Menene Microsoft? ita ce tambayar da za mu amsa a cikin wannan labarin mai alaka da babban kamfani da ke wanzuwa a duniya don haɓaka manhajar kwamfuta. Kada ku rasa wannan labarin.
Menene Microsoft?
Kamfani ne wanda aka haife shi a cikin shekaru goma na 70. A tsawon lokaci ya zama babban kamfani wajen haɓaka shirye -shirye don kayan aikin kwamfuta da duk abin da ya shafi kimiyyar kwamfuta. A halin yanzu yana da layukan dabaru.
Inda ba kawai suke yin sabuntawa ga shirin Office da Windows ba. Hakanan yana aiwatar da ayyuka daban -daban masu alaƙa da ba da shawara kan haɓaka wasu hanyoyin IT. Kayayyakin Microsoft ta alamar Windows ɗin su ke jagorantar kasuwa da ke da alaƙa da software don kayan aikin kwamfuta.
Hakanan, suna kula da ci gaba da haɓaka shirye -shiryen da suka shafi ayyuka daban -daban da suka shafi ayyukan ofis. Hakanan yana daya daga cikin mafi amfani a duniya. Shirin Microsoft Office ya zama abin tunani don ƙirƙirar wasu shirye -shiryen kwamfuta.
Ya sa ya yiwu a aiwatar da tsarin da ya shafi lissafin kuɗi, kuɗi da hanyoyin kimiyya. Lokacin da wani yayi tambaya Menene Microsoft? Amsar ba wai an yi niyyar cewa kamfanin haɓaka software ne kawai ba. Amma kamfani mafi girma a duniya a duniya.
Asali da juyin halitta
Kamfanin Bill Gates da Paul Allen ne suka kafa kamfanin a watan Afrilu 1975 a birnin Albuquerque, New Mexico, a Amurka, dukkansu daliban jami'a ne. cewa yayin da suke ganawa suna musayar ra'ayoyi da suka shafi fasaha.
Farawa
Sun sadu a Jami'ar Harvard inda suka yi musayar ra'ayoyi a azuzuwan kimiyyar kwamfuta. Dukansu suna da ra'ayi ɗaya: Kirkirar shirye-shiryen kwamfuta waɗanda za su iya sarrafa komputa na PDP 10. Har zuwa yau yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi sabuntawa kuma DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation) ta ƙera shi.
A cikin shekarun 60 an sami karancin ƙananan kwamfutoci a duniya. Idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda ke wanzu a yau. Wanda aka fi amfani dasu kuma tare da iyakancewa shine IBM 360, sun kasance manyan ƙungiyoyi. Amma sun zama abin kwatance ga ɗaliban kimiyyar kwamfuta. Bill ya sami damar tuntuɓar irin wannan ƙungiyar. Don haka ta fara sanin sa fiye da malaman ta.
A cikin wannan makaranta Paul Allen shi ma ya yi karatu, wanda kuma ya ja hankali ga duk abin da ya shafi kwamfuta da fasaha. Dukansu sun haɗu da ƙwarewar ɗalibi kuma suna da ƙa'idodin juna don yin la'akari da aiwatar da tsarin da zai iya ba ƙungiyoyin kyakkyawan sakamako.
Ƙirƙirar kamfanin
A 1975 duka ɗaliban biyu sun yi watsi da karatunsu kuma sun sadaukar da kansu don haɓaka abin da su mafarkinsu biyu. Ƙirƙiri sannan Microsoft wanda a farkon sa aka kira shi "Micro-soft", wanda shine taƙaitaccen "Microcomputer Software". An kirkiri kamfanin ne da nufin sayar da wani shiri mai suna BASIC (Code of Symbolic Instruction Code of Beginner), bisa tsarin Fortan, wanda yana daya daga cikin tsarin da kwamfutoci ke amfani da su a lokacin.
Tsarin tsarin da gaske wani nau'in yaren shirye -shirye ne da ke neman daidaita ayyukan kan kwamfutoci. Kuma an ce an haife ra'ayin ne lokacin da su biyun suka karanta labarin kimiyyar kwamfuta inda ya ba da shawarar haɓaka kayan aikin kwamfuta na sirri. An ɗauke shi cikakke cikakke da ake kira Altair 8800. Labarin ya fito a cikin shahararren mujallar Electronics.
Abokan ciniki na farko
Ofaya daga cikin tallace -tallace na farko na Microsoft Bill Gates ne ya shirya shi bayan ya shirya shirin, ga kamfanin haɓaka software da ake kira (MITS) “Micro Instrumentation da Telemetry Systems. Wannan Kamfani shi ne ya kera masu sarrafa Altair. Bill Gates ya sami damar samun rabin ribar da aka samu daga siyar da kayan aikin tare da shigar da tsarin BASIC.
Bayan wasu shekaru Microsoft ya sayi lasisin BASIC don samun damar miƙa shi ga wasu masana'antun kwamfuta. Sannan ya faɗaɗa samfur ɗinsa zuwa kamfanonin Apple Computer, Commodore da Tandy Corporation. Waɗannan kamfanoni ainihin abokan ciniki ne na farko na Microsoft.
A shekara ta 1977, shekaru biyu kacal bayan kafa ta, Microsoft tana tallata samfur ɗin ta mai suna Microsoft fortran ga kamfanoni daban -daban. A cikin 1979 Bill da Paul sun yanke shawarar ƙaura ofisoshin Microsoft zuwa Bellevue a jihar Washington. An ci gaba da siyarwa ba tare da wata matsala ba kuma duniyar kwamfuta tana ɗaukar matakan farko.
Don 1980 sun aiwatar da ƙirƙirar tsarin aiki mai suna MS DOS, wanda ya ba da damar kafa wasu ƙa'idodi waɗanda suka taimaka ƙungiyoyi da yawa don gudanar da ayyuka daban -daban. Tare da wannan tsarin suna samun abokan ciniki waɗanda kaɗan kaɗan suka zama abin tunani don haɓaka. A cikin shekarun 90 sun kirkiro tsarin software na kwamfuta na farko da ake kira «Windows.
Bisa tsarin MS DOS. Windows ya ba da damar buɗe filin tsarin aiki a duniya. Hakanan taimakawa hakan a cikin tsarin da kamfanonin da ke da alaƙa da sarrafa kwamfuta za su fara girma cikin ƙima. Tare da Windows, shirin Office kuma ya bayyana.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IqsSaZvJgng
Haka ya zo tare da tsarin aiki kuma ya ba masu amfani damar samun kayan aikin shirya takardu da teburin lissafi a hannunsu. Riba ta yi kyau sosai ga kamfanin, yana da ma'aikatan ma'aikatan haɓaka fasaha waɗanda ke neman ƙirƙira da sabbin dabaru. A cikin 1986 sun koma Redmond, a cikin wannan jihar ta Washington.
Girma
Haɓaka Microsoft ba kawai ya kasance cikin haɓaka software da shirye -shirye ba, har ma ya shiga cikin ƙirƙirar tsarin kayan masarufi daban -daban. Inda ya sami damar kafa tsarin keɓaɓɓu kamar maɓallan maɓalli da beraye waɗanda tare da lokaci kuma za su canza kasuwar kwamfuta.
A gefe guda, za mu iya tambayar kanmu da gaske: Menene Microsoft kuma me ake nufi? kuma a matsayin amsa muna da cewa shirin farko ne don ƙirƙirar takardu da nau'ikan rubutu iri -iri. Hakanan akwai wasu shirye -shirye kamar Excel, Power Point. masu bugawa da sauransu.
Microsoft kamfani ne wanda ke aiwatar da masu haɓaka shirye -shiryen wasan bidiyo kamar ƙirƙirar kwanan nan da ake kira XBOX da Surface. Waɗannan sun sami karbuwa sosai a kasuwa.
Menene nasarar ku?
Ƙirƙirar da juriya kayan aiki ne guda biyu da Microsoft ke aiwatarwa don haɓaka ƙimarsa a duk duniya. Kamfanonin tutocinsa guda biyu Office da Windows sun ba shi damar sanya kanta a kasuwar software ta duniya. Inda tallace -tallace suke miliyoyin daloli.
Duk da wannan, kamfanin koyaushe yana da kishiya; inda wasu kamfanoni suka yi ƙoƙarin sanya samfura irin na Microsoft a kasuwa. Babban maƙasudin nasarar Microsoft kuma ya samu wakilcin jagorancin manajan wanda ya kafa Bill Gates.
Wanda tun farko ya kula da layin aiki. Wanda ba a karkace daga manyan manufofinsa ba, wanda aka ɗaga daga farko. Don haka a yau Microsoft ta kulla kawance da abokan gaba na kasuwanci. Shawara da shiga cikin ayyukan haɓaka shirye -shirye don haɓaka juna. Duk da buƙatun da ta samu, an tilasta wa kamfanin barin tallace -tallace da wuraren tallace -tallace don iyakance keɓaɓɓu.
Ci gaba da magudi
Kullum muna samun damuwar mutane da yawa waɗanda suke mamakin menene Microsoft?. Wannan kamfani ya yi nasara a kasuwar kwamfuta ta duniya amma kuma ya sha fuskantar matsaloli daban -daban na shari'a. Musamman a Amurka. Tun lokacin da aka kafa kamfanin, 'yan majalisa da lauyoyi sun sanya ido tare da yin tambayoyi. Wadanda suka nemi a alakanta su da batun kadaici.
Microsoft ba kawai kamfanin haɓaka IT bane. Hakanan yana wakiltar horo kan haɓaka fasaha wanda ke ba da dacewa ga wasu kamfanoni. Dole ne kamfanin ya yi la’akari da waɗannan ayyukan saboda ayyuka daban -daban na shari’a da aka gabatar da su.
Ko a yau ana zargin kamfanin ba wai kawai ya mallaki kasuwar software ba. Amma kuma ana zargin ta da gudanar da ayyukan da ake tuhuma da ke shakkar kirkirar ta. A tsakiyar 2000 zargin da hukumomin shari'a na Amurka suka yi ya zama "Abusive Monopoly".
Hukumar shari’a ta zargi Microsoft da mallake kasuwar kayayyakin kwamfuta. Wannan ya haifar da hukunci wanda dole ne kamfanin ya raba kayayyakinsa da wasu kamfanoni don a raba su da wani suna a kasuwar Arewacin Amurka.
Duk da haka, har yanzu bai ƙare a can ba. A shekara ta 2004 Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai ta ɗauki matakin shari'a tana zargin Microsoft da kasancewa ƙungiya da ta aiwatar da "Cin Zarafi". Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai ta yi la'akari da cewa samfuran Windows suna iyakance sarari ga wasu kamfanoni.
Ya yanke wa kamfanin hukuncin sakin sigogi na musamman na Windows XP Products yakamata ya kasance yana da alaƙa da bukatun masu amfani a Turai. Dole ne a haɓaka waɗannan sigogin Windows tare da wasu iyakancewa.
Lauyan ya yi tunanin cewa software bai kamata ta ƙunshi shirye -shiryen da aka haɗa da yawa kamar mai kunna Media ba, har ma da Ofishin. Don wasu kamfanoni su iya tallata samfuran su da masu amfani da su ta hanyar shiga ta gaba. Wannan daga nan ya bar Microsoft tare da zaɓi don siyar da takamaiman sigogin Windows XP Home Edition N da Windows XP Professional N.
Ina hedkwatar take
A halin yanzu kamfanin yana da dubban rassa a duniya, yana da hedkwatarsa a birnin Redmond, jihar Washington. Tana kusa da kilomita 30 daga Seattle, wanda shine garin Bill Gates. Amma har yanzu mutane suna mamakin yau, Menene Microsoft? Bari mu dubi waɗannan don amsa wannan tambayar kuma.
Kamfanin yana da tsari inda kusan gine -ginen ofisoshi na zamani kusan 100 ne. Kimanin mutane 40.000 ke aiki a wurin, hakika babban hadadden kasuwanci ne, Yana da abubuwan more rayuwa kamar gidajen abinci, shagunan da ayyuka daban -daban. Har ila yau, tana da nata jirgin na sufurin sama da na ƙasa wanda ke ba ma’aikata damar zuwa wuraren ayyukansu ba tare da matsala ba.
Idan kuna son sanin ƙarin batutuwan da suka shafi waɗanda aka bayyana a cikin wannan labarin. Ina gayyatar ku don danna kan hanyoyin da ke tafe:
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