Indlela yokukhetha ikhebula lenethiwekhi. Ngabe wazi konke ngekhebula lenethiwekhi? Izintambo zenethiwekhi zidlulisa amasignali kagesi ebangeni elide futhi zihlukaniswa ngokuya nge imvamisa ephezulu ezisekelayo, ngokuya ngamazinga obuchwepheshe kanye nezici ezithile, njengekhwalithi yento esetshenzisiwe.
Lawa mazinga kumele alandelwe ngabakhiqizi, futhi ukukhiqiza izintambo zenethiwekhi kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunezintambo ezejwayelekile zethusi, njengoba lolu hlobo lwezinto kufanele lusebenze kahle kumaza aphezulu, ngaphandle kokuncishiswa kwesignali noma ukuphazamiseka kukazibuthe.
Kule nqubo yokukhiqiza, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe ekubukeni kokungcola, ama-bubbles kanye nokubanjwa kwamapheya ezintambo, isici esibalulekile somphumela owanelisayo. Kodwa,Indlela yokukhetha ikhebula lenethiwekhi elilungile yethrafikhi yedatha ngokuya ngomthetho olandelwayo we-IP? Ngabe izintambo zenethiwekhi ziyatholakala emakethe ziyahambisana nesidingo semikhiqizo emisha eyethulwe namuhla?
Hlola, kulesi sihloko, yonke into ehlobene nekhebuli yenethiwekhi: izinhlobo zekhebula ezitholakalayo, izinhlelo zazo kanye nezici okufanele kucatshangelwe ngaphambi kokuthenga imikhiqizo ukugwema ukufaka izici zekhwalithi engabazekayo.
Indlela yokukhetha ikhebula lenethiwekhi: Izigaba
Kunamazinga amaningana wekhebula lenethiwekhi emakethe, aguquka ngokuya ngemvamisa, okungukuthi, isivinini sokudlulisa yedatha esekelwa okokusebenza, kanye nekhono lokugcina ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisela uma kuba nezinkinga. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, kuncane okushiwoyo ngohlelo lokusebenza oluhle kakhulu esigabeni ngasinye kanye nezihlangu zazo, njengoba sizobona ngezansi.
Yize izintambo zesigaba 1, 2, no-4 zinganconyiwe yi-TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association) ngakho-ke azisenziwa, Izintambo ze-Model 3 zisasebenza kwengqalasizinda yocingo: kwakuyizintambo zokuqala ezimbili ezisontekile ezakhiwe futhi zinezintambo okungenani ezingama-24 ngemitha ngayinye (inani lemicu liyashintsha ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka phakathi kwezintambo zombili).
Ukuthola isigaba sekhebula, mane uhlole imininingwane ehlelwe ngaphandle. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe sichaza, ngokujwayelekile, ezinye zazo izigaba ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kumaphrojekthi: ICat5, iCat5e neCat6.
Ikhebuli yenethiwekhi yeCat5
Yilokho indinganiso endala yezintambo zenethiwekhi, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kumanethiwekhi asekhaya. Ijubane layo lokudluliswa kwedatha liphakathi kuka-10Mbps no-100Mbps, kodwa, okwamanje, ukusetshenziswa kwalolu hlobo lwekhebula kuye kwasetshenziswa. ithathelwe indawo yi-Cat5e ejwayelekile, esekela isivinini esiphezulu esifunwa ukuvela kwemishini.
Intambo yenethiwekhi ye-Cat5e
Lokhu inguqulo ethuthukisiwe yemodeli yeCat5. Ikhebuli leCat5e lenzelwe ukuxhasa i-vishesha kufika ku-1000 Mbps, ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwengqalasizinda kanye nokunciphisa ukulahleka kwesignali.
Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwenze ukuthi kube nokwenzeka ukusebenzisa izintambo ezinde, cishe eduze nomthamo ovunyelwe wamamitha angu-100. Ngakho-ke, ikhonjiswe ukufakwa kwasekhaya kanye nezinkampani.
Ikhebuli yenethiwekhi yeCat6
Kule nguqulo, izinga lokuphazamiseka liphansi, futhi kwezinye izimo, izinga lingasekela isivinini sifika ku-10 Gigabits namafrikhwensi afika ku-250 MHz.
Amanethiwekhi asekhaya mancane amathuba okuthi asebenzise amandla aphelele ale modeli yekhebula, ngakho-ke isicelo esingcono kakhulu senzeka ezindaweni lapho isamba sebanga lokumboza lekhebula likhulu kunamamitha angu-10 ukuya kwangu-55.
Uhlelo lokuhlanganisa lwekhebula yenethiwekhi ye-FTP CAT5 evikelekile esezingeni le-568B ithi iIsivumelwano sokusetshenziswa emishinini yomsindo neyevidiyo eziguqula isignali ibe yikhebula ye-CAT5.
Isigaba 6a sadalelwa ukuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwe izintambo zenethiwekhi zifinyelela kumamitha ayi-100 kumanethiwekhi we-10G, njengoba bevuma amafrikhwensi afika ku-500 MHz futhi bahlanganise izinyathelo ezinciphisa ukulahleka kwesignali nokubukeka kweziphazamiso. phakathi kontanga, okuthiwa i-crosstalk.
Esinye salezi zinyathelo kwakuwukuqhelelanisa amapheya usebenzisa i-spacer, okwandisa ukushuba kwekhebula ngo-2,3 mm (kusuka ku-5,6 mm kuya ku-7,9 mm), okunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwayo.
Kuyini ukuvikelwa kwekhebula lenethiwekhi?
Esinye isici esibalulekile lapho ukhetha ikhebula lenethiwekhi ukuvikela okwenziwe ezintweni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kuyadingeka hlola kuqala imvelo, ukuze kuhlonzwe imithombo engase ibe nokuphazamiseka ekudluliselweni kwamasignali. Lokhu kuzenza zilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza eziseduze nezinti zokudlulisa kanye namanethiwekhi kagesi.
Izintambo ezingenazinsimbi zivame ukuguquguquka kalula futhi kube lula ukuzikhipha. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, zithengeka kakhulu futhi zithandwa emakethe. Kukhona futhi amamodeli amaningana ekhebula lenethiwekhi elivikelwe, elihlukaniswa ngokohlobo lwesihlangu, njengoba kuchazwe ngezansi.
I-UTP: Ikhebula Elingavinjiwe
Phambilini lalingekho izinga lokuluka izintambo. Lokhu kwakungenxa yokuthi isidingo sokudluliswa kwaba amasignali ezwi kuphela. Leli qiniso lashintsha ngokumiswa kobuchwepheshe bokwenziwa kwezintambo zenethiwekhi.
Njengamanje, kuyadingeka ukusevisa amanethiwekhi afika ku-10.000 megabits futhi, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukudluliswa nokuvimbela ukuphazamiseka, isistimu yokubhanqa elinganiselwe isetshenziswa: isignali efanayo ithunyelwa kubhangqa ngalinye, kodwa i-polarity ihlehlisiwe.
I-FTP: Cukwazi ipheya esontekile evikelekile
Amakhebuli yilawo asebenzisa a isivikelo esilula: insimbi yensimbi encane noma i-aluminium alloy, izinto ezibandakanya wonke amakhebuli amakhebuli, okuwavikela ekuphazamisweni kwangaphandle.
I-STP: Ikhebula elisontekile elivikelekile
Kule modeli, izintambo zisebenzisa i- isivikelo ngasinye sepheya ngayinye yezintambo. Lokhu kunciphisa i-crosstalk futhi kuthuthukisa ukubekezelela ikhebula ebangeni, elingasetshenziswa ezimeni lapho izintambo ezingajwayelekile zidinga ukucishwa, ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-100.
I-SFTP: Ikhebula Elisontekile Elivikelwe Ngokugcwele
Izintambo zalolu hlobo hlanganisa ukuvikelwa ngakunye ngentambo ngayinye yezintambo enesihlangu sesibili sangaphandle, esisonga wonke ama-braids, kubenze bamelane ikakhulukazi nokuphazamiseka kwangaphandle. Ngakho-ke, izintambo ze-SFTP zifaneleka kakhulu ezindaweni ezinezehlakalo eziphezulu zokuhlanekezela.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezintambo ezivikelwe kufanele kuhlanganiswe nezixhumi ze-RJ-45 ezivikelekile, ezivikela ingxenye engavuliwe yekhebula ngaphakathi kwesixhumi.
Ungayikhetha kanjani ikhebula lenethiwekhi yekhwalithi
Ukukhetha akufanele kusekelwe ekuphakameni kwemodeli. Izintambo ezisezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu, kanye nokubiza kakhulu futhi kunzima ukuzithola. Kufanele ukhethe okufanelekile ngenhloso enzelwe yonaUma kungenjalo, okwenzeka ngezintambo ze-Cat6 kumanethiwekhi we-gigabit angu-10 kuzokwenzeka, njengoba ibanga labo eliphezulu lincishisiwe libe ngamamitha angu-55, lithathelwe indawo yi-6a ejwayelekile.
Njenganoma yiluphi uhlobo lomkhiqizo, kukhona izintambo zenethiwekhi zekhwalithi enhle, ezithobela izindinganiso ezishiwo emakethe, kanye namakhebuli asebenza ebucayini, njengoba izingxenye zawo zishintshwe umenzi ukuze kwehliswe izindleko zazo.
Ngeshwa, ngaphandle kwamamitha athile, kunzima ukukhomba izintambo ezisezingeni eliphansi. Kulokhu, kunconywa ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo ethembekile kuphela, ekhiqizwa izinkampani ezinomlando omuhle wokuthola nokuqashelwa emgqeni wabo womkhiqizo.