Siffofin Rasberi Pi Sanin nau'ikan sa!

A halin yanzu, an ƙirƙiri kwamfutoci da yawa, daga cikinsu akwai ɗaya daga cikin ƙanƙan da ƙanƙanin girma ya fito waje, don haka wannan labarin zai yi bayani akan Siffofin Rasberi Pi da samfuransa.

Siffofin Rasberi Pi

Rasberi Pi umarni ne na ƙaramin girma don haka ana ɗaukar shi na'urar na ƙananan aji, ana amfani da wannan kwamfutar gaba ɗaya a cikin motsawar shirye -shirye a cikin yara daban -daban, kamar yadda ake amfani da ita don nunawa ko nazarin kimiyya na yankin bayanai; Ana iya yin wannan godiya ga saurin cd na halayen da suka haɗa wannan kwamfutar kuma ga kowane tsarin tsarin sa.

An san shi da zama injin da ya dogara kan manyan ayyukan da dole mai amfani ya yi akan kwamfuta, waɗanda aka rasa yayin da ake haɓaka kayan aiki na atomatik, gabaɗaya na zamani da na zamani sune waɗanda ke gabatar da waɗannan tsarin atomatik inda mai amfani ba zai iya amfani da su ba. umarnin da ya dace da yankin kwamfuta wanda ke ba da damar aiki mafi kyau.

Kamar yadda aka bayyana a baya, na'ura mai kwakwalwa tana da manufar inganta ilmantarwa da ke tattare da amfani da waɗannan injina ta hanyar ilimin kwamfuta; Ya ƙunshi hukumar SBC wacce ba ta da tsada mai tsada kuma ana iya siye ta daga Rasberi Pi Foundation wanda yake a cikin Ingila aka bunƙasa shi.

Tare da wannan ci gaba ana neman haɓakawa da ƙarfafa koyarwar a cikin wannan yanki na ƙididdigewa azaman shirye -shiryen jituwa a cikin wannan nau'in microcomputer; Ta hanyar halayen Rasberi Pi, ana sauƙaƙe nazarin kimiyyar kwamfuta don ku koyi yadda ake tsara takamaiman shirin, haka nan kuna iya ƙirƙirar wasanni daban -daban waɗanda suka dace da tsarin.

Ofaya daga cikin manyan halayen Rasberi Pi shine cewa ya ƙunshi ƙaramin jirgi, wanda za'a iya haɗa shi da girman kwatankwacin katin kuɗi. Hakanan yana da RAM micro processor wanda ke da ikon da ake buƙata don gudanar da tsarin wannan kwamfutar ba tare da wata matsala ba kuma wanda za a iya gabatar da ƙarfin 1 GHz.

An haɗa microprocessor a cikin takamaiman guntu wanda aka sani da Broadcom BCM 2835; Hakanan, tana da RAM na 512, ita ma ta ƙunshi Videocore IV GPU ta yadda za a iya aiwatar da kowane irin shirin ba tare da gabatar da kowane irin gazawa ko rashin jituwa ba; Wani aikin da yake ba da izini shine kewayawa ta hanyar res, don haka mai amfani zai iya amfani da intanet.

Ofaya daga cikin sharuɗɗan don amfani da duk fa'idodi da halayen Rasberi Pi shine cewa tana da takamaiman ajiya, wanda dole ne ya dace da katin SD ko micro SD, wannan saboda takamaiman kaddarorinsa a cikin tsarin aiki, tunda yana bayarwa fa'idodi da yawa a cikin ayyukan shirye -shiryen da ke cikin microcomputer.

Yana da tashoshin USB huɗu, waɗanda ke ba da damar mai amfani don haɗa ƙarin kayan aikin da ke ba da ayyuka daidai da ƙirar sa. Hakanan daga cikin halayen Rasberi Pi shine cewa dole ne a haɗa wannan injin ɗin zuwa tushen wutan lantarki, ta yadda za a iya aiwatar da takamaiman ayyukan ta madaidaicin halin yanzu tsakanin kowane kayan aikin sa.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-GbyAHaigeQ

Ba ya haɗa da akwati ko kowane yanki, a cikinsu akwai linzamin kwamfuta ko wani nau'in keyboard, wannan saboda dalilin da ya ƙunshi microcomputer. Samfurin farko na irin wannan kwamfuta ya shahara sosai a tsakanin abokan cinikin kwamfuta, har ma an sayar da shi a kasuwa a matsayin kayan da za a yi amfani da su a cikin robotics, saboda ƙananan ƙirar sa da takamaiman halayensa a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta..

Ranar ƙaddamar da shi ya kasance a cikin 2014 a ranar 29 ga Fabrairu, kuma tallace -tallace da aka samu don wannan ƙirar ƙirar ta kai kusan raka'a 30000000. Yana buƙatar samar da wutar lantarki har zuwa 15,3 W a matsayin matsakaicin iyaka, wannan yana nufin yana buƙatar 3 Amp da 5,1 Volt, wannan kuma ya dogara da processor da ƙwaƙwalwar da kayan aikin suka ƙunsa.

Mai sarrafawa da ƙwaƙwalwa sun bambanta gwargwadon ƙirar microcomputer Raspberry Pi, tsakanin tsarin aiki wanda wannan kayan aikin ke tallafawa shine RISC OC da kuma GNU / Linux ARM. Saboda waɗannan halayen, yana da fa'idar kasancewa ana iya amfani da shi a fannoni daban -daban, ko dai a cikin ilimi, a cikin ƙirar samfura daban -daban da kuma a masana'antu daban -daban.

A cikin tallace -tallace na irin wannan kayan haɗin kwamfuta an ƙara wanda za a iya amfani da shi a cikin wannan na'ura mai kwakwalwa, ta wannan hanyar masu amfani suna da sauƙin amfani da wasu ayyuka da wannan kayan aiki ke bayarwa. Buɗewa ce don haka yana ba da damar amfani da tsarin aiki daban -daban ban da Debian wanda shine tsarin tushe wanda aka gabatar da wannan injin, don haka buɗe sabbin hanyoyin da za a koya wa yara game da sarrafa kwamfuta.

Idan kuna son sanin waɗanne ne shahararrun diski na SSD, to ana gayyatar ku don karanta labarin akan Mafi kyawun SSD inda aka bayyana manyan halayensa, fa'idodi da ƙari mai yawa.

Samfura

Da wannan na’urar komfuta za a iya amfani da ita a fannoni daban -daban, kamar yadda aka yi bayani a sama ko dai don koyarwa a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta ko don yin samfuri. Godiya ga kaddarorin sa, ana amfani da shi a cikin karatun yara musamman a fannin sarrafa kwamfuta, kuma a duk masana'antu ana amfani da shi don haɓaka samfurin kwamfuta ta yadda zai ba da damar kammala ayyukan sa.

Daga cikin halayen Rasberi Pi, ana kiran mai sarrafawa da ƙwaƙwalwar da aka sanya ta, wanda ya bambanta gwargwadon ƙirar kwamfutar da ake amfani da ita, saboda ana iya amfani da wannan nau'in kwamfutar daban -daban, yana ba da fa'ida ga masu amfani a cikin samun wanda ke da kaddarorin da ake buƙata don takamaiman amfani, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa aka nuna halayen kowane ɗayan waɗannan samfuran a ƙasa:

Rasberi Pi 1 Model A

Ofaya daga cikin halayen Rasberi Pi shine cewa shine samfurin farko na irin wannan na'ura mai kwakwalwa, an ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 2012 wanda tallace -tallace ya fara inda ya kasance nasara a kasuwa. An dakatar da wannan ƙirar a halin yanzu, saboda tsarin ya ci gaba da haɓaka, don haka yana haɓaka wasu nau'ikan samfuran waɗanda ke da takamaiman kaddarori.

Ba ta da tashar Ethernet, saboda wannan dalili yana buƙatar adaftar USB don haɗawa zuwa cibiyar sadarwar WIFI, ita ma ta ƙunshi nau'ikan haɗin GPIO 26. A cikin ƙirar sa yana ba da fitowar bidiyo na HDMI azaman fitowar Bidiyo na RCA wanda ke ba wa mai amfani damar zaɓuɓɓuka iri -iri a cikin hangen nesa na hotuna; ofaya daga cikin manyan halayen Rasberi Pies shine haɗin Jack ɗinsa wanda girmansa shine 3,5 mm.

Kawai yana da microUSB connector wanda yayi daidai da samar da wutar lantarki na kayan aikin, an haɗa shi da mai haɗa kyamara, haɗe da ƙwaƙwalwar RAM na 256, kamar yadda Single-Core 700 MHz. zuwa Broadcom BCM2835, don haka ya dogara da 2 Amp, 5V samar da wutar lantarki don yin aiki yadda yakamata; farashin kasuwa na wannan kwamfutar ya kasance Yuro 40.

Rasberi Pi 1 Model B da B +

Mai canzawa ko ci gaba da ƙirar A ya ƙunshi samfurin Raspberry Pi 1 B, wanda a ciki yake gabatar da jerin abubuwan haɓakawa idan aka kwatanta da ƙirar da ta gabata, duk sun dogara ne akan tsarin da abubuwan da ke haɗa wannan microcomputer. Oneaya daga cikin manyan canje -canjen ta shine a cikin ƙarfin ƙwaƙwalwar RAM inda aka gabatar da ninkin girmanta na baya.

An ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 2012, daidai lokacin da ƙirar da ta gabata, wannan shine dalilin cewa canje -canjen da aka yi kawai ingantattu ne ga kaddarorin sa. Ƙwaƙwalwar RAM ɗin ta kasance 512 MB, a cikin ƙirarsa an ƙara wani tashar USB kuma babban sabon halayensa shine cewa yana da tashar jiragen ruwa don kafa haɗin RJ-45 Ethernet; amma an kiyaye girmanta don haka aka ajiye darajar kasuwarsa akan Yuro 40.

A cikin mai sarrafawa, ba a yi canje -canje ba, an kiyaye Broadcom BCM2835, kuma ba a canza tsarin hoto na wannan na'ura mai kwakwalwa ba, saboda wannan dalilin an dauke shi ingantaccen sigar, tunda kawai ya ƙara ko faɗaɗa wasu iyakokin da aka gabatar a cikin halayen Rasberi Pi yana ba da babban amfani da kayan aiki ga masu amfani don haɓaka nau'ikan shirye -shiryen kwamfuta daban -daban.

Bayan ɗan lokaci, an sake fitar da wani sabon salo, wanda ake kira B +, inda aka ajiye manyan halayensa kuma an ƙara ƙarin ƙari dangane da tashoshin USB, don haka yanzu akwai tashoshin jiragen ruwa guda huɗu don mai amfani ya fi girma. sauƙi a ƙara wasu kayan haɗi, an kuma gabatar da ƙwaƙwalwar MicroSD don haɓaka ingancin kayan aiki; Saboda waɗannan haɓakawa, an daina sigar B.

Idan kuna son ƙarin sani game da ci gaban fasaha wanda ya yi tasiri a duk duniya ta hanyar samar da ingantattun kayan aiki, to ana bada shawarar karanta labarin akan Juyin Halitta.

Rasberi Pi 2 Model B

An ƙaddamar da wannan nau'in na biyu a cikin 2014, kuma ɗayan manyan halayensa shine cewa ba shi da aiki iri ɗaya da aka yi amfani da shi a samfurin farko, wanda ya ƙunshi Broadcom BCM2835, duk da haka an kiyaye iri iri na kayan aiki kuma don sabon sigar, wanda ke da kyawawan kaddarorin kuma ya ba microcomputer sabbin fasali don faɗaɗa aikin sa na asali, don haka yayi amfani da ƙirar BCM2836.

Yana da murjani huɗu waɗanda ke inganta aikin tsarin, kasancewar sun sha bamban da ƙirar da ta gabata, tunda yana da madaidaici ɗaya kawai, gabaɗaya waɗannan murjani suna da ƙarfin MHz 900, don haka an ƙara saurin saurin tsarin, haka ma ayyukan da yake bayarwa ga masu amfani; Hakanan yana faruwa tare da RAM, wanda a cikin wannan sigar yana da damar 1 GB.

Yana amfani da tsarin hoto iri ɗaya kamar na sigar da ta gabata, wato, yana amfani da VideoCoreIV, wannan dalla -dalla yana ɗaya daga cikin kaddarorin da ba a canza ko canza su ba. Wannan tsarin yana da fil 40 na GPIO, yana riƙe da tashoshin USB guda huɗu amma yana kawar da haɗin RCA da aka gabatar a baya, duk da wannan, yana ba da mafi kyawun hanyar amfani da wannan kayan aikin don cin gajiyar kowane fa'ida da fa'idarsa.

Rasberi Pi 3 Model B da B+

An ƙaddamar da sabon ƙirar a cikin 2016, shekaru biyu bayan sigar 2 na kayan aikin, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa yake gabatar da sabbin gyare -gyare da aiki, wannan yana faruwa ne saboda kowane canje -canjen da aka yi a ƙirar sa da tsarin sa. Babban banbanci tsakanin abubuwan da aka gyara shine injin sa, wanda aka sabunta shi don sabon nau'in sabuntawa tare da babban ƙarfin aiki, ya kai har zuwa 1,20 GHz.

Wannan ƙimar ta fi ta da ta gabata, wacce ta yi daidai da 900 MHz, ita ma kamfanin Broadcom ya same ta, shi ya sa ta gabatar da Quad-Core. Ƙwaƙwalwar RAM ɗin ta shine 1 GB, wanda shine ɓangaren da nake kiyayewa daga ƙirar sa ta baya, tare da sauran kaddarorin sa, yana bawa mai amfani mafi kyawun tsarin kwamfutocin su, kamar yadda ya ba da sabbin ayyuka ta takamaiman umarnin sa.

An ƙara haɗin WIFI ba tare da yin amfani da adaftar ba, yana ba da damar samun dama ga cibiyar sadarwar ba tare da ƙarin abubuwan da aka haɗa ba, haka kuma an kafa sadarwar Bluetooth ba tare da amfani da ɓangaren adaftar ba. Godiya ga waɗannan sabbin abubuwa, wannan sigar ta kasance nasarar siyarwa a kasuwa, tana ba da sabbin damar ci gaba da sabuntawa.

Bayan shekaru biyu, an yi sabon ƙirar wannan nau'in komputa, wanda ake kira B +, an ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 2018 kuma yana wakiltar sabon sabuntawa don ƙirar B, ɗayan halayen Rasberi Pi B + shine haɗin sa zuwa cibiyar sadarwar, wacce a yanzu ta kasance mafi girman kewayo da kwanciyar hankali, ta bawa mai amfani damar cin moriyar aikin cibiyoyin sadarwa wanda ya kai ƙarfin 5 GHz na haɗin kai.

Yana da sabon nau'in processor tare da ƙarfin 1,4 GHz, wannan yana haɓaka aikin kayan aiki har ma da aiwatar da RAM da ayyukan sa na asali. Haka kuma, yana sarrafa bayanai masu yawa da mai amfani ke shiga cikin kwamfutar.Haka kuma yana sauƙaƙe ƙirƙirar shirye -shiryen kwamfuta; Yana gabatar da haɗin mara waya mara waya, yana amfani da 5 GHz a cikin canja wurin bayanai.

Yana da tashar Ethernet mai ninki uku wanda ya kai 300 MB / s, ya zarce ƙirar da ta gabata wacce ke da saurin 100 MB / s kawai. Dangane da haɗin Bluetooth, yana cikin Low Energy amma tare da sigar da aka sabunta zuwa 4.2, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙirar da ta gabata, an ba da izinin canja wuri mafi girma ta wannan hanyar godiya ga kowane gyare -gyaren ƙirar sa, yana bawa mai amfani damar suna da ƙarin ayyuka waɗanda za ku iya nema.

Rasberi Pi 3 Model A+

A cikin wannan sabon sigar Rasberi Pi an ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 2018, a cikin shekarar da samfurin B +, duk da haka wannan nau'in yana ba da ƙarancin ayyuka da fasali ga masu amfani, don haka farashinsa a kasuwa ya yi ƙasa da farashin. Yana da ƙananan ƙarfin ƙwaƙwalwar RAM kasancewa 512 MB wanda aka raba tare da Video Core IV GPU saboda yadda aka ƙera ƙirar sa.

Bugu da ƙari, tsarin sa yana ba da izinin tashar haɗin kebul guda ɗaya kawai, don haka yana iyakance adadin abubuwan da za a iya haɗawa. Ofaya daga cikin manyan halayensa shine cewa yana kula da mai sarrafa iri ɗaya, duk da haka ba shi da tashar jiragen ruwa don kafa haɗin cibiyar sadarwa, wato, mai haɗin Ethernet, wannan dalla -dalla yana da matukar mahimmanci a lokacin da kuke son samun ɗaya a kasuwa.

Rasberi Pi 4 Model B

Tare da wannan sabon ƙirar, an yi gyare -gyare da sabuntawa da yawa ga tsarin da abubuwan da aka haɗa, an ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 2019 a watan Yuni kuma babban halayensa ko gyare -gyaren da aka aiwatar a cikin ƙirarsa shine cewa wannan ƙirar tana da tashar jiragen ruwa guda biyu microHDMI, ɗaya daga cikin fa'idodi shine cewa ana iya amfani da shi don kula da allon 4K guda biyu tare da mita na 60 Hz.

Yana da tashar USB 3.0 kasancewar sigar sabuntawa idan aka kwatanta da ƙirar da ta gabata, wannan yana bawa mai amfani damar samun ingantaccen aiki tare da sauran abubuwan waje, yana kuma da tashar Ethernet don kafa haɗin keɓaɓɓiyar hanyar sadarwa ba tare da iyakan 300 ba. MB kuma ta hanyar injininta kayan aiki suna aiki tare da babban matakin aiwatarwa, don haka tsarin kwamfuta baya gabatar da wata matsala a cikin aiwatarwa.