Sigogin Linux San kowannensu!

Wannan tsarin aiki yana ɗaya daga cikin mashahuran duniya, amma kun taɓa yin mamakin nawa Sigogin Linux sun wanzu har zuwa yau? A nan za ku sami amsar!

Menene Linux?

Linux tushen budewa ne, tsarin aiki irin na Unix. An ƙirƙira su ta hanyar haɗuwa da ayyuka daban -daban, inda GNU ya yi fice, wanda ɗan shirye -shiryen Amurka Richard Stallman ke jagoranta hannu tare da Gidauniyar Software Kyauta, wannan tushe yana da niyyar yada Software na Kyauta, ban da kernel na tsarin aiki wanda aka sani da "Linux", Mai shirya shirye -shiryen Faransa Linus Torvalds, ɗalibin kimiyyar kwamfuta.

A cikin 1991 ya ƙirƙiri Linux kuma cikin sauri ya sami hankalin ƙarin masu haɓakawa, waɗanda ke amfani da ra'ayoyin Open Source Software, suka ƙirƙiri ingantaccen tsarin aiki.

An haifi wannan ra'ayin a Helsinki, babban birnin Finland. Saboda Torvalds ya sami damar zuwa sabobin Unix, daga jami'arsa. Tsarin da ya yi amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar kwayarsa shine "Minix".

Kamar kowane halitta mai nasara, wannan aikin kawai don amfanin mutum ne, inda Torvalds yayi tunani game da ta'aziyyarsa lokacin amfani da kwamfutarsa.

Babban fasali na GNU Software /Linux Su ne masu biyowa:

• Babban fasalin Linux shine software ce mai buɗewa ko “Open Source”
• Gabaɗaya kyauta ne kuma dole ne ku sauke shi daga mai siyar da intanet.
• Wani fasali da ya yi fice shine "Multitasking Preferential" tunda shine kawai tsarin aiki wanda ke da wannan kayan aiki, wanda ke ba da damar amfani da aikace -aikace da yawa a lokaci guda, ba tare da tsangwama tsakanin su ba. Ba kamar kayan aikin Windows da ake kira "Multitasking Cooperative" ba.
• Wani mahimmin ma'anar Linux shine cewa kowane nau'in cibiyoyin sadarwa na iya aiki tare da madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya, wannan kuma yana ba da fa'ida a cikin damar intanet.
• Bayan batun da ya gabata, godiya ga wannan, zamu iya juya PC ɗin mu zuwa uwar garke, tare da ƙarancin farashi fiye da na yau da kullun.
• Linux Ba a ɗauki cikinsa azaman tsarin šaukuwa ba, amma a yau a zahiri duk rarraba shi.
• Tsarin Linux Yana da duk abubuwan da aka tsara don haɓaka ingantattun shirye -shirye da software ta amfani da harsunan: "C", "C ++", "ObjectiveC", "Pascal", "Fortran", "BASIC", da sauransu. Wannan yana fifita yanayin masu haɓakawa.
• “Mai amfani da yawa” wani babban halayensa ne, wanda ya sanya shi inda yake a halin yanzu, tsakanin wasu, yana bawa masu amfani daban-daban damar samun albarkatu iri ɗaya ba tare da tsangwama ba.
• Babban tsaronsa wani fasali ne wanda ke sanya shi da kyau, wannan yana tare da gudummawar haɗin gwiwar masu haɓakawa da yawa.
• A ƙarshe amma ba kalla ba, Linux ana iya daidaita shi da kowane na'ura. Kyakkyawan misali shine tsarin Android, wanda shima rarrabawa ne LinuxZa mu ga wannan daga baya.

Tsarin tsari na sigogin Linux da ke wanzu har zuwa yau.

A "Distro" azaman juzu'in Linux, kawai ɗaya ne daga cikin tsarin tsarin GNU /Linux Ya ƙunshi kunshin shirye -shirye, gwargwadon buƙatun halittarsa. Anan mun sami jerin Distro da aka ba da umarnin lokaci -lokaci.

Yana da mahimmanci a fayyace cewa ba a ƙara juzu'in ba, cewa ba a tallafa musu ko ayyukan ne amma ba su ci gaba ba. Wannan don adana lokaci, tunda idan an ƙara duka za a sami nau'ikan 800 na Linux 

Wancan ya ce, tun lokacin da Linus Torvalds ya ƙirƙiri tsarin aikinsa kawai don nishaɗi a cikin 1991, masu haɗin gwiwa sun isa kuma an haifi sigar farko:

1. Linux 0.12: Shine farkon na Sigogin Linux a duniya, wanda ya kirkiro shi shine HJ Lu a 1992. Dole ne a yi shigarwa da faifan diski guda biyu, ɗayan yana da alhakin Booting kwamfutar, ɗayan kuma don Rooting. Domin tsari ya kammala cikin nasara, ana buƙatar kwamfutar don samun editan nau'in hexadecimal.
2. MCC na wucin gadi Linux: Tsohuwar rarraba Linux ce da aka ɓullo da ita a Cibiyar Kwamfuta ta Manchester, kuma a cikin 1992. Mahaliccinta shine Owen Le Blanc, kuma ya yi fice don kasancewa sigar farko da za a iya shigar da kanta a kan kowace kwamfuta. An rarraba shi a bainar jama'a akan sabar FTP a Cibiyar Kwarewa ta Manchester.
3. Tami Linux: Bayan 'yan watanni bayan haka a cikin 1992, sabon sigar Linux wanda ya haɓaka a Texas A&M tare da Unix da Linux Ƙungiyar Mai amfani. Wannan sigar ita ce ta farko da ta bayar da windows iri -iri a cikin tsarin fiye da editan rubutu kawai.
4. softlanding Linux Tsarin (SLS): An saki wannan rarraba kusan a lokaci ɗaya da na baya (Tamu Linux), amma ya bambanta da cewa ya kafa harsashin mafi kyawun sigogin Linux cewa a halin yanzu mun sani. Ya dogara ne akan MCC Interim Linux kuma mahaliccinsa shine Peter McDonald. 2 na Linux Distros wanda har yanzu yana kan tushen SLS, waɗannan sune "Debian" da "Slackware".
5. Slackware: Wannan sigar ta fito ne a tsakiyar shekara ta 92, kuma tun lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da ita har kusan ƙarshen shekarun 90 ta mamaye kasuwar Software. Dangane da Softlanding Linux Systems da sauran sigogin da aka ambata a sama, wannan shine mafi tsufa wanda har yanzu yana kan aiki kuma yana karɓar sabuntawa.
6. YGGDRASIL: An haɓaka shi a cikin kamfanin Adam J. Ritcher a jihar California, shi ne Distro na farko da CD ROM ya rarraba: Shi ne kuma na farko da za a iya saitawa ta amfani da Plug and Play. An ƙaddamar da shi a ƙarshen 1992 ta Yggdrasil Computing Inc.
7. Debian: Haɗuwa daga tsakiyar 1993, wannan ya kasance ɗayan Sigogin Linux  mafi ƙarfi, kuma cewa tare da wucewar shekaru yana ci gaba da sabuntawa. Kamar yadda aka fada a baya, shi ma ya dogara ne akan SLS kuma mai haɓaka shi shine Ian Murdock. An samo shi ta CD-ROM kuma an saukar da shi akan layi. Ana iya cewa wannan sigar tana nuna alamar kafin da bayan a cikin tarihin Linux, da yawa wasu distros suna dogara ne akan Debian. Wannan manhaja tana da fa’ida sosai saboda ta dace da kwamfutoci iri -iri kuma ana samun su cikin yaruka da yawa.
8. Red Hat Linux: Yana ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin juzu'i, kuma har yanzu yana aiki a yau, kodayake a ƙarƙashin wani suna daban bayan haɗe da Fedora. Kamfanin Red Hat ne ke da alhakin ƙaddamar da shi a 1994, yana ɗaya daga cikin fewan sifofin kasuwanci. Bayan hadewa a cikin 2003, yana aiki a ƙarƙashin sunan Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Ya fara yin amfani da kayan aikin sarrafa kayan kunshin software, kuma ya shimfida tushe don juzu'in da za a bi don aiwatar da shi.
9. Mandrake ko Mandriva Linux: An sake shi a cikin 1998 kuma an kafa shi akan Red Hat Linux, an umarce shi da jama'a da kwamfutoci don amfanin kansa. Shi ne tsarin da ya fi dacewa da masu farawa da mafi yawa. Wanda ya kirkiro shi shine Co-kafa kamfanin MandrakeSoft na Faransa, Gael Duval.
10. Itacen inabi Linux: Wannan sigar ce da aka haɓaka don Jafananci, cokali ne na Red Hat kuma VineCaves ne ke tallafawa. Ya fara haɓaka a cikin 1998 kuma a cikin 2000 an sake shi ga jama'a.
11. ELKS: Tsarin rayuwa ne wanda ke ɗauka ba tare da abubuwan da suka faru ba Linux, An tsara shi don kwamfutoci masu ƙarancin gine -gine, misali ragowa 16. A baya an san shi da Linux-8086, kuma ya fara aiki a 99.
12. Karen Yellow: Distro ne daga 1999, wanda aka haɓaka kusan lokaci guda tare da Red Hat Linux kuma bisa kanta. Amma wannan ya bambanta da cewa yayi aiki daidai akan kwamfutocin Power PC.
13. ElinOS: Yana ɗaya daga cikin Sigogin Linux tare da aikace -aikacen masana'antu kuma hakan yayi aiki a cikin Kwamfutocin Mai watsa shiri. Duk fakitinsa tushen buɗewa ne, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa sakinsa a 99 babban ci gaba ne.

Sigogin Linux daga shekara ta 2000

1. SmoothWall: An ƙaddamar da wannan distro a kasuwa a cikin 2000 kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun Firewalls na wancan lokacin. Tunda yayi aiki ba kawai azaman amintaccen sabis a cikin cibiyoyin sadarwa ba, amma kuma yayi aiki azaman uwar garke.
2. CRUX Linux: Yana ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan ƙarancin ƙarancin Linux na farko, wanda aka ɗauka don masu haɓakawa kuma mai sauƙi. An sake shi a cikin 2001 kuma har yanzu yana aiki akan kernel Linux. Sabuntawar sa wasu masu haɓakawa ne a cikin jama'ar CRUX.
3. Skolelinux: Wannan distro kuma ana kiranta da DebianEdu, wato, sigar ilimi ce ta Debian wacce aka saki a 2001. Anyi tunanin tamkar wata hanya ce ga makarantu a Norway, don sauƙaƙe tsarin koyo na ɗalibai da yanayin kimantawar malami.
4. PA-RISC Linux: Distro ne mai sauƙi wanda aka ƙaddamar a cikin 2001, tare da manufar kwamfutoci tare da masu sarrafa PA-RISC zasu iya jin daɗin tsarin kernel na Linux.
5. Arch Linux: A cikin 2002 Judd Vinet kuma an kafa shi akan Crux. A saboda wannan dalili, shi ma ɗan ƙaramin Distro ne, wanda aka san shi da ƙara ƙarin aikace -aikace zuwa shigarwa. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin na farko don karɓar sabuntawa ta atomatik akan layi.
6. KNOPPIX: Rarrabawar Jamusawa ce tare da ginshiƙi LinuxDaga tsarin Open Source, ana iya ɗauka ɗari bisa ɗari kuma ana iya ɗauka akan CD ko akan pendrive, sannan akan DVD. A cikin 2002 Klaus Knopper ne ya haɓaka shi, ya dogara da Debian Distro don ƙirƙirar wannan sigar. Halinsa shine cewa yana kula da yanayin tebur kyauta, wanda aka sani da LXDE.
7. Gentoo Linux: Ba a ƙaddamar da wannan distro a hukumance ba, duk da haka, yana aiki a ƙarƙashin sunan Gentoo tun 2002. Sunanta yana nufin Papua penguin, la'akari da cewa mascot ɗin tsarin tsuntsu ne na irin wannan. Wannan distro yana dacewa cikin sauƙi da sauri ga kowane gine -gine kuma aikinsa yana da inganci sosai, ya fi dacewa ga gogaggen masu amfani da fakitin rubutu.
8. Oracle Linux: Wannan distro ya fara aiki azaman tsarin tallafi ga masu amfani da Linux na Red Hat na Oracle a cikin 2002. Tun da yayi aiki sosai, bayan 'yan shekaru sai ya zama distro guda. A halin yanzu, sabobin kamar IBM, Dell, Cisco da HP sun tabbatar da shi. Ana iya samunsa kyauta akan layi daga gidan yanar gizon Oracle.
9. Clear OS: Wannan rarraba Linux ya fito a cikin 2002, kuma shi ma yana kan Red Hat. Kodayake kuma yana da wasu fakitin CentOS. A farkon 2002 wannan distro an san shi da Clark Conect kuma an tsara shi don ƙananan kamfanoni masu ayyukan sabar.
10. Connochaet OS: A cikin 2002 an san shi da Deli Linux, amma daga baya an sake fasalta ta bisa Salix da Slackware, da za a kira Connochaet OS. Hankalinsa ya ta'allaka ne akan tsofaffi ko ƙarancin albarkatun kwamfuta, suma suna la'akari da yanayin zamani na lokacin. Duk da koma bayan da wannan Distro ya gabatar, tun daga 2016 ya sami sabbin abubuwan da ba a katsewa ba.
11. lunar Linux: An sake shi a farkon 2002, ƙarƙashin kernel Linux da lambar tushe. Ya yi fice saboda ya yi daidai da bukatun masu amfani, shi ma yana da farawa mai sauƙi tare da fakiti ba tare da rikitarwa ba. Wata Linux shi ne madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin aiki wanda ke aiki akan tsarin X86 da X86-64 kamar haka.
12. Sabis na SME: A tsakiyar 2002 kusan, an sanya wannan sigar a kasuwa, tun kafin ta bi ta masu daban daban. Kamar yadda ake tsammani da sunansa, wannan software tana ba da sabis na tashoshin tashoshin sadarwa, wanda aka fi sani da bawa.
13. Source Mage: A baya ana kiranta "Boka", mai dubawa da tsarin aiki yana nufin sihiri da sihiri, amma a cikin shirye -shiryen PC. Asiri a gefe, wannan distro yana ba da mafi kyawun sarrafa kwamfuta idan aka kwatanta da sauran sigogi, wanda na iya zama kamar sihiri. Tun da sihiri ba komai bane illa yawan umarni, wannan software maimakon yin rabawa tare da binary, yana sanya su tare da lambar tushe; Wannan shine dalilin da yasa masu haɓakawa suka fito da wannan suna.
14. vector Linux: Wannan distro ne wanda ke da asalin Linux, yana dacewa da kowane tsarin kwamfuta kuma yana nufin matsakaicin masu amfani. Its dubawa ne da kyau yi kazalika da mai hoto kashi. Mahaliccinsa shine Robert S. Lange, wanda Slackware ya yi wahayi zuwa ga ci gabanta. A yau, yawancin masu goyon baya ne ke kula da wannan tallafin, waɗanda ke sa ya ci gaba da aiki.
15. Freeduc: Wani iri ne na musamman wanda aka ƙaddamar akan kasuwa ta "Organization for Free Software in Education and Teaching". Ya dogara da Knoppix da Debian don haɓaka CD-Rom mai ɗorawa tare da keɓaɓɓiyar hanyar sadarwa. An kirkiro wannan software a sarari don dalilai na ilimi.
16. Linux daga Scratch: Wannan distro, kamar na baya, don dalilai ne na ilimi, amma an mai da hankali ne akan waɗancan masu haɓakawa waɗanda ke son koyan yadda ake ƙirƙirar tsarin nasu. Wannan distro ɗin kuma ya haɗa da littafin Gerard Beekmans, inda ya yi bayani dalla -dalla yadda za a tallafa wa abubuwan da ke cikin PC ɗin don su haɗu cikin gamsuwa da tsarin. An kuma gabatar da shi a cikin shekarar 2002.
17. Black Panther: An ƙirƙiri wannan distro don Hungary a cikin 2002, ya dogara ne akan Mandriva kuma mahaliccinsa shine Charles Barcza. Tun daga 2003, duk sabuntawar ta zo tare da sunaye waɗanda suka yi fice don fifikon su: Inuwa, Duhu, Matattu Masu Tafiya, Kashe Shiru, da sauransu.
18. PLD Linux: Wannan Distro clone ne na Debian amma an ƙirƙira shi kuma ga mutanen Poland. Wannan sigar tana aiki ga kowace kwamfuta, babban yarenta shine Yaren mutanen Poland amma kuma ana iya amfani da ita cikin Ingilishi.
19. Caixa Magica: Wannan distro na Fotigal ne, shi ya sa Fotigal ya fi yawa. Kodayake daidai yake da Debian, sannan an ƙara fakitin SUSE, sigar da ta shahara a duniya. Software ce ta amfanin jama'a kuma ba ta da takamaiman umarni don ayyukan ci gaba.
20. Tsaro na Phayoune Linux: Yana daya daga cikin 'yan distros na Thai Linux wanda aka sake shi don shekara ta 2002. Ya ƙunshi manyan fasali na sabar yanar gizo, Tacewar zaɓi da sauran manyan samfura waɗanda aka haɗa don dalilai na kamfani. Ya dogara ne akan Fedora da Linux daga karce. Goyan bayan duk wani gine -gine.
21. DIET-PC: software ce mai buɗewa wacce ke ba da dama ga masu haɓakawa daban-daban don ƙirƙirar abokan ciniki na bakin ciki ko tare da dalilai na musamman, musamman don tsarin x86. Wannan distro yana aiki tun 2002. Don amfani da shi dole ne ku sami ƙwarewar shirye -shirye kuma ku sani Linux 
22. MontVista Linux: An sake shi a cikin 2002 kuma an kafa shi akan Kernel of Linux Wannan distro yana ba ku damar haɓaka tsarin da aka haɗa don kayan aikin da aka saba amfani da su, misali, masu sarrafa wayar salula.
23. uClinux: Wannan distro yana ba mu damar ɗaukar Kernel na Linux zuwa kwamfutocin da ba su da na’urar ƙwaƙwalwa. Yana da aikin da aka saka na Linux, kuma yana taimakawa aikin kernel akan wayoyi, DVDs, iPods, da microprocessor mara kyau.
24. BioLinux: Distro ne mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi tare da manyan ɗakunan karatu akan shirye -shirye, an sake shi a cikin 2002.
25. GeexBox: Distro kadan daga Linux, An ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 2002 kuma manufarsa ita ce ta juyar da komputa zuwa mai kunna multimedia.
26. tunani Linux: Wannan distro yana ba mu damar ƙirƙirar hotunan taya don kwamfutoci daga muryoyin su.
27. Floppyfw: Wannan distro yana aiki don saita Tacewar zaɓi a cikin ƙananan hanyoyin sadarwar kamfanoni. Ya fito a 2002.
28. Dyne Bolic: Wannan distro an mai da hankali ne akan sake kunnawa da yawa, kama da GeexBox.
29. LTSP: Distro ne tare da manyan fakiti iri -iri waɗanda ke ba mu damar aiwatarwa Linux akan ƙananan kwamfutoci masu iya aiki.

Wasu Distros na Linux wanda ba za a iya barin shi ba tare da ambaton sune: Fedora, Cent OS, PC Linux OS, wanda aka saki tsakanin 2002 da 2003.

Idan kun ga wannan labarin yana da amfani, kada ku yi shakka ku ziyarci labarinmu mai alaƙa  fasali na Linux