Tun zamanin da, sadarwa ta kasance babbar jigon ci gaban fannoni daban -daban na al'umma. Fasaha ba haka bane. Tun lokacin da aka fara amfani da kwamfuta, an sami ci gaba a ciki tashoshin sadarwa, waɗanda ke haɗa ɗan adam da kwamfuta.
Tashar sadarwa
Kafin a fayyace menene tashoshin sadarwa, yana da mahimmanci mu san ɗan tarihinsa. Dangane da aikin komputa, mutum na iya magana game da ƙarni shida na kwamfutoci. Na farkon waɗannan yana tsakanin ƙarshen 1940s da tsakiyar 1950. Duk da haka, ba sai bayan 'yan shekaru ba ne aka yi ƙoƙarin gaske don inganta shigar da fitar bayanai. Saboda waɗannan ƙoƙarin, iri -iri iri -iri tashoshin sadarwa.
Definition
da tashoshin sadarwa sune waɗancan hanyoyin, ko hanyoyin, waɗanda ke ba da damar haɗin tsakanin kwamfuta da duniyar waje. Ta hanyar dubawa, wanda kuma ake kira matsakaicin allo, kwamfutar tana karɓar bayanai daga abubuwan da ke kewaye da shi. A wasu lokuta, wannan bayanan, da zarar an sarrafa shi, ana iya mayar da shi ga na'urorin da aka ce. Saboda kammala wannan tsari, tashoshin sadarwa ana kuma kiran su Input / Output ko Input / Output ports.
Don wannan tsari ya yi nasara, dole ne a haɗa kwamfutarka da abubuwan da ke tsakanin su da juna. Ana samun wannan ta hanyar layin dijital ko rukunin igiyoyi, waɗanda ke yin bas.
Función
Farawa daga ma'anar, ana iya fahimtar cewa aikin tashoshin sadarwa shine yin aiki azaman hanyar haɗi, ba da damar bayanai su gudana tsakanin na'urar da kwamfutar, ko akasin haka.
Ayyukan
Bisa ga ma'anar tashoshin sadarwa, za a iya saita halaye masu zuwa:
- Akwai iri biyu na masu haɗawa: mace da namiji. Namiji yana da fil wanda ta hanyar sa ake watsa bayanai. Mace ba ta da fil, amma ramuka. Waɗannan sun yi daidai da adadin injunan injin da mahaɗin maza ke da su.
- Suna nan a kan mahaifiyar kowace kwamfuta.
- Su ne hanyar haɗi ko wurin haɗawa tare da na'urorin waje.
- Ta amfani da siginar lantarki, suna ba da izinin kwararar bayanai zuwa da daga kwamfutar.
- Galibi ana samun su a bayan kwamfutar. Koyaya, a yau, an saba samun wasu daga cikinsu a gabanta.
An yi da yawa tashoshin sadarwa da suka wanzu, sakamakon sauye -sauye da ci gaban fasaha da lantarki. Koyaya, a halin yanzu, muna da masu zuwa:
Tashar jiragen ruwa
Wannan nau'in haɗin yana da sunan ta hanyar yadda take watsa bayanai: ɗaya bayan ɗaya, ɗaya bayan ɗaya. Ma’ana, watsawa ta zama serial kuma tana faruwa ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa guda ɗaya. Saboda haka, babban rauninsa shi ne jinkirin.
Gabaɗaya, akwai su biyu a kan motherboard, waɗanda ake kira COM 1 da COM 2. Dukansu suna a bayan mahaifiyar. Koyaya, akwai wasu allon da ke karɓar fiye da nau'ikan tashar jiragen ruwa guda biyu.
Saboda girman su, akwai fil 9 ko 25. Mafi yawan nau'in shine D-sub, wanda ke ɗaukar siginar RS-232 ta hanyar wayoyi masu sauƙi.
Yarda haɗin modem na waje, madannai da mice. Bugu da ƙari, yana aiki azaman adaftar don samun damar sadarwa kwamfutoci da yawa da juna.
a layi daya
Kamar yadda sunansa yake nunawa, yana watsa bayanai ta hanyar tashoshi masu layi daya. Ko menene iri ɗaya, yana canja wurin ragowa da yawa lokaci guda, ta layin sadarwa fiye da ɗaya. Wannan fasalin yana sanya shi sauri fiye da tashar jiragen ruwa.
Tashar jiragen ruwa mai daidaitawa ita ce mai haɗa nau'in mata kuma tana da fil 25. An samo shi a bayan kwamfutar, kuma akan wasu samfura a ƙasan tashar linzamin kwamfuta.
Saboda saukinsa, firinta shine mafi mahimmancin misalin irin wannan mai haɗawa. A zahiri, wani lokacin ana kiransa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Centronic da sunan mai haɗawa a gefen firintar. Hakanan yana ba da damar haɗin na'urar daukar hotan takardu.
Akwai sauran tashoshin jiragen ruwa a layi ɗaya, waɗanda ba a amfani da su sosai, waɗanda ke ba da damar haɗin faifai da faifan CD da DVD.
Tashar USB
Tashar sadarwa ce mafi kyau. Hakanan ana kiranta tashar jiragen ruwa ta duniya, don saukin amfani da kuma saboda tana da nau'in kebul da mai haɗawa, ba tare da la'akari da aikin da yake yi ba. Tare da isowarsa, an daidaita daidaiton abubuwan da ke kewaye.
Ta wannan hanyar, daga asalin sa, ya kori tashoshin serial da layi daya. Yana iya haɗawa da kusan kowane nau'in keɓaɓɓiyar waje, kamar: firinta, keyboard, linzamin kwamfuta, rumbun kwamfutarka na waje kuma, a yau, har ma da wayoyin hannu. Haɗin tare da nau'ikan na'urori na USB iri -iri baya shafar saurin sa ko aikin sa. Misalin irin wannan na’ura ita ce firinta, wacce ita kuma abin dubawa ne da kwafi.
Yana aiki azaman toshe da wasa, wato, haɗin haɗin haɗin da ake haɗawa ana gane shi ta atomatik lokacin da aka sake kunna kwamfutar. Wannan yana nufin cewa ba lallai bane a haɗa da cire shi ta hanyar kashe kayan aikin. Wannan ita ce babbar fa'idarsa akan tashoshin jiragen ruwa da suka gabata, baya ga babban gudun da yake watsa bayanai da shi.
A ka'idar, ana iya kafa haɗin haɗin kai guda 127 tare da shi, duk suna aiki daga kwamfuta ɗaya.
A zahiri, shi ne ƙaramin tashar jiragen ruwa a bayan kwamfutar. Haɗin kai ɗaya ne, tare da fil guda huɗu, kodayake akwai yuwuwar haɗaɗɗen haɗin don fiye da ɗaya haɗi.
Mai haɗa PS-2
A yau, ita ce madaidaiciyar hanyar haɗin maɓalli da mice. Yana da haɗin haɗi mai yawa, wanda ake tsammanin za a maye gurbinsa gaba ɗaya ta tashoshin USB.
Yana da fil guda shida kuma yana kan bayan kwamfutar. Gabaɗaya, akwai masu haɗin wannan nau'in guda biyu, waɗanda aka bambanta da launinsu. Saboda ƙa'idodin masana'antu, ana amfani da tashar shunayya don madannai kuma ana amfani da tashar kore don linzamin kwamfuta.
Duk masu haɗin haɗin duka iri ɗaya ne, idan ana musanya su a cikin haɗin su, babu lalacewar kayan aikin. Duk da haka, ba a ba da shawarar ba.
Mai ba da RJ-45
An san shi da sunan mai haɗin Ethernet, kuma tun farko an ƙera shi don biyan bukatun hanyoyin sadarwa na yanki. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da shi lokacin da kwamfutar ba ta jituwa da cibiyoyin sadarwa mara waya, ko kuma lokacin da ba mu da hanyar sadarwar Wi-Fi.
Babban halayensa shine cewa ana watsa bayanai ta hanyar nau'in band ɗin da aka karɓa da shi, wato, watsawarsa ita ce baseband. Haɗin yana da aminci da kwanciyar hankali fiye da wanda kebul ɗin coaxial ke samarwa. Hakanan yana ba da babban aiki fiye da yawancin haɗin mara waya.
Ba shi da takamaiman wuri a cikin motherboard. Koyaya, ya zama gama gari a same shi sama da masu haɗin RCA, a bayan kwamfutar. Gabaɗaya, motherboard yana da irin wannan tashar jiragen ruwa guda ɗaya.
RCA mai haɗawa
Shine mai haɗawa da aka keɓe don nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan abubuwan gani na gani. Ya ƙunshi masu haɗin maza da mata guda biyu, waɗanda za a iya ganewa ta launinsu. Ana amfani da rawaya don bidiyo mai haɗawa, ja don tashar sauti ta gefen dama. A cikin tsarin sitiriyo, launi baƙar fata ne ko fari don tashar gefen hagu. Babban hasararsa shine ana buƙatar kebul daban don kowane nau'in siginar da ake fitarwa.
Waɗannan abubuwan haɗin suna kan bayan mahaifiyar. Bidiyo a cikin ramin katin bidiyo da sauti a cikin ramin katin sauti.
Mai haɗa VGA
Ya yi kama da tashar serial, amma maimakon fil yana da ramuka, an haɗa su cikin layuka uku. Tashar tashar sadarwa ce ta yau da kullun, ta inda ake haɗa mai saka idanu da katin bidiyo na kwamfuta. Hakanan yana nan a cikin majigi da manyan talabijin.
Wataƙila, rashin tallafi daga wasu na'urori masu sarrafawa shine dalilin da yasa aka maye gurbinsa da masu haɗin nau'in DVI ko HDMI.
Kodayake yana kan bayan mahaifiyar, takamaiman wurin ya dogara da ƙirar motherboard. Mafi na kowa shine a same shi a ƙarƙashin tashar jiragen ruwa.
Mai haɗa DVI
Ya zama magajin tashar tashar VGA na analog na fasaha, kuma masu haɗin HDMI sun maye gurbinsu. Yana watsa siginar bidiyo na dijital ba tare da asarar bayanai ba, ta hanyar haɗa ta zuwa allon LCD na mai saka idanu. Wannan yana nufin cewa hoton baya rasa inganci yayin fitarsa. Waɗannan na iya zama ɗaya ko biyu hanyoyin haɗi.
Mai haɗa HDMI
Yana ba da damar haɗin na'urori masu watsa shirye -shirye masu ƙima, wanda ya haifar da sauƙin sauƙaƙe mai haɗa DVI. A zahiri, yana da asalin asalin bayyanar HD da Cikakken ƙudurin hoto, waɗanda suka fi DVI kyau.
Yana kan motherboard kuma, a lokaci guda, akan katin ƙirar kwamfuta.
Tashar wuta
Babban halayensa shine canja wurin babban adadin bayanai cikin sauri. Yana ba da damar warware haɗin kai da matsalolin saurin gudu, har yanzu yana cikin tashar USB 1.
An haɗa kyamarorin bidiyo da kayan bidiyo zuwa wannan tashar jiragen ruwa, suna ba da damar haɗi da musayar bidiyon dijital. Ana samo shi a kan mahaifiyar kwamfutar, amma akwai nau'ikan su da yawa, gwargwadon mai kera su.
Mai haɗa IrDA
Babban fasalinsa shine ikon haɗi mara waya. Gabaɗaya, ana amfani da shi a cikin kayan aiki mai ɗaukar hoto. An fara shi azaman nau'in haɗin infrared, amma ba da daɗewa ba aka maye gurbinsa da na'urorin bluetooh. Wannan ya faru ne saboda yadda yake aiki, ana buƙatar abubuwan da ke ƙasa da nisan mita ɗaya da juna.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa duk tashoshin sadarwa da aka bayyana anan suna nufin tashar jiragen ruwa ta zahiri. Duk da haka, ya zama dole a ambaci wanzuwar tashoshin jiragen ruwa.
Virtual mashigai
Babban aikinsa shine raba amfani da aikace -aikacen cibiyar sadarwa da sabis waɗanda ke gudana lokaci guda akan kwamfuta. Yana ba da damar zirga -zirgar bayanai mai shigowa ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa, mafi sauƙi ga aikace -aikace.
Sanya tashar tashar yanar gizo mai amfani yana da amfani lokacin da kwamfutar ba ta da tashoshin kayan masarufi, ko lokacin da wanda yake da shi bai isa ba. Amfani da shi yana rage yawan igiyoyin da aka haɗa da kwamfutar.
Da fatan za a nemi cikakkun bayanai kowane ɗayan tashoshin sadarwa, za a iya kammala wadannan:
ƘARUWA
Bayan nazarin mahimman fannoni, yana nufin tashoshin sadarwa, kuna samun masu zuwa:
- da tashoshin sadarwa su ne hanyoyin da ake samun haɗin tsakanin kwamfuta da kusan kowane irin na’urar gefe. Mafi yawan haɗin haɗin ana bayar da su ta firinta, keyboard, linzamin kwamfuta, modem na waje, da sauransu.
- Tashar jiragen ruwa na serial suna kula da saurin saurin haɗi zuwa firintar waje da modem.
- Jiragen ruwa masu daidaitawa, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, suna ba da damar haɗi tsakanin na'urori da yawa a lokaci guda. A nan za ku ga yadda haɗa masu saka idanu biyu zuwa kwamfutar tafi -da -gidanka
- Tashar jiragen ruwa na USB sune mafi yawan masu amfani da sauri da haɗin kai, suna ba da damar haɗin na'urori 127 lokaci guda.
- Tashar jiragen ruwa na PS-2 sune mahimman abubuwan haɗin kai don haɗa maɓallan maɓalli da beraye.
- Haɗin RJ-45 ya keɓance don haɗin hanyoyin sadarwar Intanet na gida.
- An tsara mai haɗa RCA don haɗawa da na'urorin gani da ido.
- Mai haɗin VGA yana haɗa katin ƙirar kwamfuta zuwa mai saka idanu.
- Mai haɗawa na DVI yana ba da damar ɗaukar hoto da cikakken amfani.
- Haɗin HDMI yana nufin babban ma'anar bidiyo da watsa sauti.
- Tashar Firewire tana ba da damar haɗin na'urorin bidiyo zuwa kwamfutar.
- Haɗin IrDA, a halin yanzu ba a amfani dashi, ana amfani dashi don sadarwar infrared.
A ƙarshe, muna ba da wasu shawarwari don haɓaka amfani da tashoshin sadarwa.
Shawara
- Mafi yawan tashoshin sadarwa suna da sauƙin amfani. Don haka, dole ne a kula sosai lokacin haɗa su don gujewa lalata fil.
- Kafin haɗa tashoshin jiragen ruwa zuwa kwamfutar, dole ne mu bincika cewa ba ta da kuzari.
- Don tabbatar da saurin gudu a cikin aikin tashar jiragen ruwa, kamar kebul, ana ba da shawarar yin sabunta lokaci -lokaci.
- Idan ba mu san babban bayanin fasaha da cikakkun bayanai na kowane ɗayan ba tashoshin sadarwa. Kafin yanke shawarar sayan ku, ya fi dacewa ku nemi taimako na musamman.