Kuwo wonke lo mbhalo othakazelisayo sikukhombisa ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani yakha ikhebula lenethiwekhi igxathu negxathu ngendlela elula, esheshayo nelula?. Lezi zinhlobo zamakhebuli yizo ezithwala i-Intanethi ziye kunoma iliphi ikhona lendlu yethu noma zimane zenze ukuxhumana kube nekhwalithi engcono eyodwa.
Yakha ikhebula lenethiwekhi
Ikhebula lenethiwekhi libizwa ngokuthi ikhebula le-splice elivumela ingxenye ebonakalayo ukuthi ixhumane, engaxhuma amakhompyutha ahlukile noma enye imishini yekhompyutha. Vele singasebenzisa nobuchwepheshe be-Wi-Fi ukusungula inethiwekhi yasekhaya phakathi kwamakhompyutha, kepha uhla lwakamuva lungaba yinkinga. Uma uxhumano lwenethiwekhi ludlula nge-Ethernet, kufanele futhi sithenge amadivayisi athile esingakwazi ukuwasebenzisa. Kwibhodi lomama elifanayo ne-PC.
Singazenzela yini izintambo zethu?
Lapho sihlola izinkinga esingazithola lapho senza inethiwekhi yasekhaya nge-wi-fi, uma sikhetha ukusebenzisa uhlelo lwe-cabling ngaphezu kwe-Ethernet. Ngakho-ke into ethatha isinqumo sokonga lapho wenza lo msebenzi yenza ikhebula lethu lenethiwekhi. Sizokufeza inhloso yokwenza izindleko zakho zokuqalisa zibe phansi kakhulu. Impendulo yombuzo wokuthi singazenzela yini izintambo zethu inguyebo.
Ngalesi sizathu kule ndatshana sizofunda lonke ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze sikwazi ukuzakhela ikhebula lethu, futhi ngale ndlela ikakhulukazi ngalezi zikhathi ezinzima ibhalansi yezindleko ingalinganiselwa kancane.
Thola iphoyinti lokuxhuma
Into yokuqala okufanele ukwenze ukuthola ukuphela kwe-inthanethi noma umnikezeli wesevisi. Ikhebuli kufanele lidluliselwe ku-adaptha enethuluzi lekhebula le-WAN.
Sebenzisa imodemu ye-broadband: Imodemu ye-broadband yikhompyutha enokufaka kwe-WAN nokukhipha kwe-LAN. Izintambo ezivela endaweni enkulu yokuxhuma zizoxhunyaniswa kokufakwayo kwe-WAN, bese zizoxhunywa ku-router zisebenzisa ikhebula le-LAN.
Lungiselela i-router: Ngemuva kwalokho ikhebuli le-modem's LAN kufanele lixhunywe ethekwini le-LAN i-router elinayo, ngakho-ke i-router izoba nesibopho sokuhambisa amasiginali nezimpawu ze-WiFi phakathi kwamachweba we-LAN asele anayo. Kodwa-ke, akupheleli lapho: ngaphezu kokuxhuma izintambo, i-router kufanele futhi ilungiselelwe kahle ukuthola amasiginali we-Intanethi.
Ukuxhuma ikhebula le-router kwikhompyutha: Ngemuva kwalokho, ikhebuli yenethiwekhi enekhanda le-RJ-45 kufanele ixhunywe kusuka ku-router iye kwikhompyutha, bese i-IP ye-router kufanele isetshenziselwe ukumisa.
Izinhlobo zekhebula
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukufaka ikhebula lenethiwekhi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusungula uhlobo lwentambo yenethiwekhi esizoyidinga futhi sibe nezinto ezibalulekile namathuluzi wokuhlanganisa kanye nomfanekiso wokuxhuma ikhebula njengomhlahlandlela. Ngokuyinhloko, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuxhunywa kwekhebula, okuqondile, okubizwa nangokuthi amabhuloho, nezintambo zenethiwekhi ezibizwa ngokuthi i-reverse, ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-crossovers.
- Okokuqala, ibhuloho elifanele lisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma ikhadi lenethiwekhi lekhompyutha ku-router, switch, noma ihabhu.
- Uhlobo lwesibili, ikhebula le-crossover livame ukusetshenziselwa ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-routers ama-2, amaswishi noma ama-hubs. Le nqubo ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi yi-cascading. Ngokufanayo, lolu hlobo lwentambo kufanele lusetshenziselwe ukuxhuma ngqo amakhompyutha amabili ngekhadi lenethiwekhi nangesixhumi se-RJ45, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ama-routers, switch, noma ama-hubs.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi konke ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi okungenani ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi njalo kusungulwa ngesixhumi esibizwa nge-RJ45.
Isixhumi se-RJ45
Ngokuyinhloko, isixhumi se-RJ45 isixhumi esibonakalayo esivame ukusetshenziselwa ukunqamula amadivayisi ukwakha inethiwekhi yekhompyutha ngokusebenzisa umthetho olandelwayo we-Ethernet. Lezi zixhumi zifakwa emaphethelweni ekhebula kusetshenziswa inqubo eyaziwa njenge "Crimp" noma "Crimp". Imvamisa izintambo ezisetshenzisiwe zisezigabeni zohlobo lwe-UTP 4, 5, 5e, 6 no-6 °. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izixhumi ze-RJ45 zinezikhonkwane eziyisishiyagalombili kusixhumi ngasinye ukuhlinzeka ngoxhumano lwedatha.
Ngalezi zixhumi ze-RJ45 nezintambo ze-UTP singahlanganisa izintambo ze-crossover nezintambo eziqondile.
Ungayihlanganisa kanjani ikhebula?
Kuleli qophelo sizokwazi ukuthi siqhekeza kanjani ikhebula le-Ethernet ngohlobo olufanele lwentambo nesixhumi, futhi sizofaka nohlu lwamathuluzi adingekayo ukusebenzisa ikhebula.
Izinto ezidingekayo ukuhlanganisa ikhebula lenethiwekhi yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Ikhebuli yenethiwekhi ye-CAT 5 (ngazimbili izintambo)
- Izixhumi ezimbili ze-RJ45
- Ithuluzi le-Crimping
- Izikrini
Ngemuva kokuthenga zonke izinto ezidingekayo kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswayo, singaqala ukuphinda ikhebuli yethu yenethiwekhi.
I-Paso 1
Into yokuqala okufanele siyenze ukususa ngokucophelela izintambo, okungukuthi, ukususa ikhava ukuze sikwazi ukubona izintambo ngaphakathi. Cishe u-3 cm. Kuzokwanela. Lo msebenzi ungenziwa buthule ngesikele. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kuleli phuzu, kufanele siqaphele ukuthi singalimazi noma silimaze umqhubi wangaphakathi wekhebula.
I-Paso 2
Ngemuva kokuhlubula ucingo, sehlukanisa abaqhubi bangaphakathi ukubenza basebenze kangcono. Lapha siyabona ukuthi abaqhubi bekhebula lenethiwekhi basontekile baba ngababili. Siyaziqaqa sizelule, sizama ukugwema ukugoba nokugoba. Ngamanye amagama, i-disc iqonde, inqubo izoba lula.
I-Paso 3
Ngalesi sikhathi, sidinga uku-oda umqhubi wangaphakathi ngokuya ngohlobo lwentambo yenethiwekhi ukuthi ihlangane, okungukuthi, uma sidinga ikhebula lenethiwekhi eliqondile noma ibhuloho, noma ikhebula le-crossover, elihlehlisayo noma elenziwe ngenhla. Ukuze senze lokhu, kufanele sisebenzise itafula kulokhu okuthunyelwe bese silandela imiyalo yekhodi yombala.
I-Paso 4
Ngemuva kokunquma uhlobo lwentambo yenethiwekhi okufanele ihlanganiswe, umqhubi wangaphakathi kufanele asikwe futhi afakwe kusixhumi se-RJ45. Ukuze senze lokhu, kufanele sisike ikhebula eleqile, ngokufanele, kusele cishe u-1,5 cm kuphela. Qala emaphethelweni ejazi lekhebula. Kubalulekile futhi ukusho ukuthi bonke abaqhubi bangaphakathi bekhebula lenethiwekhi babude obufanayo ukugwema izinkinga uma zifakwa kusixhumi se-RJ45.
I-Paso 5
Ngemuva kokuphothula lo msebenzi ongenhla, sibeke izixhumi ze-RJ45 sazibeka ngazimbili, ne-pin 1 (okungukuthi, i-orange) ngakwesobunxele, isixhumi sibheke phansi nethebhu yezokuphepha ibheke phansi. Uma i-oda lilungile, faka ikhebuli ngokuqinile kusixhumi se-RJ45. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuvimbela ikhebula lenethiwekhi ekukhululekeni, indlela engcono kakhulu ukumboza ingxenye yekhebula kusixhumi. Ngale ndlela singaqiniseka ukuthi isixhumi simisiwe ngokuqinile.
I-Paso 6
Ngemuva kokuphothula ukuhlolwa ukubheka ukuthi ngabe konke kuvamile yini, okungukuthi, uma izintambo zisendaweni efanele yokuxhuma futhi uma zenze ukulungisa okuhle, sekuyisikhathi sokufaka isixhumi se-RJ45 emgodini wethuluzi lokuncibilika bese ucindezela ukusonga ikhebula. Isixhumi Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi akumele sicindezele ithuluzi ngamandla nganoma yisiphi isikhathi futhi singasebenzisi ingcindezi encane kakhulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi isixhumi se-RJ45 singalimala, ngakolunye uhlangothi singaxega futhi siqede wonke umsebenzi esisanda kuwenza. Ngemininingwane eminingi, lapho sizwa umsindo "chofoza", ukuqedwa kwesixhumi se-RJ45 kuzophothulwa.
I-Paso 7
Ekugcineni, siyaphinda le nqubo ngakolunye uhlangothi lwentambo bese sihlola ukuthi iyasebenza yini. Uma kungenjalo kungenzeka kungenxa yephutha ngokulandelana kwezintambo, noma amatheminali awaxhumani kahle nezintambo. Kulokhu kungcono ukuqala phansi.
Umdwebo wokuxhuma:
Ukufeza inhloso yokuhlanganisa izintambo zethu zenethiwekhi, sinciphise imiyalo yaba yizinhlobo ezimbili kuphela ezijwayelekile zezintambo, okungukuthi izintambo zenethiwekhi ze-crossover nezintambo zenethiwekhi ezifanele, okwenza imiyalelo izwisiseke kalula. Bheka amakhodi ombala wezintambo zenethiwekhi. Umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi kwekhebula le-crossover nekhebula eliqondile ukulandelana kwangaphakathi kwezintambo kusixhumi, ezinemibala ehlukene ngaphakathi.
Ngezansi kwalezi zintambo sizothola umdwebo wokuxhuma kanye nekhodi yombala yezinga le-EIA 568B, okungukuthi, ikhebula elifanele noma i-jumper.
Intambo yenethiwekhi ethengiwe ngentambo yenethiwekhi yezikhali
Akungabazeki ukuthi izintambo zenethiwekhi esingazihlanganisa ziyisilingo esithakazelisa kakhulu ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezomnotho, kepha abantu abaningi bayangabaza ukuthi ukusebenza kwabo nokwethembeka kwabo kungaqhathaniswa nenethiwekhi ethengwe ezitolo zamakhompiyutha. Impendulo ithi yebo, inqobo nje uma sithatha isikhathi sokuyihlanganisa, okusho ukuthi, uma sinenkinga yokuxhuma umqhubi wangaphakathi wekhebula ngokuphepha futhi wonke umsebenzi ugxilile. Lokhu kusebenza futhi kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwentambo esifuna ukuyakha.
Kufanele ube nokuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezithengiwe ngenhloso okukhulunywa ngayo. nokuthi lokhu kuyabiza kwisabelomali, okuzoba yisona esichaza isikhathi sokusebenziseka kwekhebuli eliqediwe. Uma lezi zimo ezimbili zibhekwa ngasikhathi sinye, ikhebuli lenethiwekhi esiyihlanganisayo lingasetshenziswa iminyaka eminingana, lisinikeze isevisi ethembekile.
Ukwazi okwengeziwe ngezindatshana zethu, ngikumema ukuthi uqhubeke nokufunda lesi sixhumanisi esilandelayo:Faka imisila ku-USB
Ungayishaya kanjani intambo ye-UTP?
Ikhebuli le-UTP) elingenazinsimbi liyindlela yokuxhuma esetshenziselwa ezokuxhumana ngocingo, lapho kuxhunywe khona abaqhubi bamandla kagesi ababili ukuze kuqedwe ukuphazamiseka okuvela emithonjeni yangaphandle kanye ne-crosstalk evela ezintanjeni eziseduze. Umdali walokhu kwakungu-Alexander Graham Bell.
Intambo ehlelekile
I-cabling ehlelekile iyisistimu yeklabishi ehlelwe ngaphambilini eyenzelwe ukukhula kwenethiwekhi nokulungiswa kabusha kwengqondo. Uhlelo lufaka izintambo, izixhumi zokuxhumana, izixhumi, ama-adaptha, amasistimu ephaneli ebhuloho, izinto zikagesi, njll. Izinga leklabishi elihleleke kakhulu emhlabeni lichazwa yi-EIA / TIA (Electronics / Telecommunications Industry Association) e-United States futhi icacisa ikhebula elihleliwe ngezintambo ezibhangqene.
- Okokuqala kufanele ube namathuluzi afanele okwenza umsebenzi ngendlela efanele.
- Izinto: Isixhumi se-RJ-45 (isixhumi esibhalisiwe). Intambo ye-UTP.
- Ithuluzi: Ithuluzi le-Crimping lokufika ngazimbili ezi-4 zommese wensimbi yekhebula le-UTP.
- Inqubo: Susa iziphetho ezingasafuneki noma ezingafuneki. Susa igobolondo cishe ngo-2,5 cm ukuveza lezi zithandani ezisontekile.
- Gwema ukulimaza isembozo sokubhangqa okusontekile. Hlukanisa umbhangqwana ngamunye osontekile bese uhlukanisa ubhande.
- Oda imicu ngokwezinga elikhethiwe, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kumfanekiso ongezansi.
- Ukusiza ukugcina ukuhleleka kwamazinga akhethiwe nokuhleleka kokufakwa okulandelayo kusixhumi se-RJ45, sebenzisa umhlahlandlela ofanele.
- Sika izintambo ezeqile ukuze zifakwe kusixhumi se-RJ45 bese uvumela isixhumi ukuthi sifinyelele ijakhethi engaphandle.
- Faka ikhebula kulayini uye kwesinye sezixhumi ze-RJ45, unake ukulandelana kombala nendawo yephini.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi ingxenye encane yezindlu ingaphakathi kwesixhumi.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi ukuphela kwekhebula kuthinta ukuphela kwangaphakathi kwesixhumi.
- Sebenzisa ithuluzi lokugoqa ukuhlanganisa isixhumi.
Amakhodi ombala wekhebula
Umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi kwekhebula le-crossover nekhebula eliqondile ukulandelana kwangaphakathi kwezintambo kusixhumi, ezinemibala ehlukene ngaphakathi. Ngaphansi kwalezi zintambo, sizothola umdwebo wokuxhuma kanye nekhodi yombala yezinga le-EIA 568B, okungukuthi, ikhebula elifanele noma i-jumper. Isixazululo sekhebula le-CAT 5 iqonde, iqonde noma i-jumper ngokuya nge-568B ejwayelekile:
Ikhebula le-CAT 5 eliqondile noma eliqondile (EIA 568B)
| Isixhumi # 1 | Isixhumi # 2 |
| Blanco / Naranja | Blanco / Naranja |
| Orenji / Mhlophe | Orenji / Mhlophe |
| IBlanco / Verde | IBlanco / Verde |
| Okumhlophe okwesibhakabhaka | Okumhlophe okwesibhakabhaka |
| IBlanco / Azul | IBlanco / Azul |
| Okumhlophe okuluhlaza okotshani | Okumhlophe okuluhlaza okotshani |
| IBlanco / Marrón | IBlanco / Marrón |
| Mhlophe onsundu | Mhlophe onsundu |
Qaphela: Umbala wokuqala wezintambo zombala umbala omkhulu wocingo, okusho ukuthi, ocingweni oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka / olumhlophe, luyintambo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enocingo olumhlophe, kanti olumhlophe / oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka luyintambo emhlophe enohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ucingo. Isixazululo se-CAT 5 sezintambo ze-crossover, reverse, noma crossover ezihlangabezana nezinga le-568B:
I-CAT 5 Crossover, Reverse, noma iCrossover Cable (EIA 568B)
| Isixhumi # 1 | Isixhumi # 2 |
| Blanco / Naranja | IBlanco / Verde |
| Orenji / Mhlophe | Okumhlophe okuluhlaza okotshani |
| IBlanco / Verde | Blanco / Naranja |
| Okumhlophe okwesibhakabhaka | Okumhlophe okwesibhakabhaka |
| IBlanco / Azul | IBlanco / Azul |
| Okumhlophe okuluhlaza okotshani | Orenji / Mhlophe |
| IBlanco / Marrón | IBlanco / Marrón |
| Mhlophe onsundu | Mhlophe onsundu |
Amathuluzi asetshenziselwa ukuxhumeka
Lokhu kuxhumana okuzokwakhiwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela okukhulu ngoba iningi lezinkinga zamanethiwekhi asendaweni, uma nje zingena kuhulumeni wazo, zihlobene nezinkinga zekhebula noma zokuxhuma. Uma isivinini sokudlulisa sihle, ikhwalithi ephezulu kufanele ibe sezintambo noma ezixhumi zenethiwekhi.
Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa nokwakhiwa, izintambo kufanele zihlolwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziyahlangabezana nezidingo zekhwalithi kanye nemininingwane edingekayo ekufakweni. Uma lokhu kungagcwaliseki noma izintambo zingafaneleki kufanele zenqatshwe. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwentambo nesixhumi, kuzoya ngokwakhiwa okuhle okufanayo.
Ngaphezu kwamathuluzi wokuxhuma izintambo nezixhumi, ezinye izinto ziyadingeka, yilezi:
Ukushisa macaron shrinkable:
Iyikhapa elinobukhulu nobukhulu obuhlukile. Lapho iqhutshwa ngumthombo wokushisa (i-ovini, ilangabi, umoya oshisayo, njll.), Ukuncipha kwayo kungafinyelela cishe ku-50% wosayizi wayo wokuqala, futhi kunesibopho esihle emizimbeni ezungezile. Ngemuva kokupholisa, ungqimba ligcina isimo salo esisha.
Flanges:
Ziyizinto zepulasitiki, ezingakwazi ukulungisa izintambo zodwa, noma kwikhabethe noma ukukhipha lapho kufakwa khona izintambo, ngaleyo ndlela kulungiswe indlela yekhebula nokuvimbela ukuhamba kwezintambo.
Amalebula wokukhomba:
Zakha isistimu yolwazi exhunywe kukhebuli ngayinye ukuze ihlale ikhonjwa
