Ubuwazi ukuthi kukhona umlamuli phakathi kwekhompyutha yakho ne-router? Esihlokweni esilandelayo, sizochaza ukuthi yiniuyini ummeleli ? Yimiphi imisebenzi eyifezayo?
Yini ummeleli?
I-proxy server ingumxhumanisi phakathi komgcini ne-router exhunywe kwi-Intanethi. Indlela elula yokuyichaza yile elandelayo: Uma unekhompyutha futhi udinga ukusebenzisa i-Intanethi, kuqala kwenziwa isicelo kwiseva elibamba futhi ngokushesha inikezwa imvume yokwenza kanjalo.
Ikhompyutha ayikwazi ukuxhumana ngqo nomzila, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kufanele isungulwe yiseva elibamba. Sizokunikeza isibonelo ukuze usiqonde kangcono:
Ake sithi kukhona ama-LAN amathathu afuna ukuxhuma kwi-Intanethi, kodwa ngeshwa, ayikho kulezi ezixhumene ngqo ne-router. Lapho abasebenzisi abahlukile bamanethiwekhi we-LAN befuna ukwenza isicelo sokucinga i-Intanethi, kuphoqelekile ukuthi baqale ngokusebenzisa ummeleli, ozothumela isicelo ku-router; kulandelwe, lokhu kuzokwenza isicelo kwi-Intanethi.
Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngalesi sihloko, sikumema ukuthi ubuke le vidiyo elandelayo:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LMC0ZOUm4kc
Izinzuzo zeseva
Manje njengoba usuyazi ukuthi ummeleli uyini, kufanele uqonde ukuthi kunezinzuzo eziningi okudingeka ukuthi ummeleli abe ngumxhumanisi, phakathi kwazo esizokhuluma ngazo ngezansi:
- Ummeleli anganquma ukuthi ngubani ongena kunethiwekhi nokuthi ngubani ongangeni. Ngamanye amagama, abantu kuphela abagunyaze ukufinyelela abangakwenza.
- Kusinika amandla okwazi ukuthi ngubani ofuna ukungena kumzila wethu.
- Ummeleli unememori yesikhashana lapho okuseshwa kugcinwa khona. Kungaba wusizo lapho sifuna ukulayisha ikhasi ngokushesha.
- Ngabe ufuna ukuvikela izingane zakho? Ngommeleli ungenza uhlu lwama-URL ongafuni ukutholakala kuwo, ngale ndlela kuzovunyelwa ukungena.
- Singakuphika ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi kumanethiwekhi, lokhu kusho ukuthi, uma unomakhelwane osebenzisa i-inthanethi yakho, ungayiphika ngendlela elula kakhulu.
- Ngommeleli, ungaba nombiko kukho konke ukuxhumana okuzokwenziwa abasebenzisi abahlukile. Ngale ndlela, uma kukhona omunye walabo basebenzisi abebuka izinto ezingafanele, ungathola bese uphika ukuxhumeka.
- Ungaba nenethiwekhi ephephile ngenxa yesikhubekiso somlilo esimele ummeleli.
- Ukuba neseva elibamba kuzokusiza ukuqondisa kabusha ithrafikhi.
- Kunama-proxies azokusiza ukuthi uhlale ungaziwa ngenkathi upheqa, ngale ndlela ungahlala uvikeleke kakhulu.
- Ngokulondolozwa kwesikhashana amanye ama-proxies, ulwazi lwakho lwe-inthanethi luzosebenza kangcono.
- Kunama-proxies amaningi avumelana nezidingo zakho nezinhloso ofuna ukuzizuza.
- Akubizi kakhulu futhi abanye bangaze bakhululeke.
- Kukunika ukufinyelela kuzinhlobo ezithile zamawebhusayithi anqatshelwe.
Ukungalungi kweseva
Yize ummeleli enokusetshenziswa okuningi nezinto ezinhle, njenganoma yiluphi uhlelo, lokhu kungaba namaphutha noma ukungalungi. Lokhu akukwenzi kungasebenziseki, kepha noma kunjalo ngerekhodi lakho, sizokwethula ngamaphutha athile:
- Lapho umsebenzisi efuna ukuxhuma kwi-Inthanethi, okokuqala kudingeka ukuthi alungiselele ummeleli esipheqululini sakhe, noma ngenhlanhla, akudingekile ukukwenza njalo lapho efuna ukungena kwi-Intanethi, kudinga ukwenziwa kanye kuphela.
- Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, ukuxhuma kwi-Intanethi, kubalulekile ukuthi uqale ngokusebenzisa ummeleli ngaphambi komzila. Lapho lokhu sekucacile, kufanele wazi ukuthi, uma iseva iza ukuletha iphutha, inethiwekhi izobe ingaxhunyiwe ngokuphelele ku-inthanethi, okwenza kungabi lula ukusebenzisa i-Intanethi.
- Onke amaseva adinga ukunakekelwa futhi ummeleli akahlukile, ngakho-ke kuyinto ephambili ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi esithile, iyahlolwa, ivuselelwe futhi ilungiswe uma kunesidingo.
- Ikheli lakho le-IP lingatholakala kalula, likushiye ungavikelekile.
- Uba yisisulu sabaqhekeki, njengoba idatha ye-HTTP ingabetheliwe.
Uhlobo lwama-proxies
Akunandaba noma ngabe ummeleli ubesesidlangalaleni noma uyimfihlo, lokhu kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-proxies ngokuya ngomsebenzi nenjongo yawo, ngayinye ihlukile. Phakathi kwezinhlobo zommeleli ezikhona, singasho futhi sichaze okulandelayo:
Ummeleli obala
Ummeleli obonakalayo wenzeka lapho umsebenzisi enza njengoba ejwayele ukwenza lapho ethola i-Intanethi, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokulungiswa okukhethekile okudinga ukwenziwa kusiphequluli. Eqinisweni, abasebenzisi abajwayele ukubona ukuthi bayayisebenzisa, ngoba ngokuzenzakalela noma yiluphi uhlobo lokucushwa lwenziwa ngokwakhiwa kwezokuphepha.
Enye yezinzuzo zommeleli osobala ukuthi kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa, noma futhi kuhle ukwazi ukuthi isebenza kanjani nokuthi uyisebenzisa kanjani.
Ummeleli obonakalayo wenza umsebenzi wakhe nge-port 80, lapho eqondisa khona ukuxhumana okuhlukile, konke lokhu kusevisi yangaphakathi yommeleli. Kunamachweba amaningi lapho i-protocol ye-HTTP noma indlela ye- "Xhuma" ingasetshenziswa khona.
Omunye umsebenzi lolu hlobo lweseva olunalo okuthiwa "insiza yokulondolozwa kwesikhashana", esivele isendleleni ehlanganisiwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, kulula kakhulu ukugcina ibhendi, ngoba izinto ze-Intanethi ezigcinwe ngaphakathi kwememori yekhompyutha noma imemori yesibili, futhi ngesikhathi zilandwa, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokusebenzisa i-inthanethi, umsebenzisi angakwenza lapho eceliwe.
Ummeleli wewebhu
Kuyaziwa njengommeleli weWebhu onokuxhumana neseva ye-HTTP evulekele abasebenzisi, lokhu kufana nalokho okuhlinzekwa yiCyber Ghost. Uma wenza isicelo sewebhu, lolu hlobo lommeleli kuzoba yilona olutholayo futhi olucubungulayo; Uma lokho sekwenzile, kuzoshintsha lezo zicelo bese kuzithumela kumamukeli wazo.
Ummeleli weWebhu ukukunikeza ithuba lokudlulisa amehlo kwi-Intanethi ngendlela eyimfihlo enkulu, lokhu ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuthola isoftware noma uhlelo oluhlukile, awudingi ukwenza noma ikuphi ukumisa.
Okunye okungalungile okukhona ukuthi uzoba nezikhangiso ezingaguquguquki ezizovela ngokuzumayo esikrinini sakho, okuthi, ngaphezu kokucasula kakhulu, zibe yisigebengu. Amakheli amaningi we-IP avimba ukungena kulolu hlobo lwamaseva, enqaba ukufinyelela kulwazi oluqukethwe yikhasi.
Lezi zinkinga zibangelwa ukuthi usebenzisa iseva ye-HTTP, engavikelekile kakhulu futhi ubunikazi bakho abufihlekile ngokuphelele ngenxa yalokhu, yingakho ukuphepha kungenakuqinisekiswa ngenkathi uhlala uxhumekile.
Izinkinga zokuphepha, isivinini nokufinyelela kufihla iqiniso lokuthi ummeleli weWebhu ulula impela, ayinazinkinga eziningi lapho usebenzisa, noma ngabe ufuna ukuhlala uphephile, asikukhuthazi.
Ummeleli ongaziwa
Lo mmeleli ugcina ikheli lakho le-IP lifihliwe, okwenza ukuthi liphephe kakhulu kunommeleli obala. Uma ubhekabheka futhi ufaka ikhasi, kuzokwazi ukwazi ukuthi ukwenzile usebenzisa ummeleli, yize bengeke bakwazi ukwazi ukuthi ungubani ngoba ikheli lakho le-IP alibonakali, bazokwazi ukubona kuphela IP yeseva elibamba.
Ngenxa yalolu hlobo lweseva, ungagcina ubunikazi bakho bufihliwe futhi uzulazule ngaphandle kokuthi noma ubani azi ukuthi ungubani, yize lokhu kungaqinisekisi ngo-100% ukuthi othile uzokwazi ukukuthola. Ukuze kufihlwe ngisho nangokwengeziwe, kunama-proxy server angaziwa kakhulu, ngalezi, ngisho newebhusayithi ngeke ikwazi ukwazi ukuthi usebenzisa ummeleli.
Buyisela emuva ummeleli
Lolu hlobo lommeleli lwenza okuphambene nommeleli ojwayelekile. Khumbula ukuthi ummeleli ugcina ubumfihlo bomsebenzisi ophequlula i-Intanethi, kepha esimweni sommeleli obuyela emuva, akwenzayo ukuvikela iseva yeWebhu oyisebenzisayo.
Omunye wemisebenzi eyenziwa yilommeleli ukugcina idatha eku-inthanethi kwiwebhusayithi ivikelekile nge-firewall. Ummeleli obuyela emuva anganikeza futhi anqabe ukungena ezinhlotsheni ezithile zamakhasi, lokhu kuvikela ubumfihlo besiza.
Isibonelo, ngenxa yale seva, amakhasi asebhange angavikela imininingwane yawo futhi avimbele abasebenzisi ukuthi bangene ngengozi noma ngentando ngezinhloso ezimbi. Ngamanye amagama, esikhundleni sokuvikela imininingwane yomsebenzisi, lo mmeleli ufuna ukuvikela ikhasi.
Lolu hlobo luvame ukusetshenziselwa ukugcina amakhasi we-static, ngale ndlela kuqinisekisa ukuthi iseva ayilayishwa kalula.
Umehluko phakathi kweseva elibamba neseva ye-VPN
Iseva elibamba yilo elisebenza phakathi kwekhompyutha yakho ne-Intanethi, lokhu kusho ukuthi uma uxhumeke kummeleli, bonke abantu abahamba phambili bazohamba ngalo kuqala. Kungakho uma wenza ukuxhumana, kuzovela ngokushesha ngaphakathi kwalowo mmeleli.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaseva we-VPN abethela idatha ngokushesha, lokhu akufani nommeleli ongakwenzi. Omunye umehluko kungaba ukuthi iseva ye-VPN inokuxhumana okubethelwe phakathi kweseva eshiwo nekhompyutha, okusho ukuthi iphephe kakhulu kuneseva elibambayo, ngoba uma, ngokwesibonelo, isigebengu sifuna ukungena kwikhompyutha yakho, okuwukuphela kwento uzobona ukuthi kuzoba lapho kuvela khona ukuxhumana kwe-IP, ngakho-ke, yonke imisebenzi oyenzayo ku-inthanethi izohlala ifihliwe.
Ama-VPNs asinika ukubethela okuyinkimbinkimbi nokuvikelekile kune-proxy server, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi lokhu akudingekile, yize lokho kuzoya ngokuthi ufuna ukwenzani nokuthi udinga ubumfihlo obungakanani kulo msebenzi. Ungahle ukwazi ukusebenzisa iseva elibamba kuphela ezinhlotsheni ezithile zezimo.
Ukufana Phakathi Kweseva Yommeleli Neseva Ye-VPN
Okunye ukufana okukhona kulawa maseva amabili ukuthi womabili angakwazi ukusungula ukuxhumana nomzila futhi agcine umgcini owenza isicelo soxhumano lwe-Inthanethi sifihlwe.
Imvamisa lapho kusebenza kuziphequluli, ummeleli ubonakala, ngakho-ke kudingekile kuphela ukumisa isiphequluli se-Intanethi ukuze sifinyelele nge-proxy, sinikeze kuphela ikheli le-IP nembobo yommeleli.
Izimbobo zale seva
Imvamisa kuma-proxies wohlobo lwe-HTTP, inombolo ethekwini ingaba ngama-80, 443 noma ama-80 80, konke lokhu kuzoncika ohlotsheni lokucushwa okwenziwa ngaphakathi kweseva uqobo. Ukuthola inombolo ethekwini leseva elibambayo oyisebenzisayo, kufanele uqale ufake isiphequluli sakho, ngemuva kwalokho, landela imiyalo engezansi:
1- Iya kumathuluzi esiphequluli, lokhu kuvame ukutholakala kubha yemenyu ephezulu.
2- Uma usulapho, funa lapho ithi "Izinketho ze-Intanethi" bese uchofoza kuyo. Uma wenza lokhu, kuzovela iwindi elinalelo gama.
3- Thola bese uqhafaza kuthebhu ethi «Ukuxhuma». Uma lokhu sekwenziwe, kufanele uye ku- «LAN Configuration» (eyaziwa nangokuthi «Inethiwekhi yendawo yendawo», noma kungenzeki ukuthi izovela kanjena), uzothola lokhu ezansi, ngokushesha, izosikhombisa window enegama elishiwo ngaphambili.
4- Thola lapho ithi «Kuthuthukile» bese uyachofoza. Uma ufaka, yehla uye lapho kuthiwa khona "Iseva elibambayo", yilapho ungabona khona izilungiselelo zeseva elibambayo endaweni yangakini, kanye nenombolo yetheku eseduze nekheli le-IP.
Izinhlobo zeseva elibamba
Ngokuya ngomsebenzi ofuna ukuwenza, kuzoba uhlobo lwe-proxy server ozoyidinga. Ukuze ube nolwazi olungcono ngama-proxies, kufanele wazi ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukile, okuyilezi: zomphakathi nezangasese:
Amaseva Wommeleli Womphakathi
Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-proxy evulekile, yiziphakeli (njengoba igama liphakamisa) ezivulekele abasebenzisi abahlukile, abangazisebenzisa ngendlela abafisa ngayo. Lokhu kungafinyelelwa ngoba i-proxy server eyodwa iyakwazi ukuphatha ngasikhathi sinye izinkulungwane zokuxhumana okuhlukile, kodwa ngeshwa akusekelwa nhlobo.
Imvamisa, iningi lalawa maseva lingaba mahhala, kufaka phakathi ama-proxies we-HTTP, okuvame kakhulu, nama-SOCKS. Uma usesha i-Inthanethi, kunamanani amancane ama-proxies avulekile, njenge: HideMyAss.
Okubi ngalolu hlobo lweseva ukuthi lungahle lube buthakathaka ngenxa yenani elikhulu labasebenzisi abalisebenzisayo ngasikhathi sinye, ngenxa yalokho, ligcwala ngokweqile, ngakho-ke, imisebenzi yalo ikhutshaziwe; lokhu kungaba okuvame kakhulu njengoba kutholakala ku-intanethi.
Ngenxa yalokho, ukuxhumeka kwekhompyutha yakho kuzohlala kungazinzile ize iyeke ukusebenza ngokungazelelwe. Okunye ukungalungi okuphawulekayo okungacasula kakhulu ukuthi kufanele uthumele imininingwane eyimfihlo kubanikazi bamaseva okuthiwa awaziwa.
Isici esihle salesi seva ukuthi kulula kakhulu ukusisebenzisa, futhi awudingi ukuzikhokhela ngoba zitholakala kalula kwi-intanethi.
Iseva elibamba yangasese
Ngokungafani nale esishiwo ngaphambili, le seva iyimfihlo ngokuphelele, lokhu kusho ukuthi ayinakufinyelelwa yiwo wonke umuntu, uma kwenzeka uyifuna, kufanele uyikhokhele inani elincane. Ukwenza inkokhelo kuzokunikeza ilungelo lokubeka igama ne-password ukuze ukwazi ukulisebenzisa kuphela, ngaphezu kokuligcina liphephile.
Kuyashesha kakhulu kuneseva yomphakathi, okwenza ukuthi ithembeke kakhulu futhi isebenze, yingakho kungukukhetha kokuqala kwezinkampani. Ngaphandle kwensizakalo yabo, baphinde banikeze ukwesekwa nesoftware, eyenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwakho.
Okunconywe kakhulu futhi okunconyelwa kakhulu yiTorGuard neBTGuard, eneseva ebimiswe ngaphambilini; Lokhu kuyatholakala ukulanda ku-Torrent.
Ungasebenzisa nini ummeleli?
Kunezimo ezithile ezinhlayiyini lapho uzodinga ukusebenzisa ummeleli ukukusiza, lokhu kuzoncika ekusebenziseni ofuna ukukunikeza khona. Okulandelayo, sizokunikeza izimo ezithile lapho ungasebenzisa eyodwa yalezi:
firewall
Kuzoba nezimo lapho udinga ukwedlula khona i-firewall. Uma ufuna ukufaka isayithi yangasese noma ukusakaza, iseva yommeleli eyodwa ngeke yenele, yize lokhu kuzokwenzeka kuphela uma ungafuni noma ngubani azi ukuthi wenzani lapho noma ufuna ukudlulisa amafayela ayimfihlo.
Ezimweni ezinjengeNetflix, enobuchwepheshe obuvimbela ama-proxies, ngakho-ke, awavumeli lawa maseva ukuthi afinyelele ekhasini lakho.
Uhlelo lokusebenza oluphelelwe yisikhathi
Enye yezinzuzo zamaseva we-proxy ukuthi awudingi ukuthembela kwisoftware ukuyenza isebenze, kungaba lusizo uma unesistimu yokusebenza engavuselelwa.
Iseva ye-VPN inganciphisa ukuphequlula kwakho, ngenkathi amaseva we-proxy we-HTTP ephambene, ayinamphumela kukhompyutha. Ngendlela efanayo, phakathi kwamaseva we-Proxy, kukhona amanye agcina amakhophi amawebhusayithi osanda kuwavakashela, ngale ndlela unganciphisa umkhawulokudonsa wakho futhi wandise ukusebenza nokushesha kwemishini.
Sikumema ukuba ufunde enye yezindatshana zethu: Luyini uhlelo lwekhompyutha?.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yeYCDT1lEXc