Lokacin da kuka kusanto don ganin hoto a hankali, yana canzawa kuma kuna ganin ƙananan murabba'ai, waɗannan ana kiransu "pixels". A cikin wannan labarin, za mu yi bayani dalla -dalla Menene pixels?
Menene pixels?
Lokacin da kuka kusantar da ganinku kusa da allon talabijin ko kwamfuta, hoton da za ku iya gani a sarari da kaifi daga nesa, yanzu ya zama ƙaramin firam, waɗannan firam ɗin ana kiransu pixels, kuma ba za a iya kiyaye su cikin sauƙi ba.
Menene ainihin pixels? Ƙananan launuka iri ɗaya ne na launuka, waɗannan su ne abin da ya ƙunshi hoton dijital. Kuna iya ganin su a sarari lokacin da kuka ƙara hoto ko hoto akan mai duba kwamfuta.
Daga wannan ma'anar ta zo kalmar, wanda kalmar pix ta Ingilishi ta kirkira, wanda shine haɓakar magana na hoto (hoto) da kashi (kashi). Pixels sune abubuwan da ke yin hoton dijital.
Pixels ɗin sun ƙunshi launuka daban -daban guda uku: shuɗi, kore da ja, amma lokacin haɗa su da ƙarfi daban -daban, muna da sakamakon haka, duk sauran launuka, wannan zai ba mu hoton da muke gani akan allon. Yana yiwuwa a lura cewa pixels, da aka gani da kyau, suna ba da izinin ƙirƙirar hoto.
Tarihinsa ya fara ne tun farkon shekarun 30 lokacin da aka fara amfani da manufar a cikin sinima, kodayake ana kuma fahimtar shi azaman ƙaramin tantanin halitta wanda ya ƙunshi tsarin hadaddun hoto na dijital. An ƙirƙira wannan ra'ayin a cikin 70's kuma ana amfani dashi akan talabijin kafin kwamfutoci.
Kuna son samun ƙarin bayani game da menene pixels? Muna gayyatar ku don kallon bidiyo na gaba:
RGB (Ja, Green, Blue)
Lokacin aiki akan hoto na dijital kuma dole ne canza bayanan lamba wanda pixel ya adana zuwa launi, dole ne ba kawai mu san zurfin launi ba, har ma da haske da ƙirar wannan launi. Don cimma wannan, muna buƙatar sanin girman bit na kowane pixel.
Colorsaukar manyan launuka uku na haske azaman tushe, waɗannan sune waɗanda ke ba mu damar tsara launuka daban -daban na palette mai launi, muna da menene sakamakon hotunan da muke gani akan kwamfutoci, na'urorin hannu, allunan lantarki, talabijin. , a tsakanin wasu, ko da kuwa wasannin bidiyo ne, bidiyo, aikace -aikace ko hotuna.
Idan muna son fahimtar yadda ake sarrafa bayanan pixel, dole ne mu fara la'akari da tsananin haske na launi da zurfinsa, don hakan, dole ne mu san samfurin launi. Hakanan yadda mutum ke aiki a cikin horo na fasahar filastik, lokacin da muka haɗa ja da kore pixels, za mu samu sakamakon wannan haɗin, yanki na hoton a rawaya, da sauransu don ƙirƙirar sautunan daban -daban. .
RGB samfuri ne wanda, kamar yadda muka faɗa a baya, ya dogara da launuka ja, kore da shuɗi, kuma ta hanyar haɗuwa daban -daban tare da ƙarfi daban -daban, su ne ke haifar da hoton. RGB yawanci yana da ragowa 8 waɗanda ke haifar daga launuka uku a haɗe.
Godiya ga abin da ya ƙunshi a yau, babban ɓangaren kwamfuta da na'urorin dijital, kamar masu saka idanu, sikanan, kyamarori, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, galibi suna amfani da samfurin RGB don wakilcin hotuna.
Yanke shawara
Dangane da allon da ake kallon hoton, zai sami ƙuduri mafi kyau, wato, gwargwadon ma'anar allon, mafi girman adadin pixels zai kasance.
Bari mu ce misali kuna da talabijin na HD, faɗinsa 1920 kuma tsayinsa 1080; Lokacin da kuka ninka waɗannan lambobi ne, sakamakon zai zama jimlar adadin pixels ɗin da ke akwai, a wannan yanayin za su kasance: 2.073.600. In ba haka ba, idan TV tana da gajeriyar tsayi da faɗin, adadin pixels zai yi ƙasa.
Duk pixels murabba'i ne ko murabba'i, kuma haɗuwar launi mai yuwuwa ba ta da iyaka, kuma sun sami ci gaba sosai idan aka kwatanta da hotunan dijital na farko waɗanda ba su da gaskiya da santsi.
Tsarin amfani da launi
Bitmap shine mafi tsufa na biyun da ke wanzu, saboda kawai yana yarda da matsakaicin bambancin launuka 256, kowane pixel tare da baiti guda, wannan kawai ya haɗa da pixels waɗanda aka sanya su ta hanyar rukuni na ragowa na ƙaddara ƙima, Maɓallin pixel zai ƙayyade adadin bambancin launi wanda hoton zai iya nunawa.
A gefe guda, hotunan launi na gaskiya suna da baiti uku a kowane pixel, suna ninka sakamakon yiwuwar bambance -bambancen, yana kan zaɓuɓɓukan launi miliyan 16, yana ba da hoton mafi girma.
Canza bayanan adadi da aka adana a cikin pixel zuwa launi yana buƙatar sanin zurfin da haske, amma kuma ƙirar launi da za a yi amfani da ita, ƙirar da aka fi sani, wanda aka riga aka ambata a sama, shine RGB (Red-Green-Blue) wanda ke haifar da launuka daga haɗin ja, kore da shuɗi.
Ya kamata a lura da la'akari da bayanin da aka yi a baya, cewa mu ma muna fuskantar wani takamaiman magana da ake kira mataccen pixel, a ciki za mu iya haɗa duk waɗancan pixels waɗanda basa aiki daidai ko kuma yadda yakamata a cikin abin, misali, a allon nau'in LCD.
A gefe guda, kasancewar abin da ake kira makale pixel ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba, wanda aka sani da samun madaidaicin launi, ko dai shudi ko kore, kuma dole ne mu ma mu tuna da hot pixel, wancan farin pixel wanda koyaushe muke samu.
Pixels suna ɗaukar muhimmiyar rawa a duniyar raye -rayen da ba za mu iya watsi da shi ba, har zuwa lokacin da aka ƙirƙiri sabon nau'in fasaha, wanda aka saki da sunan Pixel Art. Wannan, za mu iya Suna a matsayin horo , ya ƙunshi gyara hotuna daga kwamfuta, ta amfani da jerin shirye -shiryen kwamfuta na musamman.
Baya ga wannan horo za mu iya samun muhimman abubuwa guda biyu: ɗaya wanda ake samun tasirin girma uku, wanda shine salon isometric, ɗayan kuma wanda aka gano shine duk abin da bai dace da rukunin da ya gabata ba, wanda shine isometric.
Nau'in hotunan da pixellation ya shafa
Ko da akwai zane -zanen pixelated akan manufa, wannan tasirin na iya zama mara daɗi a cikin yanayin hotuna da yawa, saboda kodayake idan ba a wanzu ba, hoton dijital ba zai kasance ba, an tsara su don ƙirƙirar shi, ba don bayyana ko lura ba . a cikinsu, sai dai idan an neme su.
A kowane hali, wannan tasirin zai yi tasiri ne kawai yayin haɓaka hotunan mu waɗanda ke cikin tsarin zane-zane na bitmap, a wasu kalmomin, zai shafi duk waɗancan hotunan da ke cikin BMP, TIFF, JPEG, tsarin PNG, da sauransu.
Sanin wannan za mu iya fayyace cewa akwai hotuna iri biyu, wanda aka ambata a sama, na nau'in bitmap, wanda kuma aka sani da Raster ko nau'in vector, waɗanda suka bambanta da juna saboda hotunan bitmap na iya adana bayanan launi na kowane pixel, ƙaddara a cikin wannan hanyar ingancin hoto na ƙarshe.
Irin wannan hoton yana iyakance ta abubuwan da ba za a iya gyara su ba tare da yin sadaukarwa ba, kamar tsayi, faɗi, zurfin launi da ƙuduri, duk waɗannan madaidaitan ƙimar da ke nuna cewa ba za a iya faɗaɗa hoton zuwa kowane ƙuduri ba. , sadaukar da inganci.
A gefe guda, zane-zanen nau'in vector yana wakiltar hoto ta hanyar abubuwan geometric, kamar lanƙwasa Bézier da polygons, kuma ana iya faɗaɗa su ba tare da fuskantar ƙuntatawa zuwa babban matakin daki-daki ba.
Hakanan, saboda waɗannan dalilai, a fannin ƙirar hoto da ɗab'i, ana fifita tsarin hoton vector koyaushe lokacin da suke bugun jini ko haruffan da za a buga a cikin abin da ake kira fasahar gigantography, tunda, kamar yadda aka yi bayani a baya, shi za a iya ɗaukaka ɗarurruwan lokuta ba tare da murdiya ba.
Haka kuma baya faruwa lokacin da muke ƙoƙarin buga hotuna a bitmap kuma muna son su zama manyan, tunda ta wannan hanyar ce dole ne a shirya hoto na musamman, kuma a bi da shi ta yadda za mu iya cimma babban ƙuduri, gaskiyar da za ta ba mu damar iya buga shi.da girman gaske.
Muna gayyatar ku don karanta wani labarin mu mai ban sha'awa: Bayanin bayanai.