo, axhunywe ngekhebula lamandla elitholakala phakathi kwekhonsoli nendawo yokuphuma odongeni.

Kukhona nezinye izinsiza zamandla zangaphandle ezakhelwe kuma-hard drive angaphandle. Amadiski adingekayo uma idivayisi ingakwazi ukukhipha amandla adingekayo ku-PC nge-USB.

Inzuzo enkulu yalezi zinsiza zamandla zangaphandle ukuthi zivumela ukuthi izinto zokusebenza zibe zincane futhi zithandeke ngokomzimba.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amanye amamodeli alawa mandla angaphandle afika ngamasayizi amakhulu kakhulu, okungase kusho inkinga ngesikhathi sokufakwa.

Iziqongo Zamanje

Ama-spikes amanje kanye nama-surges kuvame ukuba yimbangela evame kakhulu yokonakaliswa kukagesi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi yingxenye ethola ngokuqondile i-alternating yamanje evela kunethiwekhi yasekhaya.

Ukwengeza, uma ukufakwa kukagesi wekhaya kusesimweni esibi, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi izinhlelo zokuvikela ngokumelene nokugcwala kwamandla okunikezwa kwamandla akusebenzi ngo-100%, amathuba okulimaza izingxenye zangaphakathi ayanda.

Yingakho kuhlale kululeka ukuxhuma imishini ku-UPS noma kumvikeli okhethekile ngokumelene no-overvoltages nge-switch magneto-thermal.

Potencia

Ukuze ukhethe ukunikezwa kwamandla kwekhwalithi, amandla okuzisholo akhona kufanele athathwe njengemethrikhi. Njengoba uma sithi ukuthenga i-PSU ngamandla amancane kakhulu, ikhompuyutha cishe izovala ngokuzumayo ngokusebenzisa amandla amaningi kunalawo anganikezwa amandla.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma sikhetha ukunikezwa kwamandla okunama-watts amaningi kakhulu, lokhu kungasho ukulahlekelwa yimali. Ngakho yini engcono kithi?

Into etuseka kakhulu ukwenza isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwekhompyutha yethu. Njengoba ingxenye ngayinye idinga inani elithile lama-watts, wonke ama-watts we-elementi ngayinye alinganiselwa ndawonye futhi inani lama-watts i-PC edinga ukusebenza kahle liyatholakala.

Ngokuvamile, ngenxa yentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe nekhompyutha, inqubekelaphambili yenziwa mayelana nokusebenza kahle kwamandla futhi ama-CPU esimanje nama-GPU adla amandla amancane naphansi.

Manje, ukuze wenze isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwamandla okudingwa yi-PC yakho, ungasebenzisa isibali se-Outervision.com. Leli thuluzi likuvumela ukuthi ukhethe ukwakheka nemodeli ye-CPU ne-GPU, kanye nedrayivu yokugcina nezinye izingxenye.

Futhi ukwazi ukweqa isistimu yakho, okwenza kube lula kuwe ukusetha iwashi le-CPU, iwashi le-GPU, newashi lekhadi lezithombe, uze usethe i-voltage. Nakuba kuhlale kuhle ukuthi ufune iseluleko kuchwepheshe bekhompyutha kunokusebenzisa umshini wokubala.

Kodwa uma ukhetha isibali, uma usufake lonke ulwazi ofuna ukulifaka, ithuluzi lizokukhombisa amanani amathathu ahlukene:

• Layisha amandla
• Amandla okunikezwa kwamandla okunconyiwe
• Amandla e-PSU aphakanyisiwe.

Amandla Angeziwe

Uma usuwutholile umphumela, ungenza izinto ezimbalwa ezizokusiza ukuthi usungule i-voltage ye-PSU ongayithola kalula. Okungukuthi:

Okokuqala, kufanele uqoqe amanzi kumaki aseduze angu-50W. Isibonelo, uma une-370W kufanele uyihlanganise ifike ku-400W, ngakho-ke kufanele uthole ukunikezwa kwamandla ngalokho wattage.

Ngokusebenzisa le ndlela, ungathola ukunikezwa kwamandla okukwazi ukuletha amandla amaningi, noma ngabe uthuthukela engxenyeni enamandla kakhulu ngokuzayo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye izinhlelo zingase zingathetheleli i-50W eyengeziwe noma ngaphezulu. Isibonelo, ama-microprocessors akhiyiwe (Amaphrosesa e-Intel ngaphandle kwegama elithi "K" noma "X") awavamisile ukusetshenziswa ezimeni lapho asebenzisa amandla amaningi kunalokho okudingwa yizicaciso zawo.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, lezi zinhlobo zamaphrosesa zivame ukunciphisa isivinini esiphezulu sewashi lapho zishisa kakhulu, ezivumela ukuthi zonge amandla.

Ngenkathi kuvula ama-CPU futhi kudlule i-GPU, kuhle kakhulu ukuthi ube namandla amaningi. Uma kwenzeka ufuna ukweqa noma uma wengeza izingxenye ohlelweni lwe-overclocking, le ndlela ingaba usizo kakhulu.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-overclocking ngokuvamile idinga ukupholisa okungcono, ngakho-ke ifeni ngayinye nepompo yamanzi kuzophinde kudonse ama-watts amaningi.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ikhompuyutha ayinamandla aphelele. Imvamisa, i-PC idla ama-watts ayi-100 noma ngaphansi uma ingenzi lutho, ngakho-ke akuvamile ukuthi isebenzise ngaphezu kuka-150W uma yenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke efana nokusebenza ku-Word noma upheqa i-inthanethi.

Ukusebenza kahle kanye nesitifiketi se-80 Plus

Iqiniso liwukuthi izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi azisebenzi ngamaphesenti angu-100 ukusebenza kahle. Ukuthola ilebula ethi "80 Plus" kugesi kusho ukuthi ikalelwe izinga elithile lokusebenza kahle. Ngaphambi kokuchaza ukuthi iyini i-80 Plus Certification, kufanele sicacise igama elithi ukusebenza kahle.

Uma ukunikezwa kwamandla noma enye idivayisi ibhalwe ukuthi 80 Plus, kusho ukuthi idivayisi isebenza kahle ngamaphesenti angama-80. Okusho ukuthi, amaphesenti angama-80 wamandla okuzisholo anikezwa ohlelweni, kanti amanye amaphesenti angama-20 alahleka njengokushisa.

Ukwenza isibonelo, ake sithi ugesi, osebenza kahle ngamaphesenti angama-80 ekulayishweni kwamaphesenti ayi-100, udonsa amandla angama-500W endaweni ephuma kuyo, izokwazi kuphela ukuhlinzeka ngama-400W ekuphumeni okuphezulu.

Ngakho-ke, ukunikezwa kwamandla kufakwe kukhathalogi ngamandla angu-400W, njengoba kungamandla amakhulu akwazi ukuwahambisa kukhompyutha.

Njengoba isilinganiso samandla okunikezwa kwamandla sicabangela ukusebenza kahle, asikho isibalo esiningi esingenziwa. Ngaphandle uma unendaba kakhulu nezikweletu zikagesi.

Uma ungomunye walabo basebenzisi abagcina ikhompuyutha yabo usuku lonke, noma uma ungomunye walabo abadlala imidlalo isikhathi eside, ukunikezwa kwamandla okusebenzayo yilokho okudingayo, ngoba kungakongela imali eningi.

Umniningwane owodwa okufanele uwucabangele ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kagesi akukona umugqa, ngakho-ke kungashintsha noma kunini kuye ngomthwalo owethulayo.

80 Plus Isitifiketi

Uma ukunikezwa kwamandla kucaciswe ngelebula ye-80 Plus, kusho ukuthi kusebenza kahle okungenani ngamaphesenti angu-80 ku-115V kuyo yonke imithwalo engamaphesenti angu-20 noma ngaphezulu.

Nakuba ekuxhumekeni okungu-230V amandla kagesi adingeka ukuthi asebenze kahle ngamaphesenti angama-82 kumthwalo ongamaphesenti angama-20 no-100, futhi asebenze kahle ngamaphesenti angama-85 emithwalweni engamaphesenti angama-50.

Esinye isizathu esibonisa ukuthi kutholwe ugesi osebenza kahle kakhulu izinga lezingxenye. Ngalo mqondo, kungashiwo ukuthi ukuphakama kwekhwalithi yezingxenye ze-PSU, kusebenza kahle kakhulu, ngakho-ke ikhiqiza ukushisa okuncane.

Okusho ukuthi izakhi zamandla kagesi zivame ukuhlala isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, akudingi ukusebenzisa fan yokupholisa kakhulu.

Ezinye izinto zikagesi azidingi ukugcina ifeni ivuliwe ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi lokho kungenxa yokuthi zisebenza kahle ngokwanele. Ngenkathi eminye imithombo engasebenzi kahle ivame ukukhulisa izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwekesi.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi badla amandla amancane, behlisa isidingo somthwalo wenethiwekhi yasekhaya. Lokhu, kungasiza ekugcineni ama-spikes noma ama-surges angaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zokufunwa kakhulu.

Ukuze uqedele ulwazi oluhlinzekwe kusitifiketi se-80 Plus, sikushiyela ngezansi ividiyo lapho lesi sihloko sichazwa ngendlela elula:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wd8gNqjVciA&ab_channel=COFASA

iziqinisekiso

Kuvamile ukuthola emakethe, lapho ufuna izingxenye ze-PC yakho, imikhiqizo ngaphandle kwanoma yimuphi umehluko omkhulu kumakhasi ayo acacisiwe. Uma kwenzeka okuthile okufana nalokhu kuwe, ungakhetha kahle uhlobo nemodeli oyikhethayo. Ungaphinda ukhethe ingxenye ekunikeza okuthile okungakhangi kangako kunezici zayo: Isiqinisekiso. Njengamanje, kunemithombo yamandla eneziqinisekiso ezisukela eminyakeni emi-2 kuye kweyi-10.

Ukunikezwa kwamandla okunikeza iwaranti yeminyaka emi-2 kuphela akufanele kuthathwe kancane njengoba kusasele ngemuva kwezinye izinto ezithengiswayo. Lezo ezingacatshangelwa ngaphandle kokungabaza yilezo ezinesiqinisekiso seminyaka eyisikhombisa neshumi.

Kodwa-ke, izinto eziningi zikagesi zinewaranti yeminyaka emithathu noma emi-5 kuphela, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukuphila okusebenzisekayo kwalawa madivayisi cishe kuyiminyaka eyi-10. Kodwa iwaranti ngokuvamile ihlanganisa amaphutha okukhiqiza.

Izimpahla zamandla e-Modular

Ngemva kokubhekisela emandleni, ukusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi; I-Modularity ingesinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuthengisa zamandla kagesi. Kwabaningi i-PSU eyi-modular ilungile, kanti kwabanye into yokugcina abafuna ukuyithenga. Ngakho-ke yini eyenza izinsiza zamandla e-modular zikhetheke?

Ukunikezwa kwamandla kwe-modular kuyahluka kumandla avamile, ngoba kuvumela ukuxhuma noma ukunqamula izintambo ngokuya ngezidingo zomsebenzisi. Ngenkathi kule yakamuva, amakhebuli kagesi ahlala exhumeke unomphela ekunikezeni amandla.

Kukhona futhi amafonti e-semi-modular, okuwuhlobo lwenhlanganisela yefonti ye-modular neyomdabu. Okusho ukuthi, bashaya ibhalansi phakathi kokubili: ezinye izintambo, njengezintambo ze-motherboard ne-processor, zihlala zixhumekile unomphela; kuyilapho ezinye izintambo zingakhipheka njenge-PCIe, i-SATA ne-Molex.

Uma kukhulunywa ngokuphathwa kwekhebula, ama-PSU ajwayelekile ayinketho engcono kakhulu. Ngoba zikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise kuphela izintambo ezidingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe ikhompuyutha, okuholela ekuhlanganiseni okuncane kwekhebula ecaleni. Ngokulandelayo, lokhu kungasiza ukuthuthukisa ukugeleza komoya kanye nobuhle ngaphakathi kwekesi.

Kodwa-ke, izinsiza zamandla we-modular zinobubi, futhi lokho ukuthi izintambo ngokuvamile zinezixhumi zazo. Kakhulu kangangokuthi izintambo ezivela emigqeni ehlukene yomkhiqizo ezivela kumkhiqizi ofanayo zingase zingahambelani.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla e-modular ngokuvamile amakhulu kunamamodeli wendabuko. Kodwa zinconywa kakhulu njengoba kuzokuvumela ukuthi uhlanze ibhokisi futhi ushintshe izintambo uma kunesidingo.

Ubukhulu Bomthombo Wamandla Bubalulekile

Usayizi wokunikezwa kwamandla ungenza umthelela omkhulu, njengayo yonke enye into ngaphakathi kwekesi lekhompyutha yakho. Njengoba amanye amamodeli we-watt ephansi we-PSU angase abe nobukhulu obukhulu kwamanye amamodeli awo.

Kungaba nzima, isibonelo, ukuthola amandla emodeli ye-EVGA 1600V ukuze ingene embhoshongweni wamandla aphakathi nendawo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunzima kakhulu ukuthola ugesi we-ATX ecaleni le-ITX elincane.

Yize amanye amacala ekwazi ukusekela into encane kakhulu yefomu le-SFX, iningi lamacala amancane e-ITX aklanyelwe amandla kagesi e-ATX.

Ama-ATX PSU anikela ngezinketho eziningi ezahlukahlukene kumthengi, kuyilapho ama-SFX PSUs engenazo ezinye izindlela eziningi. Nokho, naphezu kwalokhu kufanele uqaphele lapho ukhetha idivayisi yakho.

Isibonelo, amakesi e-ITX amancane anekhono kuphela lokwamukela imithombo ngokucushwa okulinganiselwe kanye nosayizi. Ngakho-ke kunconywa kakhulu, kulolu hlobo lwamabhokisi anesikhala esilinganiselwe, ukuthola amandla emodular, nakuba lokhu kungasho ukuthi kufanele kusetshenziswe imali eningi, njengoba emba eqolo, ikakhulukazi lawo efomethi: SFX.

Bheka izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinsiza zikagesi zamakhompyutha lapha:

Ungazi kanjani ukuthi iPC yami inomthombo wamandla?

Abasebenzisi abaningi bayamangala ngazi kanjani ukuthi nginawo amandla kagesi. Futhi ngeshwa alukho uhlelo oluqondile olubonisa imodeli, uhlobo noma amandla okunikezwa kwamandla akho, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukwembula icala lekhompyutha ukuze ukwazi ukulazi.

Ukuze uqale kufanele unqamule ikhompuyutha ohlelweni lukagesi, bese kufanele ucindezele inkinobho yamandla imizuzwana eyi-10 kuya kweyi-15. Lokhu okokuvikela ukuthi ungashaqeki ngogesi noma ulimaze noma yiziphi izingxenye zangaphakathi.

Okulandelayo ukukhipha izikulufu ezibambe isembozo. Uma usususe ikhava uzokwazi ukubona ugesi, onelebula enedatha oyidingayo.

Ngale ndlela elula, uzokwazi ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi indawo yamandla eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ikhompuyutha yakho. Manje, enye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu ku-PC hardware ibangelwa yile ngxenye. Ngezinye izikhathi, banephutha futhi kwabanye, abanawo amandla anele okunika amandla zonke izingxenye ze-PC: ama-hard drive, ikhadi lehluzo, amadivaysi e-USB nabanye.

Kule vidiyo, sizochaza ukuthi ungabheka kanjani kalula futhi ngokushesha ukuthi ukunikezwa kwamandla kusesimweni esihle noma kunephutha.

Sesifinyelele esiphethweni salesi sihloko mayelana nempahla kagesi noma amandla kagesi njengoba lezi zingxenye zaziwa kakhulu. Sithemba ukuthi okuqukethwe kuyo kube wusizo kuwe, ngakho-ke sicela ukuthi wabelane ngakho nabanye abantu abathanda isihloko.

Ngokufanayo, sikumema ukuthi ufunde okunye okuthunyelwe okuhlobene nezici zobuchwepheshe, ukuze wenze kanjalo kufanele uchofoze lezi zixhumanisi kuphela:

Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwe-PC okuku-inthanethi Kuyafaneleka?

Izigqoko Zokuzivikela Zegeyimu Ukuthenga (Imibono)

Uhlelo noma Uhlelo Lokusebenza Lokufayela Emsebenzini Mahhala

Uhlelo Olubalulekile Lwesakhiwo Sezincwadi

Okungcono uhlelo lokwenza isabelomali sezinguquko