Uma usondela ukubona isithombe eduze, siyashintsha bese ubona izikwele ezincane, lezi zibizwa ngokuthi "amaphikseli". Kulesi sihloko, sizochaza ngokuningiliziwe Ayini amaphikseli?
Ayini amaphikseli?
Uma usondeza amehlo akho eduze kwesikrini sethelevishini noma ikhompyutha, isithombe owawusibona sicacile futhi sicijile ukude, manje saba yizikwele ezincane, lezi zikwele zibizwa ngamaphikseli, futhi azikwazi ukubonwa ngendlela elula.
Ayini ngempela amaphikseli? Yizingxenye ezincane ezinemibala ehlukene, lezi yizona ezakha isithombe sedijithali. Ungazibona ngokucacile lapho ukhulisa isithombe noma isithombe kumqapha wekhompyutha.
Kusukela kulo mqondo ofanayo kuvela igama, elenziwe igama lesiNgisi elithi pix, okuyinkulumo evamile yesithombe (isithombe) ne-element (element). Amaphikseli yizakhi ezakha isithombe sedijithali.
Amaphikseli akhiwe ngemibala emithathu ehlukene: okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okotshani nokubomvu, kepha uma siwaxuba ngobukhulu obuhlukile, ngenxa yalokho, yonke eminye imibala, lokhu kuzosinika isithombe esisibona esikrinini. Kungenzeka uqaphele ukuthi amaphikseli, abonwe eduze, avumela ukwenziwa kwesithombe.
Umlando wayo usukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-30s lapho umqondo uqala ukusetshenziswa khona ebhayisikobho, yize futhi kuqondwa njengeseli elincane elenza uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lwesithombe sedijithali. Lo mbono waqanjwa eminyakeni yama-70 futhi wasetshenziswa kuthelevishini ngaphambi kwamakhompyutha.
Ngabe ufuna ukuthola eminye imininingwane mayelana nokuthi yini amaphikseli? Sikumema ukuba ubuke ividiyo elandelayo:
I-RGB (Okubomvu, Okuluhlaza Okotshani, Okuluhlaza Okwesibhakabhaka)
Lapho usebenza esithombeni sedijithali futhi kufanele siguqule imininingwane yezinombolo egcinwe yi-pixel ibe umbala, akumele sazi kuphela ukujula kombala, kepha futhi nokugqama nemodeli yalowo mbala. Ukufeza lokhu, sidinga ukwazi usayizi omncane wepikseli ngayinye.
Ukuthatha imibala emithathu eyisisekelo yokukhanya njengesisekelo, lena kube yiyo esivumela ukuthi siqambe imibala ehlukene yephalethi yombala, sinemiphi imiphumela yezithombe esizibonayo kumakhompyutha, kumadivayisi eselula, kumathebhulethi kagesi, kumathelevishini , phakathi kokunye, noma ngabe yimidlalo yevidiyo, amavidiyo, izinhlelo zokusebenza noma izithombe.
Uma sifuna ukuqonda ukuthi ulwazi lwephikseli lusetshenzwa kanjani, kufanele siqale sicabangele ukuqina kombala nokujula kwawo, ngalokho, kufanele sazi imodeli yombala. Ngendlela efanayo lapho umuntu esebenza khona ekuqeqesheni ubuciko bokubukwa, lapho sihlanganisa amaphikseli abomvu naluhlaza, sizothola ngenxa yalokho kuhlanganiswa, indawo yesithombe ephuzi, njalonjalo ukwakha amathoni ahlukile .
I-RGB iyimodeli, njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, isuselwa kumbala obomvu, oluhlaza okotshani noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela eyahlukene enobukhulu obuhlukile, iyona edala isithombe. I-RGB imvamisa iba nezinsimbi eziyi-8 okuvela kule mibala emithathu ehlanganisiwe.
Ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo namuhla, ingxenye enkulu yamadivayisi wekhompyutha nawedijithali, njengama-monitors, ama-scanner, amakhamera, phakathi kwezinye izinto, imvamisa isebenzisa imodeli ye-RGB ukumela izithombe.
Isinqumo
Ngokuya ngesikrini lapho isithombe sibukwa khona, sizoba nokuxazululwa okungcono, okungukuthi, ngokuya ngencazelo yesikrini, inani lamaphikseli lizoba likhulu.
Ake sithi ngokwesibonelo unethelevishini ye-HD, ububanzi bayo bungu-1920 kanti ubude buyi-1080; Uma uphindaphinda lezi izinombolo, umphumela uzoba inani lamaphikseli akhona, kulokhu angaba: 2.073.600. Ngaphandle kwalokho, uma i-TV ibinobude nobubanzi obufushane, inani lamaphikseli belizokwehla.
Onke amaphikseli ayisikwele noma angunxande, futhi ukuhlanganiswa kwawo kombala okungenamkhawulo akupheli, futhi sekuthuthuke kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezithombe zedijithali zakuqala ezazintula iqiniso nobushelelezi.
Izinhlelo zokusebenzisa imibala
I-bitmap iyona yakudala kakhulu kulezi ezimbili ezikhona, ngoba ivuma kuphela ukwehluka okuphelele kwemibala engama-256, iphikseli ngayinye ene-byte eyodwa, lokhu kufaka kuphela amaphikseli afakwe ngekhodi ngeqembu lamabhithi wobude obunqunyiwe, Ukufakwa kwe-pixels kuzonquma inani lokuhluka kombala isithombe esingasikhombisa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izithombe zombala weqiniso zinama-byte amathathu ngephikseli ngayinye, iphindaphindeka kathathu imiphumela yokwehlukahluka okungenzeka, kudlula izinketho zombala eziyizigidi eziyi-16, okunika isithombe okungokoqobo okukhulu.
Ukuguqulwa kwedatha yezinombolo egcinwe ku-pixel ibe umbala kudinga ukwazi ukujula nokugqama, kepha futhi nemodeli yombala ezosetshenziswa, imodeli ejwayelekile kakhulu, esivele ishiwo ngenhla, yi-RGB (Red-Green-Blue) edala imibala evela ekuhlanganisweni kokubomvu, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kubhekwe okuchazwe ngaphambilini, ukuthi sibhekene nenkulumo ethize ebizwa ngephikseli efile, kuyo singafaka wonke lawo mapikseli angasebenzi kahle noma njengoba kufanele lapho, ngokwesibonelo, a isikrini sohlobo lwe-LCD.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba khona kwe-okuthiwa yi-pixel ebambekile akunakulibaleka, okubonakala ngokuba nombala oqinile, kungaba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma oluhlaza okotshani, futhi kufanele futhi sikhumbule iphikseli eshisayo, leyo pixel emhlophe esihlala siyithola .
Amaphikseli adlala indima ebalulekile emhlabeni wezithombe esingeke sikwazi ukuziba, kuze kube sezingeni lokuthi kudalwe uhlobo olusha lobuciko, olukhishwa ngaphansi kwegama lePixel Art. Lokhu, esingakubiza njenge isiyalo, siqukethe ukuhlelwa kwezithombe kusuka kwikhompyutha, kusetshenziswa uchungechunge lwezinhlelo ezithile zekhompyutha.
Ngaphandle kwalesi siyalo singathola izinto ezimbili ezibalulekile: enye etholwa ngayo imiphumela emithathu, okuyisitayela se-isometric, kanti enye ikhonjwa ngokuba yiyo yonke into engalingani esigabeni esedlule, okungukuthi- isitayela.
Uhlobo lwezithombe ezithintwe yi-pixelation
Noma ngabe kunemifanekiso eyenziwe ngamaphikseli ngamabomu, lo mphumela ungaba mubi esimweni sezithombe eziningana, ngoba noma ngabe zikhona, isithombe sedijithali besingeke sibe khona, senzelwe ukusakha, ukuze singaveli noma sibonwe kuzo, ngaphandle uma zifunwa.
Noma kunjalo, lo mphumela uzothinta kuphela lapho kukhuliswa izithombe zethu ezikwimidwebo yemidwebo yohlobo lwe-bitmap, ngamanye amagama, izothinta zonke lezo zithombe eziku-BMP, TIFF, JPEG, PNG, nakwezinye.
Ukwazi lokhu singacacisa ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezithombe, eyodwa eshiwo ngenhla, yohlobo lwe-bitmap, eyaziwa nangokuthi iRaster noma uhlobo lwevektha, ehlukile komunye nomunye ngoba izithombe ze-bitmap zingagcina imininingwane yombala we-pixel ngayinye, zinqume kulokhu indlela ikhwalithi yokugcina yesithombe.
Lolu hlobo lwesithombe lukhawulelwe yizinto ezingenakulungiswa ngaphandle kwekhwalithi yokudela, njengokuphakama, ububanzi, ukujula kombala nokuxazululwa, wonke lawa mavelu agxilile acacisa ukuthi isithombe asikwazi ukukhuliswa kunoma yisiphi isinqumo. , ikhwalithi yokudela.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ihluzo zohlobo lwevektha zimelela isithombe sisebenzisa izinto zejometri, njengamajika eBézier nama-polygon, futhi zingakhuliswa ngaphandle kokuhlangabezana nemikhawulo ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu lemininingwane.
Ngokulandelayo, ngenxa yalezi zizathu, endaweni yokwakhiwa kwezithombe nokuphrinta, ifomethi yesithombe sevector ihlale ikhethwa uma kuyimivimbo noma amafonti azophrintwa kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-gigantography technique, ngoba, njengoba kuchaziwe ngaphambili, kungakhuliswa izikhathi ezingamakhulu ngaphandle kokuhlanekezelwa.
Okufanayo akwenzeki lapho sizama ukuphrinta izithombe nge-bitmap futhi sifuna ukuthi zibe zinkulu, ngoba ngale ndlela isithombe sithi kufanele silungiselelwe ngokukhethekile, futhi siphathwe ngendlela yokuthi sikwazi ukuthola isinqumo esiphezulu, iqiniso elizokwenza sivumele ukuthi sikwazi ukuyiphrinta. ngosayizi omkhulu.
Sikumema ukuba ufunde enye yezindatshana zethu ezithokozisayo: Ulwazi lokusekelayo.