Yini iMicrosoft? umbuzo esizowuphendula kule ndatshana ohlobene nenkampani enkulu kunazo zonke ekhona emhlabeni yokwenza isoftware yekhompyutha. Ungaphuthelwa le ndatshana.
Yini iMicrosoft?
Yinkampani eyazalwa eminyakeni eyishumi yama-70s. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yaba yinkampani ehamba phambili ekwakhiweni kwezinhlelo zemishini yekhompyutha nakho konke okuphathelene nekhompyutha. Njengamanje inezintambo zamasu.
Lapho bengenzi izibuyekezo kuphela kuhlelo lweHhovisi neWindows. Iphinde yenza izenzo ezahlukahlukene ezihlobene nokweluleka ngokwakhiwa kwezinye izindlela ze-IT. Imikhiqizo yakwaMicrosoft ngomkhiqizo wayo weWindows ihola imakethe ehlobene nesoftware yemishini yekhompyutha.
Ngokunjalo, zigcina ukuthuthuka nokuthuthuka kwezinhlelo ezihlobene nokusebenza okuhlukahlukene okuhlobene nemisebenzi yehhovisi. Futhi ingenye esetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni. Uhlelo lwe-Microsoft Office lusebenze njengesethenjwa sokwakhiwa kwezinye izinhlelo zekhompyutha.
Kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukusebenzisa izinhlelo ezihlobene nokubalwa kwezimali, ezezimali kanye nezinqubo zesayensi. Lapho othile ebuza ukuthi Yini iMicrosoft? Impendulo ayihloselwe ukusho ukuthi yinkampani nje yokuthuthukisa isoftware. Kepha i-Consortium enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni emhlabeni.
Umsuka nokuziphendukela kwemvelo
Le nkampani yasungulwa ngo-Ephreli 1975 nguBill Gates noPaul Allen edolobheni lase-Albuquerque, eNew Mexico, e-United States, bobabili babengabafundi baseyunivesithi. ukuthi njengoba behlangane bebeshintshana ngemibono ehlobene nobuchwepheshe.
Ukuqala
Bahlangane eHarvard University lapho babelana khona imibono ezifundweni zesayensi yamakhompyutha. Bobabili babenombono ofanayo: Dala izinhlelo zekhompyutha ezinganika amandla ikhompyutha ye-PDP 10. Kuze kube manje ibingenye yezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu futhi eyenziwe yi-DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation).
Ngawo-60 kwakunomthamo ophansi kakhulu wamakhompyutha emhlabeni. Uma kuqhathaniswa nalezo ezikhona namuhla. Abasetshenziswa kakhulu futhi abanemikhawulo kwakuyi-IBM 360, babengamaqembu amakhulu ngokwedlulele. Kepha basebenze njengesethenjwa sabafundi besayensi yamakhompyutha. UBill ukwazile ukuxhumana neqembu elinjalo. Ngakho waqala ukumazi ngisho nangaphezu kothisha bakhe.
UPaul Allen naye wafunda esikoleni esifanayo, naye owadonsela ukunaka kukho konke okuphathelene nekhompyutha nobuchwepheshe. Bobabili babelana ngesipiliyoni sabafundi futhi babenezindlela zokubambisana zokubheka ukuqaliswa kohlelo olunganikeza amaqembu imiphumela engcono.
Ukudalwa kwenkampani
Ngo-1975 bobabili abafundi bashiya phansi izifundo zabo bazinikela ekuthuthukiseni lokho abaphupha ngakho bobabili. Ukwakha ngaleso sikhathi iMicrosoft, ekuqaleni kwayo okwakubizwa nge- "Micro-soft", okwakuyisifinyezo se- "Microcomputer Software". Le nkampani yasungulwa ngenhloso yokuthengisa uhlelo olubizwa nge-BASIC (i-Startner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code), olususelwa kuhlelo lweFortan, olwalungenye yezinhlelo ezazisetshenziswa ngamakhompyutha ngaleso sikhathi.
Uhlelo beluhlobo lwangempela lolimi lohlelo olufuna ukuhlehlisa izinqubo kumakhompyutha. Futhi kuthiwa lo mqondo wazalwa lapho bobabili befunda i-athikili yesayensi yamakhompiyutha lapho aphakamisa khona ukwakhiwa kwekhithi yomuntu siqu yekhompyutha. Kuthathwa njengokuphelele kakhulu okubizwa nge-Altair 8800. I-athikili ibivele kumagazini odumile we-Electronics.
Amakhasimende okuqala
Okunye ukuthengisa kokuqala kweMicrosoft kwenziwa nguBill Gates ngemuva kokuba uhlelo selulungile, enkampanini yonjiniyela wesoftware ebizwa (MITS) “Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems. Le nkampani yayingumkhiqizi wama-processor we-Altair. UBill Gates ukwazile ukwenza uhhafu wenzuzo ngokuthengisa okokusebenza ngohlelo lweBASIC olufakiwe.
Eminyakeni ethile kamuva iMicrosoft yathenga ilayisense ye-BASIC ukuze ikwazi ukuyinikeza abanye abakhiqizi bamakhompyutha. Ngemuva kwalokho yandisa umkhiqizo wayo ezinkampanini ze-Apple Computer, Commodore kanye neTandy Corporation. Lezi zinkampani empeleni kwakungamakhasimende e-Microsoft okuqala asebenzayo.
Ngo-1977, ngemuva kweminyaka emibili isunguliwe, iMicrosoft ithengisa umkhiqizo wayo obizwa ngeMicrosoft fortran ezinkampanini ezahlukahlukene. Ku-1979 uBill noPaul banquma ukuhambisa amahhovisi eMicrosoft ayise eBellevue esifundazweni saseWashington. Ukuthengisa kuqhubekile ngaphandle kwezinkinga futhi umhlaba wekhompyutha uthatha izinyathelo zawo zokuqala.
Ngo-1980 benza ukwenziwa kohlelo lokusebenza olubizwa nge-MS DOS, olwavumela ukusungula izindlela ezithile ezisiza izinhlangano eziningi ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukahlukene. Ngalolu hlelo babethola amakhasimende abathi kancane kancane baba yisethenjwa sokukhula. Ngama-90s badala uhlelo lokuqala lwekhompyutha olubizwa nge- «Windows.
Ngokusekelwe ohlelweni lwe-MS DOS. IWindows ivunyelwe ukuvula inkambu yezinhlelo zokusebenza emhlabeni jikelele. Futhi ukusiza lokho ezinhlelweni nasezinkampanini ezihlobene nekhompyutha kuzoqala ukukhula ngezinga elihehayo. Kanye neWindows, kwavela nohlelo lweHhovisi.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IqsSaZvJgng
Okufanayo kuza nohlelo lokusebenza futhi kwavumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babe namathuluzi okulungisa amadokhumende namatafula wokubala aseduze.Izinzuzo beziyilungele kakhulu inkampani, inabasebenzi babasebenzi bonjiniyela bezobuchwepheshe abafuna ukusungula ngemibono emisha. Ngo-1986 bathuthela eRedmond, esifundazweni esifanayo saseWashington.
Ukukhula
Ukukhula kweMicrosoft akugcinanga ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware nezinhlelo, kuphinde kwaba nengxenye ekwakheni izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zehadiwe. Lapho ekwazile ukusungula amasistimu okuphela kwamakhemikhali njengamakhibhodi namagundane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nawo azoguqula imakethe yamakhompyutha.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, singazibuza ngempela: Iyini iMicrosoft futhi yenzelwe ini? futhi njengempendulo sinokuthi uhlelo oluyisisekelo lokwakha imibhalo nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zombhalo. Kukhona nezinye izinhlelo ezifana ne-Excel, Power Point. abamemezeli phakathi kwabanye.
IMicrosoft yinkampani eyenza onjiniyela bezinhlelo zemidlalo yevidiyo njengokwakhiwa kwakamuva okubizwa ngeXBOX neSurface. Lezi zamukelwe kahle kakhulu emakethe.
Iyini impumelelo yakho?
Ukudala nokuphikelela amathuluzi amabili enziwa yiMicrosoft ukukhulisa isithombe sayo emhlabeni jikelele. Imikhiqizo yayo emibili ehamba phambili iHhovisi neWindows bayivumele ukuthi izibeke ezimakethe zesoftware zomhlaba. Lapho ukuthengisa kungama-multimillion dollar.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, inkampani ibilokhu inombango; lapho ezinye izinkampani zizamile ukubeka imikhiqizo efana neMicrosoft emakethe. Inkomba eyinhloko yokuphumelela kweMicrosoft nayo imelwe ubuholi bokuphatha bomsunguli wayo uBill Gates.
Ngubani kusukela ekuqaleni ogcine umugqa wokusebenza. Okungasuki ezinhlosweni zayo eziyinhloko, eziphakanyiswe kusukela ekuqaleni. Ngakho namhlanje iMicrosoft yenze ubudlelwano nezitha zokuhweba. Ukweluleka nokubamba iqhaza kumaphrojekthi wokuthuthukisa izinhlelo ukuze kukhule ngokubambisana. Ngaphandle kwezimfuno elizitholile, inkampani iphoqeleke ukuthi iyeke izindawo zokumaketha nezentengiso ukukhawulela ukuzimela.
Ukuthuthukiswa nokukhohlisa
Sihlala sithola ngokungazinzi kwabantu abaningi abazibuza ukuthi iyini iMicrosoft?. Le nkampani iphumelele emakethe yamakhompiyutha yomhlaba kepha iphinde yadlula ezinkingeni ezahlukahlukene zezomthetho. Ikakhulukazi e-United States. Kusukela yasungulwa, inkampani ibibhekiwe futhi yabuzwa imibuzo ngongqongqoshe nabameli. Labo abafuna ukuxhunyaniswa nodaba lobukhosi.
IMicrosoft ayiyona nje inkampani ye-IT yokukhula. Iphinde imele ukuqeqeshwa kwezentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe okunikeza ukubaluleka kwezinye izinkampani. Lezi zenzo kudingeke ukuthi zibhekwe yinkampani ngenxa yezenzo ezahlukahlukene zomthetho lapho ithunyelwe khona.
Nanamuhla le nkampani isolwa hhayi kuphela ngokulawula imakethe yesoftware. Kepha usolwa nangokwenza imisebenzi esolisayo engabaza ubuhlakani bakhe. Maphakathi no-2000 ukumangalelwa okwenziwa ngabaphathi bezomthetho e-United States kwabizwa ngokuthi "yi-Abusive Monopoly".
Isigungu sokwahlulela sisola iMicrosoft ngokulawula imakethe yomkhiqizo wekhompyutha. Lokhu kuholele ekuthathweni kwesinqumo lapho inkampani bekufanele ihlukanise imikhiqizo yayo nezinye izinkampani ukuze isatshalaliswe ngaphansi kwelinye igama emakethe yaseNyakatho Melika.
Kodwa-ke, akugcinanga lapho. Ngo-2004 i-European Union yathatha izinyathelo zomthetho isola iMicrosoft ngokuba yinhlangano eyayenza "Ukuhlukunyezwa Okuyinhloko". I-European Union ibheke ukuthi imikhiqizo ye-Windows inciphisa isikhala kwezinye izinkampani.
Ugwebe inkampani ukuthi ikhiphe izinhlobo ezikhethekile zeMikhiqizo yeWindows XP kufanele ihlobene nezidingo zabasebenzisi baseYurophu. Lezi zinguqulo zeWindows bekufanele zenziwe ngokulinganiselwa okuthile.
Icala lalicabanga ukuthi isoftware akufanele ibe nezinhlelo eziningi ezihlanganisiwe njengesidlali seMedia, futhi ifake neHhovisi. Ukuze ezinye izinkampani zikwazi ukumaketha imikhiqizo yazo nabasebenzisi bayifinyelele ngokufakwa okulandelayo. Lokhu-ke kushiye iMicrosoft inenketho yokuthengisa izinhlobo ezilinganiselwe zeWindows XP Home Edition N neWindows XP Professional N.
Indlunkulu ikuphi
Njengamanje le nkampani inezinkulungwane zamagatsha emhlabeni wonke, inekomkhulu layo edolobheni laseRedmond, esifundazweni saseWashington. Itholakala cishe ngamakhilomitha angama-30 ukusuka eSeattle, okuyidolobha lakubo iBill Gates. Kepha abantu basazibuza nanamuhla, Yini iMicrosoft? Ake sibheke okulandelayo ukuphendula lo mbuzo futhi.
Le nkampani inesakhiwo lapho kunezakhiwo zamahhovisi ezicishe zibe yikhulu nezikanokusho. Cishe abantu abangama-100 basebenza lapho, kuyinkimbinkimbi enkulu kakhulu yebhizinisi, Inezinsiza eziningi ezifana nezindawo zokudlela, izitolo nezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene. Futhi inemikhumbi yayo yokuhamba emoyeni nasemhlabeni evumela abasebenzi ukuthi baye ezindaweni zabo zokusebenza ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Uma ufuna ukwazi izihloko eziningi ezihlobene nalezo ezichazwe kule ndatshana. Ngikumema ukuba uchofoze kulezi zixhumanisi ezilandelayo:
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