Kun san abin da iyalai font? A cikin labarin mai zuwa za mu ba ku cikakken bayani game da duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da wannan.Kada ku rasa wannan damar!
Iyalan Rubutu
Wannan wani muhimmin abu ne don ƙira, buga rubutu yana da ƙarfi kamar launi, yana iya aika saƙonni daban -daban kawai ta hanyar canza nau'in font, yana iya zama wanda ke sa mahallin ya bambanta kuma yana ba da abubuwan jin daɗi da yawa ga mai karatu.
Ta hanyar haruffa za mu iya yin mu'amala da amfani da harshe, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake ɗaukar dangin font da mahimmanci a fagen ƙirar hoto. Tun da alamun haruffa sun bambanta halaye, wannan ya taimaki ɗan adam don sadarwa har ma fiye da haka lokacin da fasaha ta ci gaba.
Iyalan haruffan ba kawai haruffa ne masu girma dabam da sifofi daban -daban ba, waɗancan halaye daban -daban a cikin kowannensu yana taimaka mana mu fahimci saƙo na gaskiya da suke son bayarwa, misali a sarari shine lokacin da muke tunanin nau'in "mai ban dariya" wanda ke nuna mana nishaɗi da da wasa ko kuma idan muka kalli "ALGERIAN", wani lokaci a Tsakiyar Tsakiya ya zo cikin tunani.
Tarihin rubutu
Don ƙara mai da hankali kan maudu'in dangin rubutu, za mu fara da ɗan gajeren bita na tarihi wanda zai ba mu dalilin da yasa rubutun ya zama mai mahimmanci; Wannan yana komawa zuwa lokacin da aka sami ikon ƙirƙirar takarda, wanda aka samu a tsakiyar ƙarni na XNUMX lokacin da Johannes Gutenberg ya ƙirƙiri injin "nau'in", wanda aka yi niyyar buga haruffa.
Wannan dabarar ta ba da farkon buga Littafi Mai-Tsarki mai layi 42 wanda ya ɗauki tsawon rabin ƙarni, ƙirar Johannes ta yi babban tasiri kuma hanyar da aka sani da "hanyar Gutenberg" ta zama sananne a duk Turai.
Wannan hanyar ta isa Italiya inda nan da nan ta sami ƙarfi kuma an kafa babban injin buga littattafai na lokacin a can. Anan ne aka yi amfani da nau'in motsi wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa ta ɗan adam kuma Carolingian calligraphy, wanda ya haifar da abin da muka sani a matsayin rubutun Roman.
Wannan ya sauƙaƙe farkon ƙirƙirar sabbin abubuwan daidaitawa zuwa wucewar lokaci da zamanin masana'antu, nau'ikan sun bi manyan sunaye kamar: Aldo Manuzio, mai wahalar bugawa Aldina a Venice, kuma ta haka ne haihuwar italics na farko don bugu na su da Claude Garamond, wanda ke ɗauke da rubutu da sunan sa.
A cikin karni na XNUMX wani muhimmin bidi'a a duniyar rubutu ya fito daga William Caslon kuma shine nau'in Sans Serif. Sun daɗe ba a lura da su ba saboda saukin su amma kaɗan kaɗan suka yi tafiya har zuwa yau.
Babban abin burgewa shine na Appel Macintosh, wannan tsarin aiki ya baiwa mai amfani da shi damar yin amfani da haruffa daban -daban, yana ba shi zaɓin da ya dace. Juyin Juya Halin Dijital ya kawo rubutu zuwa mafi girman sa.
Idan kuna son samun ƙarin bayani mai yawa game da dangin rubutu, muna gayyatar ku don kallon bidiyon da ke ƙasa, ta wannan hanyar, za a fayyace duk wasu tambayoyi:
Sassan wasika
Kalmar "Harafi" ta samo asali ne daga yaren Latin, ana amfani da ita don nuna alamomin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin rubutaccen harshe, a layi ɗaya da shi a cikin dangin rubutu daga Latin da Helenanci suna magana akan yanayin ƙima wanda ke bayyana haruffa. Haruffan sun ƙunshi sassa daban -daban waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don iya tantance bambance -bambancen da ke cikinsu.
Hawan
Bambanci tsakanin manya da ƙananan haruffa. Don manyan haruffan haruffa, girman yana daga tushe na haruffa zuwa babba iri ɗaya, don haka ƙirƙirar manyan haruffa, da ɗaukar tsayin "x" a matsayin abin tunani, ƙananan haruffa suna girma ba tare da ɗauka ba a cikin lissafin tsuguno masu saukowa da saukowa.
Asta
Shine abin da ke siffa sifar harafin, shine babban kuma abin yabawa sosai ga idon tsirara, akwai ramuka masu hawa da saukowa da ke fitowa sama da ƙasa da "tsawo x" bi da bi, madaidaicin madaidaici ko tsinkaye ana gani azaman Babban layi , kashin baya ko igiyar ruwa yana ba da alamar lanƙwasa ga wasu haruffa, mashaya ko jujjuyawar an daidaita su a kwance.
Ring
Wadanda ke kewaye da sararin samaniya a cikin haruffan, wanda kuma ake kira ko rufaffiyar lankwasa. A cikin su za ku iya ganin "farin ciki" na zama wani ɓangaren haruffan, wanda ban da kasancewa cikin zoben shima eyelets ne ke ɗauke da su.
Buttonhole
Ƙirƙiri ta ƙara, mai lanƙwasa da rufaffiyar faɗaɗa, wanda kuma ake kira madauki, idan an buɗe ana ɗaukarsa "wutsiya", wanda ake gani a matsayin mai lanƙwasa ko mai lanƙwasa antlers gabaɗaya yana ƙaruwa a ƙarƙashin haruffa, ban da haka akwai ƙananan tsinkayen tsinkaye da aka yi la'akari da su ”.
Hannu
Ana gani azaman tsinkayen tsinkaye a sarari ko a cikin alkibla ta sama waɗanda basa cikin iyakokin halayen. An ba da iyakar ta wani muhimmin sashi da aka sani da "jiki", tunda yana bayyana girman harafin al'ada zuwa bugun iri ɗaya.
Amfani
Mafi yawan kayan ado, wani ɓangare ne na ƙarshen ko ƙarshen hannu, jela ko sanda, ba lallai bane a tantance harafi, saboda haka ba duk haruffa suke da su ba. Ba kamar “ginshiƙai” ba, waɗanda sune tsinkayar layin, gano ma'anar waje ɗaya.
Cartouche
Wannan ɓangaren harafin, gami da tsattsauran ra'ayi, tsaka -tsaki ne, wanda kuma yana aiki don haɗa kan sanda da ƙarewa, kasancewa madaidaiciya ko lanƙwasa. Kazalika wani sashi na tashar da za a iya ƙarawa a cikin zobe ko wasu tsutsotsi shine "kunne".
Nufa
Wani muhimmin sashi na salo na rubutu gabaɗaya, ana bayar da shi ta matakin ƙin kusurwar da aka ɗauka azaman ma'anar axis ga kowane harafin, yawanci a tsaye yake. Koyaushe yana goyan bayan “tushen”, saboda suna ayyana tsayin.
Ta yaya ake rarrabe iyalai iri?
Siffofin zane ne waɗanda ke da sifofi na ado iri ɗaya. Waɗannan iyalai ana ɗaukar su dangi duk da kamanceceniya da juna, wasu suna da bambance -bambancen yabo fiye da sauran.
Godiya ga injin bugawa kuma daga baya zuwa ƙirar kwamfuta, samfura daban -daban sun taso daga inda aka samo asali na yanzu. Yana da ƙima don ƙididdige ƙira da ƙira da aka ƙirƙira a cikin ƙarni da suka gabata, don tunawa da waɗannan iyalai masu rubutu.
Ana ba da rarrabuwa na waɗannan iyalai ko tushe ta halayen da aka tattara ta hanyar da za mu iya haɗa su, saboda akwai hanyoyi daban -daban na haɗa su, matakan da galibi ana la'akari da su shine asalin su, lokacin da suke da su, ko godiya mai kyau. Haskaka mahimmancin kowane nau'in rubutu don haifar da ji a cikin abubuwan da masu zanen kaya ke amfani da su.
Rarraba ATypI
Canza don amfani da masu canjin tarihi, kasancewar Humana, Garalda, Real da Didona iyalai a matsayin "nau'ikan mutane", a matsayin "zamani na zamani" Futura, dangin Masar da na Mecano, na ƙarshe a cikin karni na XNUMX, kuma suna ƙarewa da "karni na XNUMX" Iyalan Gargajiya da Tsararru, kasancewa kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin karni na ashirin.
A lokaci guda, rarrabuwa na ATypI, wanda aka daidaita tare da sunan DIN 16518, ƙungiya ta irin waɗannan fasalulluka yana sanya rarrabuwa cikin: "Roman" gami da Tsohuwa, Canji, Na zamani, Makka da ƙira, "Dry stick" Linear in modulation and Grotesque, " Harafi "Calligraphic, Informal Gothic and Italic, kuma a ƙarshe" Adon "Fantasy da Epoch.
Roman
Maɓuɓɓugar ruwa tare da salo a cikin ƙarni na XNUMX, inda ake lura da layuka da lanƙwasa a cikin adawa, kasancewar rubutun hannu ne, kammalawa dole ne ya tafi daidai da kusurwoyin da za a iya yin siffa a dutse, rubutun yana da tsari kuma daidai. Raba zuwa ƙungiyoyi guda biyar:
- Antigua ko Garaldas: Waɗannan su ne tushen asalin Faransanci, wanda aka kirkira a cikin ƙarni na goma sha bakwai, tare da shaft da saman da ke nuna ƙarancin haske, duk waɗannan sun fito da layuka masu kauri daban -daban. Waɗannan haruffan sun haɗa da Garamond, Century Oldstyle, da Times New Roman.
- Na Sauyi: bayyana kamar yadda sunansa ke nuna juyawa daga tsoffin salon Rumawa zuwa Rumunan zamani, wanda ke bayyana tsakanin ƙarni na goma sha bakwai da goma sha takwas, yana ba concavity ga doki da finials waɗanda ba su da kusurwa uku, kamar misalai sune tushen Caledonia da Baskerville.
- Na zamani: Yin amfani da sabbin kayan aikin bugawa da aka haɓaka a ƙarni na 20, godiya ga Didot wanda ya ƙirƙira su, mafi kyawun salon yana ba da damar godiya ga waɗannan fonts ɗin a cikin sassan rubutu na ci gaba, a matsayin misali muna da Firmin Didot da N ° XNUMX na zamani.
- Makka: Kasancewa tare saboda ginshiƙan da aka samo a cikin wannan tushen, ba shi da daidaituwa da bambanci kamar sauran waɗanda ke cikin danginsa, don haka ana iya la'akari da shi tare da takamaiman misali, manyan misalai kamar Stymie da Lubalin.
- Ƙunƙasa: Mai kama da harafin "Mecano", waɗannan ƙungiyoyi ne ban da sauran na Rumunan, kasancewa babban fasalin amfani da layin karatu na hasashe, tun da kugunsu suna da kauri mai kauri, har ma suna kallon ido tsirara ba tare da yin cikakken bayani ba. tushen "Palo seco", daga cikin tushen sa akwai Baltra da Alinea.
Bushewar sanda
Samun banbanci tsakanin salo na Girkanci da Finikiyya na manyan haruffa, kuma a gefe guda ƙaramin, madaidaiciya da haɗin haruffan ƙaramin harafi, yana hangen ainihin zamanin masana'antar da aka ƙirƙira shi, an rarrabasu zuwa:
- Layi ba tare da daidaitawa ba: kasancewa ɗaya, geometric a cikin kauri da salon bugun jini, yana da nau'ikan haruffan da aka samo, galibi ba a yaba shi sosai a cikin rubutun rubutu, kamar Futura, Helvetica da Avant Garde.
- Grotesque: sabanin na baya idan aka yaba shi sosai a cikin rubutu mai gudana, mafi dacewa shine Gill Sans.
An yiwa lakabi
Ƙawataccen salon laƙabi yana nuna kiran marubutan da suka tsara su. Manyan ƙungiyoyinta guda 3 sune: "Calligraphic" wanda ya dogara da hannun marubutansa kamar American Uncial da Bible Seript Flourishes, "Gothic" laƙƙarfan bugun jini kuma galibi ba su da tushe fiye da sauran kamar Rubutun Bikin aure da Fraktur, "Cursive" tare da ƙarancin tsari a cikin shekaru goma na 50 da 60 na nuna Freestyle Script da Kauffman.
Na ado
Kararraki ne na musamman ba don amfanin yau da kullun ba, amma, kasancewa haruffan "Fantasy" ba tare da wadatar su da yawa ba, da kuma bayyanar tsoffin shekaru, misalin su Shatter da Croissant, a gefe guda "Epoca" alama ce ta salon salo mafi sauƙi, wanda ake iya gani misali a cikin tallace -tallace , mafi yawan kalmomin da ake amfani da su sune Peignot, Gallia da Broadway.
Yadda ake ƙirƙirar fonts ta shafin yanar gizo?
Akwai shafukan yanar gizo daban -daban inda za mu iya sanya duk abubuwan kirkirar mu da yin namu namu, waɗannan kayan aikin da ke da amfani sosai idan muka yi ƙoƙarin neman takamaiman sakamako.
Ofaya daga cikin shahararrun kayan aikin da ke akwai don ƙirƙirar haruffa daban -daban a cikin iyalai masu rubutu a kan yanar gizo ana kiranta MyScriptFont, wannan ya faru ne saboda yadda sauƙi da ingantaccen aiki zai iya kasancewa, kawai kuna buƙatar gyara abubuwa game da font, amma Sauran za a yi aiki ta hanyar aikace -aikacen. Na gaba, za mu yi bayani a takaice matakan da za ku yi:
- Hanyar 1: Za mu fara ta zazzage samfuri wanda za a yi amfani da shi don rubuta sabon font. Hoton zai kasance a cikin PNG ko PDF.
- Hanyar 2: A cikin aikace -aikacen, MyScriptFont, yakamata ku nemi fayil ɗin a ɓangaren da ke cewa "Zaɓi fayil". Idan an ɗora shi kai tsaye zuwa gajimare, kuna iya ƙara URL ɗin kawai.
- Hanyar 3: Shigar da sunan font ɗin da kuke son yi kuma shi ke nan. Lokacin shigar da shi akan kwamfutarka, kawai danna sau biyu akan fayil ɗin da kuka yi kuma da zarar an buɗe, danna "Shigar".
Yadda ake ƙirƙirar fonts a cikin Adobe Illustrator?
Kafin fara wannan aikin, dole ne ku fara samun shirin “Adobe Illustrator” da zazzagewa kuma shigar dashi akan kwamfutarka, kuna iya samun sa akan Google, da kuma kasancewa kyauta. Photoshop ko Font Forge na iya zama da amfani a gare ku, amma a cikin wannan bayanin, za mu mai da hankali ne kawai ga Mai zane.
Za mu fara ne da yin nau'in buga rubutu da muke so mu ƙirƙiro a takarda (takardar takarda ta zahiri), sannan za mu miƙa wa kwamfuta. Wannan tsari zai yi muku nishaɗi, saboda zaku iya tsara font da kuke so ta yadda kuke so, bayan kammala wannan, bincika takardar kuma canza shi zuwa hoto akan kwamfutarka; Na gaba, za mu yi bayani dalla -dalla abin da dole ne ku yi:
- Hanyar 1: Fara shirin kuma sau ɗaya a ciki, buɗe hoton font ɗin da kuka ƙirƙira a baya. Muna ba da shawarar ku zuƙowa cikin hoton don ku iya yaba shi sosai.
- Hanyar 2: A gefen hagu na aikace -aikacen, zaku ga kayan aikin kuma zaɓi wanda kuke buƙata don wannan aikin, alkalami. Muna ba da shawarar yin amfani da launi mai ƙarfi kamar ja don wuce layin haruffa.
- Hanyar 3: Yin bita da rubutu yana da sauƙi, kawai dole ku danna ƙarshen haruffan (kowannensu daban). Za ku ga yadda a cikin haruffa, za a samar da layin da zai bi ku; A gefen hagu, za ku ga wasu kayan aikin da za su sauƙaƙe wannan aikin, kamar, misali: Wanda zai ƙirƙiri sifofi, kamar da'irori, don yin nazarin haruffan madauwari da sauri.
- Hanyar 4: Yanzu dole ne ku shiga injin binciken Google don bincika da shigar da shafin: Calligraphr.com, anan zaku iya nemo samfuran da kuke buƙata don ƙirƙirar rubutun ku kyauta. Tsarin yanar gizon yana da sauƙi, kawai dole ne ku je inda aka ce "Ku fara kyauta" sannan ku yi rajista; Lokacin da kuka yi, zazzage samfurin PDF, wanda dole ne ku buɗe a cikin Adobe Illustrator don ci gaba da mataki na gaba.
- Hanyar 5: Da zarar an buɗe, za ku yaba cewa akwai akwatuna da yawa waɗanda a ciki zaku iya ƙara ɗaya bayan ɗaya, haruffan da kuka bita a baya. Don yin wannan, da farko buɗe fayil ɗin da aka duba wasiƙun, don ku duka buɗe: samfuri da haruffa.
- Hanyar 6: Da farko zaɓi haruffa, sannan lokaci guda danna maɓallin Ctrl da C (wannan don kwafa ne) kuma liƙa shi cikin samfuri ta danna maɓallin Ctrl da V (wannan don mannawa ne). Kuna iya ganin sun bayyana da girma sosai, amma kawai rage girman su don fara kwafin kowane harafin a cikin akwatunan.
- Hanyar 7: Da zarar an yi, adana samfuri wanda ke da haruffa, amma dole ne ku yi shi azaman fayil ɗin PDF.
Don gamawa, je zuwa shafin yanar gizon da aka ambata kuma loda fayil ɗin, bayan haka, danna "Samar da tushe". Bayan haka, dole ne ku danna "Sauke font", tare da wannan, kuna da sabon font ɗinku na al'ada, wanda zaku iya ƙarawa zuwa Kalma ko zuwa shirin ƙira.
Hanya mai sauƙi don ƙara wannan font ɗin zuwa kwamfutarka shine zuwa babban fayil "Fonts" a cikin Windows kuma liƙa fayil ɗin PDF ɗin da kuka kirkira.
Idan kuna son labarin kan iyalai masu rubutu kuma kuna sha'awar karanta wani, muna gayyatar ku don ziyartar masu zuwa: Polymorphism a cikin shirye-shiryen daidaitaccen abu.