A cikin wannan labarin za ku san mahimmancin juyin na’urorin ajiya kuma Ta yaya suka kasance masu mahimmanci? Fasaha tana canzawa kuma mun san cewa koyaushe za a sami manyan ci gaba a cikin waɗannan na'urori.
Juyin juyi na na'urorin ajiya
Mun san cewa tsawon shekaru waɗannan kayan aikin sun canza sosai duk da cewa yana da wuya a yi imani da duniyar yau da walƙiya da raba fayil na intanet, ana buƙatar tarin katunan fakiti don samarwa da canja wurin bayanai.
Bari mu ga tafiyar wannan juyin na’urorin ajiya na bayanai:
Perforated katin
Yawancin waɗannan kayan aikin samar da kayayyaki an yi amfani da su shekaru da yawa da suka gabata kuma suna iya samarwa har zuwa 960b. Buɗe katin yana nufin sifili (0) kuma babu sarari (1). Za a buƙaci fiye da katunan 40.000 don samar da fayil ɗin MP3 na minti 2 guda ɗaya.
Hannun kai
An ƙera wannan kayan aikin ta hanyar reel na tsiri daidai da katunan bugawa 10.000. Dangane da girman, tsayinsa zai iya kaiwa daga ƙafa 2400 zuwa 4800. Waya wacce ke da ikon ɗaukar bayanai tsakanin 5 zuwa 10 MB.
3,5 inch floppy tafiyarwa
Kayan aikin inci 3,5-inch sun shahara saboda karfinsu da karko. Hakanan zasu iya ƙunsar 1,44 MB.
CD
Wannan kayan tarihi ne da ke taɓarɓarewa a cikin shekarun 1990 kuma sararin tattara bayanansa ya ninka sau 450 na faifan diski.
ZIP disk
Waɗannan kayan tarihi suna da sarari tsakanin 100 zuwa 750 MB. Su ne waɗanda masu amfani suka fi zaɓa a cikin shekarun 1990. Don haka su ne bunƙasar lokacin.
Flash tafiyarwa
Waɗannan direbobi suna kallon farkon sabon karni kuma suna iya tattara bayanai daga har zuwa 8MB zuwa 256GB. Su babban mataki ne a ci gaban fasahar adanawa ga mai amfani na ƙarshe.
Hard rumbun kwamfutarka
Waɗannan kayan aikin masu wuya da šaukuwa na iya ƙunsar ko'ina daga 25GB zuwa 4TB kuma suna da fa'ida sosai don tallafawa manyan fayiloli kamar abun cikin bidiyo.
Adana girgije
Tare da ajiyar girgije, zaɓuɓɓukan ajiyar ku na yanzu ba su da iyaka kuma ana iya amfani da su daga kowace na'ura da ke da haɗin intanet.
RAM
Memory Access Memory ko RAM (gajeriyar ga Random Access Memory) wani nau'in ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa ce wacce za a iya karantawa da rubuta bayanai a ciki. Yana da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, wato, abin da ke cikinsa zai ɓace lokacin da aka yanke ikon.
Ana adana ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a cikin waɗannan abubuwan shigarwa, saboda haka sunansa, RAM yana ɗaya daga cikin kayan aikin komputa mafi haɓaka cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata. , Idan a ƙarshen shekarun 1980 ƙarfin RAM ya kusan 4MB, to abin da aka saba yi yanzu shine siyan kwamfutar da aƙalla 1024MB (1GB).
Yawanci, adadin MB ɗin da kuka ci gaba daidai yake da ikon 2; A tsakiyar shekarun 1990, da isowar Windows 95, kwamfutoci sun fara amfani da 16 MB na RAM sannan daga baya 32, 64 da 128. Wannan ya kasance har zuwa amfani da Pentium 4 da Windows XP, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da ƙasa da 256 MB na RAM, kodayake a yau al'ada ce don amfani tsakanin 1 GB zuwa 8 GB, kodayake wasu PC sun riga sun yi amfani da 32 GB na RAM JEFRI.
Ma'ajiya
A cikin kwamfuta, na’urar adana bayanai ita ce ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da cibiyar sarrafa kwamfuta ke amfani da ita don rage lokacin samun damar ƙwaƙwalwa. Cache ɗin ƙarami ne da sauri, yana adana kwafin bayanai a babban ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, waɗanda ake amfani da su akai -akai.
Tsararren bayanai ne da aka kwafi daga wasu na asali, kuma sifarsa ita ce idan aka kwatanta da kwafi a cikin cache, farashin samun bayanai na asali galibi yana da girma, gabaɗaya yana da tsada cikin lokaci. Lokacin da aka isa ga bayanai a karon farko, an ƙirƙiri kwafi a cikin cache, ana yin abubuwan da ke zuwa zuwa kwafin, don haka rage matsakaicin lokacin samun bayanai.
Lokacin da masarrafar kayan masarufi ke buƙatar karatu ko rubutu zuwa wuri a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar farko, matakin da za a fara shine idan akwai kwafin bayanan a cikin cache. Idan haka ne, mai sarrafawa nan da nan ya karanta ko ya rubuta cikin cache, wanda ya fi sauri sauri fiye da karatu ko rubutawa zuwa ƙwaƙwalwar farko.
Hard disk
Wannan shine matsakaici a tsakiyar samarwa, tunda wannan na'urar ta farko ta bayyana a 1955 har zuwa yanzu, ya ci gaba da yawa. Ana amfani da waɗannan faifan faifan a cikin kwamfyutocin tebur, kwamfyutocin tafi -da -gidanka da ƙarin abubuwan samar da hadaddun abubuwa, rumbun kwamfutarka shine ɓangaren da ke kula da adana duk bayanan da muke so.
Ƙwaƙwalwar RAM ɗin tana aiki azaman na'urar madadin (azaman mai canzawa don samar da bayanai lokacin sarrafa bayanai), kuma faifan diski ɗin zai tattara abun ciki ko bayanan bayanan da muka shigar dasu har abada. Yawancin lokaci, abu na farko da aka yi rijista a cikin naúrar ita ce tsarin aiki da muke son amfani da shi a kwamfutar.
Da zarar an shigar da tsarin aiki a kan rumbun kwamfutarka, za a iya amfani da duk shirye -shiryen da za a shigar kuma dukkan bayanan da za a adana za a adana su a kan rumbun. A kan rumbun kwamfutarka muna adana kowane abun ciki, kamar takardu, hotuna, sauti, shirye -shirye, bidiyo, fayiloli, da sauransu.
Na ɗan lokaci yanzu, faifan diski suma sun yi nisa, musamman ta faɗaɗa ƙarfin su.
Wannan ya ƙunshi:
Fayafai da yawa na magnetized sune inda aka adana bayanan.
- Motar da ke juya diski.
- Saitin kawunan maganadisu, wato suna karanta bayanan da aka adana akan faifai.
- Electromagnet wanda zai iya motsa kawunan.
- Da'irar sarrafa lantarki, gami da dubawa tare da kwamfuta da cache.
- Akwatin da aka rufe (ko da yake ba a rufe ta ba) na iya kare akwatin gaba ɗaya.
Galibi suna amfani da tsarin rikodin maganadisu na analog. Yawan fayafai ya dogara da ƙarfin HDD da adadin kawuna a cikin adadin faifai x 2, saboda kowane faifai yana da kai ɗaya a kowane gefe (fayafai 4 = ɓangarori 8 = kawuna 8).
Devicesarancin na'urori
Hakanan, madaidaitan na'urori waɗanda suke a matsayin kayan aiki a cikin kwamfutar, Hakanan kuna iya haɗawa da cire wasu madaidaitan na'urori a kowace kwamfuta. Waɗannan tsarin suna da amfani sosai don canja wurin bayanai tsakanin kwamfutoci biyu ko fiye.
CD ROM
An matsa wannan na’urar (a cikin Ingilishi: Ƙwaƙwalwar Karatun Karatu Kawai). Diski ne na gani wanda ake amfani da shi don tattara bayanai ko marasa ƙarfi (kamar yadda ba a iya canzawa kamar faifan faifai), wato a ƙa'ida, ba za a iya goge bayanan da aka shigar akan CD ba, da zarar an rubuta a CD, ba za a iya canza shi ba, kawai ana iya karantawa (saboda haka sunan Karanta Memory kawai).
CD-ROM farantin filastik ne mai fa'ida wanda abun ciki ko bayanan dijital an sanya su cikin karkace daga tsakiya zuwa baki. An gabatar da su a tsakiyar shekarun 1980 ta shahararrun kamfanoni irin su Sony da Philips, Microsoft da Apple sune manyan kamfanonin kwamfuta guda biyu da suke amfani da shi, yana daya daga cikin na’urorin samar da kayayyaki da aka fi amfani da su, a zahiri, yana maye gurbin kaset din da suke ana amfani da shi don adana kiɗa da faifan diski waɗanda ake amfani da su don adana wasu nau'ikan bayanai.
Akwai nau'ikan CD-ROM da yawa. Waɗannan litattafan na yau da kullun suna da kusan cm 12 a diamita kuma galibi suna adana 650 zuwa 700 MB na bayanai; Koyaya, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ma an ƙera CD-ROMs tare da damar 800 ko 900 MB, idan kuka yi la'akari da ƙarfin kiɗan a cikin mintuna, 700 MB zai zama minti 80.
Hakanan akwai ƙananan diski 8cm, amma sun dace sosai don adana ƙananan software. Galibi ana amfani da su don yin rijistar software, direbobi, keɓaɓɓun wurare, kodayake galibi ana amfani da su don canja wurin bayanai kamar CD na al'ada.
Babban fa'idojin CD-ROM shine keɓancewarsa, sauƙin amfani da ƙaramin girma (musamman kauri). Koyaya, babban hasararsa shine ba zai iya sarrafa bayanan da aka adana a ciki ba, don magance wannan matsalar, CD-RW ko CD mai sake rubutawa ya bayyana, halayensa iri ɗaya ne da faifan CD na yau da kullun, amma na musamman ne saboda ana iya yin rubutu sau da yawa a so.
CD mai karanta CD ɗin, wanda ya haɗa da laser wanda ke karanta bayanai daga tsakiya zuwa gefen diski. Tsarin yana kama da katunan da aka buga, kodayake ramukan katin da aka buga suna bayyane a bayyane, CD ɗin kuma yana ƙunshe da ƙananan ramuka waɗanda ba za a iya gano su da ido tsirara ba saboda ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ne, lokacin rubuta CD, yi amfani da tsarin binary tare da ko ba tare da rashi ( zero da daya).
DVD
Ci gaban fasahar bayanai da juyin na’urorin ajiya ya sanya CD ɗin ƙanana. Idan faifan diski ya yi ƙanƙanta shekaru 10 da suka gabata kuma CD ɗin sun yi kama da "babba", yanayin ya canza, saboda duk aikace -aikace (gami da shirye -shirye, tsarin aiki ko wasannin bidiyo) sun ɗauki ƙarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, daga ƙarfin CD na al'ada na 700 MB har zuwa 4,7 GB DVD.
Sayar da DVD ya fara bayyana a tsarin bidiyo don maye gurbin VHS na gargajiya. Fa'idodin DVD a bayyane suke: mafi girman ƙarfin, mafi kyawun ingancin ajiya, tunda faifan bidiyo yana da sauƙin amfani, zai iya adana bayanai da kyau; DVD sun fi dorewa, tare da ingantaccen hoto da mafi kyawun ingancin sauti, fina -finan DVD sun shahara a ƙarshen shekarun 1990 saboda wannan juyin na’urorin ajiya.
Koyaya, a cikin waɗannan shekarun, CD ɗin har yanzu shine mafi mashahuri a matakin kwamfuta. A baya, wasannin bidiyo sun buƙaci kusan 600 MB na sararin shigarwa, don haka ana iya adana su cikin sauƙi zuwa CD, duk da haka, tare da haɓaka fasahohi kamar bayanai da zane -zane, wasannin bidiyo da sauran shirye -shirye suna mamaye wurare da yawa, kafin buƙatar ƙarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, wasu wasannin bidiyo da aka yi amfani da su don saka CD 4 ko 5, wanda hakan ya sa aikin ba shi da daɗi.
Hakanan akwai DVD-Rs, saboda kamar CDs, DVD na al'ada ana karantawa ne kawai. Amma daga darussan da aka koya daga CD ɗin, an ƙera DVD ɗin da za a iya sake rubutawa, bugu da kari, DVDs masu fa'ida sun kasance na shekaru da yawa, har yanzu ana karanta irin wannan DVD ɗin a gefe ɗaya, amma yana da bayanan bayanai biyu.
Duk da haka tare da juyin na’urorin ajiya, yana kuma yiwuwa a karanta DVD a bangarorin biyu. Akwai masu fuska biyu da na biyu, amma idan DVD yana da gefe biyu kuma yana da fa'ida, ƙarfin zai kai 17 GB, duk da haka, koda waɗannan tsarin ba su da ƙarancin amfani, suna da tsada sosai, amma za su tabbas maye gurbin wata rana zuwa faifan CD na yanzu.
Memory na USB
Saboda da juyin na’urorin ajiya, IBM ne ya ƙirƙiri sandar ƙwaƙwalwar USB, amma ba su karɓi takardar shaidar ba, manufarta ita ce maye gurbin faifan diski tare da babban ƙarfin aiki da haɓaka saurin watsa bayanai, kodayake yana iya tara CD ko DVD a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, sannan gogewa da sarrafa shi, mafi kyawun ƙwaƙwalwar USB mai amfani shine.
Ƙananan na'urori ne masu girman fitila, aikinsu kusan iri ɗaya ne da na faifan faifai, amma ƙarfin ya fi girma, a halin yanzu yana da kimanin 64MB zuwa GB da yawa. Daga cikin manyan fa'idodin sa shine cewa yana da tsarin da aka ɗauka ƙarami ne don a rarrabe shi azaman mai amfani, babban juriya (ƙwaƙwalwar da kanta ana kiyaye shi ta akwatin filastik kamar wuta) da saurin watsawa, wanda ya fi sauri sauri. .
A halin yanzu, irin wannan kayan aiki yana da kyau sosai, musamman tsakanin matasa ko ma'aikatan ofis. Saboda irin wannan kayan aikin ƙarami ne kuma ƙarami ne, ana iya rataye shi a kan maɓallin makullin, kuma mafi mahimmanci, ana iya haɗa shi kawai da tsarin aiki, Windows ko Mac) an rataye su tare, dole ne ku haɗa shi da kwamfutar kuma yi amfani da shi ba tare da haifar da ƙarin matsaloli ba, akwai wasu na'urori masu halaye iri ɗaya, kamar masu kunna MP3.
Suna iya adana kowane nau'in bayanai, amma babban fasalin su shine cewa zasu iya fara ganewa da sarrafa fayilolin kiɗa a cikin mp3 da wma, kuma su saurare su ta hanyar belun kunne da aka haɗa da na'urar. Sabili da haka, yana iya maye gurbin Walkman, amma ƙari, sabbin kayayyaki suna bayyana kowane lokaci, waɗannan ƙirar na iya adana dubun GB (dubban waƙoƙi) da bidiyo, kuma ana iya nuna su akan ƙaramin allo.
Faifan Magnetic
Shekaru daga baya, saboda buƙatar kula da oda na waɗannan katunan ba tare da ɓata lokaci mai yawa don saka su ɗaya bayan ɗaya ba, an ƙirƙiri kaset ɗin da aka toshe, wanda kuma aka sani da ramin rami, wanda ya sauƙaƙe ɗaukar tsarin. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, an gano sabuwar fasahar tef ɗin maganadisun kuma an fara amfani da ita a cikin ajiyar bayanan kwamfuta, tunda ingancinsa a zahiri ya ƙunshi sararin tef ɗin magnetic wanda aka rufe da baƙin ƙarfe.
Game da sanya sanduna masu kyau da mara kyau (gwargwadon halin da ake ciki), ƙa'idar ita ce sanya jerin manyan maganadisu a kan tef ɗin, waɗanda ke buƙatar canjin polarity, wanda ke sa ya yi aiki a ƙarƙashin ƙa'ida ɗaya kamar ramukan ramuka, ba tare da ɓarna Ba. ta hanyar raƙuman electromagnetic za su iya aiki, wanda ake samu ta hanyar ƙarfe da aka sanya akan tef; Don tabbatar da wannan bayanan, saboda girman tef ɗin da ya gabata ya yi yawa, an ƙirƙiri siffofi daban -daban, waɗanda a ƙarshe aka kawar da su.
Kwamfutoci na sirri
Lokacin da kwamfutoci na sirri suka fara siyar da su, mutanen da ke sha'awar filin sun fara nazarin yadda ake sarrafa kayan aiki, shirye -shirye, ƙirƙirar sabbin aikace -aikace, da sauransu. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan mutanen suna sha'awar kwaikwayon kwamfuta, wasanni, da haɓaka yanayin gani, don haka masu sarrafawa da juyin na’urorin ajiya ba za su iya rufe duk albarkatun da waɗannan wasannin da sabbin aikace -aikacen gani ke cinyewa ba.
Hakanan, canja wurin duk wannan software daga kwamfuta zuwa wata ya zama na gaggawa, saboda matsalar matsalar katin naushi iri ɗaya ke faruwa, don haka yana ɗaukar diski guda 5 don ƙona software mai kyau. Don haka, sun haɓaka 3½ "diski kuma an ƙaddamar da sabbin kwamfutoci tare da waɗannan sabbin na'urori, za su iya adana diski har zuwa 1,44 Mb kuma su kiyaye ƙa'idodi iri ɗaya kamar 5¼", amma tare da manyan "ƙananan maganadisu" a cikin faifai. na ƙaramin sarari.
Bayani mai mahimmanci kuma mai ban mamaki na ci gaban rumbun kwamfutarka shine cewa da farko, wasu motherboards ba su kawo haɗin kai tsaye zuwa diski ba, don haka dole ne ku sayi katin SCSI tare da haɗin faifai, saboda ba kawai diski ɗin da abin ya shafa ba, amma kuma floppy disk. Cire daga motherboard, dalilin hakan shine yana rage farashin motherboard, kuma ga wasu kamfanoni, zaku iya siyan irin waɗannan kwamfutoci 10 da katunan SCSI 2, waɗanda ke juyawa yayin da mutane ke yin wasu ayyuka.
ƙarshe
Na ɗan wani lokaci, kuma tun daga lokacin da babu wutar lantarki, ɗan adam a koyaushe yana son sauƙaƙa salon rayuwarsa, shi ya sa manyan masu tunanin tarihi suka sadaukar da mafi yawan rayuwarsu don haɓaka ka’idoji. Sakamakon juyin na’urorin ajiya ana amfani da lissafi don gina injinan da ke sauƙaƙa aikin yau da kullun.
Koyaya, wannan bai isa ya wadatar a zahiri ba, da juyin na’urorin ajiya, mutane suna neman saurin gudu da sauri kuma fasahar 'miniaturization' koyaushe tana haɓaka kowace rana, ta wannan hanyar, yana yiwuwa a yi masu sarrafawa da sauri don ƙaramin da'irori, haka nan, yana yiwuwa a sami ƙarancin ajiya mai ƙarfi a cikin ƙaramin sarari na zahiri da sarrafa kwamfuta yana cikin mafi kyawun sa.
Ya mai karatu, idan kuna son ci gaba da sha'awar labaran mu, karanta: Menene fasaha don? .
