Uyazi ukuthi ungakwazi susa igciwane ku-PC ngaphandle kokufomatha? Kulesi sihloko sizokukhombisa izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokwenza kahle, ngaphandle kokuthola ukulahleka kolwazi okucasulayo.
Indlela ephumelelayo yokuvikela imininingwane.
Susa igciwane ku-PC ngaphandle kokufometha
Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi kanjani susa igciwane ku-PC ngaphandle kokufomatha, usendaweni efanele, ngoba lapha sizokutshela ukuthi ungayifinyelela kanjani ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa imininingwane. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokungena endabeni, kubalulekile ukuthi sikhumbule ezinye izici eziyisisekelo ezihambisanayo, yilezi:
igciwane
Ngokuvamile, singasho ukuthi igciwane lekhompyutha luhlelo, noma ingxenye yalo, olwenzelwe ngokukhethekile ukudala ukulimala ngamabomu ekusebenzeni kwekhompyutha. Ngokwengeziwe, umsebenzi wawo ukukhiqiza kabusha nokusabalalisa ngendlela esheshayo, ngendlela yokuthi kungatheleleka inani elikhulu lezinto ezikuhlelo olufanayo lwekhompyutha.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngaphezu kwamagciwane, sineTrojans, okuluhlobo lwekhodi enonya efuna ukulimaza ikhompyutha ngokungaqondile. Ngamanye amagama, baba ngumlamuleli phakathi kwekhompyutha enegciwane kanye nekhompyutha; banamandla okusabalalisa ngokusungulwa kwamakhophi ahlukahlukene.
Ngemininingwane engaphezulu ngalesi sihloko esibalulekile, ungafunda i-athikili enesihloko esithi: Amagciwane amahlanu ayingozi kakhulu emlandweni, lapho uzothola khona yonke imininingwane mayelana nomunye wabo.
Ama-virus: Uhlelo olwenzelwe ukudala umonakalo ekusebenzeni kwamakhompyutha.
Ukuvela kwamagciwane
Ngokuvamile, amagciwane ekhompyutha avele ekuqaleni kwawo-80, ngemuva nje kokwethulwa ngokusemthethweni kwama-computer abo. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi amagciwane okuqala kwakuyizilingo zobuchwepheshe, inhloso yawo kwakuwukukhombisa ithalente labadali babo.
Mayelana nalokhu, selokhu aqala ukusebenza, amagciwane ekhompyutha aqhathaniswa namagciwane egciwane, ikakhulukazi ukukwazi kwawo ukuzala nokusabalala ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, umqondo wohlelo olufakwe ngamakhodi ngolimi oluthile lohlelo, olukwaziyo ukudala umonakalo omkhulu kumakhompyutha, usabalale ngokushesha emhlabeni wonke.
Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni edlule umhlaba wabona ukuthi ikhodi enonya yayindala kunalokho obekucatshangwa ngaphambili. Ukuqaphela ngaleso sikhathi ubukhona bangaphambilini bephrojekthi ebizwa ngokuthi: Uhlelo lokuhlola lweCreeper, oluthathwa njengolwandulela amagciwane ekhompyutha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminyakeni eyishumi efanayo yama-80 kube nomunye umzamo, kulokhu bekuyigciwane elibizwa nge-Elk Cloner. Njengeqiniso elithakazelisayo, singasho ukuthi lelo gciwane, elikwazile ukushiya elabhoratri lapho lalakhiwe khona, laliwumphumela wehlaya phakathi kwabangane.
Kodwa-ke, kwaze kwaba yiminyaka eminingana lapho imininingwane yokuqala yezobuchwepheshe eyayisekela ukwakheka kwamagciwane ekhompyutha yethulwa. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho ukudala okwalandelwa kwezinhlelo ezinamakhodi ezinonya kwanikezwa isikweletu.
Ekugcineni, kusukela kuleyo miboniso yokuqala yezobuchwepheshe sidlulela kumagciwane esaziyo namuhla. Mayelana nalokhu, singasho ukuthi ayanda futhi ayabulala maqondana nokusebenza kwamakhompyutha.
Ukulimala okubangelwa amagciwane
Ubukhulu bomonakalo odalwe amagciwane buxhomeke kakhulu kubukhulu bawo. Kodwa-ke, ngokujwayelekile, singasho ukuthi igciwane liyakwazi ukusula lonke ulwazi oluqukethwe kukhompyutha, luvimbe imisebenzi noma izinhlelo zohlelo lokusebenza, luphike ukufinyelela kwemishini, phakathi kwabanye.
Ngokwengeziwe, ngikumema ukuthi ubuke le vidiyo elandelayo lapho uzothola khona imininingwane ephathelene nokuvela kwamagciwane ekhompyutha.
Ukuphepha kwekhompyutha
Ngokuvamile, ukuphepha kwamakhompiyutha kubhekele ukunciphisa izingcuphe ezihlobene nolwazi, abasebenzisi nengqalasizinda yohlelo lwekhompyutha. Kodwa-ke, ngokuya ngesihloko esiseduze, sizogxila kuphela ebucayini obuhambisana nolwazi olukukhompyutha.
Ngale ndlela, lapho sikhuluma nge susa igciwane ku-PC ngaphandle kokufomatha, sikhuluma ngendlela yokunciphisa ubungozi obudala ukulahleka kolwazi. Ngenxa yalokho, izenzo esizozichaza zihambelana nendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwayo.
Ngabe amakhompyutha atheleleka kanjani?
Enye yezimbangela zokuqala zokutheleleka ngegciwane kumakhompyutha ukungabikho kwamaphasiwedi noma, kunalokho, ubuthakathaka bawo. Mayelana nalokhu, kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokhiye ababalulekile: eyodwa ukufinyelela i-BIOS, eyodwa ukufinyelela kuhlelo lokusebenza kanye ne-screensaver sohlelo lokusebenza.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umthetho olandelwayo weNetBIOS ungenye into edala amagciwane, ngoba yize ingabonakali, ngokuvamile ixhunywe ethekwini 139. Ngale ndlela, kungenzeka ukuthi igciwane lingene kwikhompyutha lapho sabelana ngamafayela nabaphrinta ku ngale ndlela, ngokusebenzisa i-Intanethi.
Amagciwane ahamba ngokuyinhloko nge-webmail.
Ngokwengeziwe, sinamagciwane avela kuma-imeyili, ikakhulukazi lawo avela kwi-Web mail, angathembeki kakhulu futhi avikelekile. Mayelana nalokhu, kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi ukwephulwa okuningi kwezokuphepha okuhlobene nalo mqondo kwenzeka ngokungena ngemibuzo yokuphepha.
Ngokufanayo, lapho ikhompyutha ingenazo izihlungi ze-antispam, amathuba okutheleleka ngegciwane ayanda. Kwenzeka okufanayo lapho i-antivirus yekhompyutha isiphelelwe yisikhathi noma ingalifanele uhlobo ngalunye lwegciwane.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umthombo oqinile wokutheleleka ngegciwane wenziwa ngamayunithi wokugcina imininingwane, aqondwa njengamadrayivu aqinile, amapeni okushayela, phakathi kwabanye. Ngendlela efanayo, ukuxhumana kwe-Bluetooth nohlobo lwe-WiFi kunikela kakhulu ekutheni kungenzeka ukuthi okokusebenza kwethu kugcine kungenwe amagciwane.
Kusho ukuthini ukususa ama-PC virus ngaphandle kokufometha?
Njengoba sishilo, susa igciwane ku-PC ngaphandle kokufomatha kuyindlela yokunciphisa ubungozi; noma kunjalo, futhi kuyindlela yokuthola ukungena ngaphakathi. Mayelana nalokhu, inhloso eyinhloko yale ndlela ukuthola iphuzu ngqo lapho kwenzeka khona ukuhlaselwa, kanye nokuhlonza zonke izinhlobo zomsebenzi ezithathwa njengezisolisayo.
Ngalo mthambo ofanayo, kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi ukungena kungenziwa isenzo esingekho emthethweni noma isenzo esenziwa ngokumelene nanoma iyiphi insiza yohlelo lwekhompyutha. Mayelana nalokhu, ezimweni eziningi, le misebenzi ithathwa njengokungathembeki futhi ayinalo uhlobo lokugunyazwa.
Ungawasusa kanjani amagciwane ku-PC ngaphandle kokufometha?
Njengoba sibonile, amagciwane athelela amakhompyutha ethu angavela ezimbangela ezahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi kunezindlela eziningi zokuqeda ama-PC virus ngaphandle kokufomatha, phakathi kwazo sinokulandelayo:
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-antivirus nama-anti Trojans
Impela into yokuqala efika engqondweni lapho sicabanga ngayo susa igciwane ku-PC ngaphandle kokufomatha, ukusebenzisa i-antivirus esebenza kahle. Kodwa-ke, bambalwa abantu abaziyo ukuthi kungcono ukufaka izinhlobo ezimbili zazo, inqobo nje uma zingangqubuzani phakathi kwabo.
Kubalulekile ukuba negciwane elisebenza kahle futhi elisesikhathini.
Ngale ndlela, i-antivirus eyodwa inakekela ukuskena okuvamile kanye nokutholwa kwamagciwane okuthiwa alele. Ngenxa yalokho, kungenzeka ukuthi amagciwane aqedwe, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ayakwazi ukuguqula nokuhlasela i-antivirus uqobo.
Uma kunjalo, indlela ephumelelayo yokwenza susa igciwane ku-PC ngaphandle kokufomatha Kungaleso sikhathi lapho ibhuthi yekhompyutha ikumodi ephephile enenethiwekhi. Ngale ndlela, singenza ukuskena okujulile kusuka kuwebhu, sinciphise ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi igciwane lingene kwesinye module esibalulekile kukhompyutha.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, njengoba nje besibheke isisombululo sokuqeda ama-virus, kufanele sicabange ngendlela engcono yokubulala amaTrojans. Ngakho-ke, into eluleka kakhulu ukufaka uhlelo olukhethekile ekutholeni ikhodi enonya; noma kunjalo, i-firewall nayo ibalulekile.
Mayelana nalokhu, i-firewall uhlobo lwe-blocker ebonakalayo emi phakathi kwekhompyutha nenethiwekhi. Ngale ndlela, lapho iTrojan ikwazi ukungatholakali, udonga olubonakalayo luphethe ukukhawulela ukufinyelela kwalo okungenzeka.
Ukususwa kwegciwane lesandla, ngaphandle kwe-antivirus
Empeleni, akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuba ne-antivirus ngesikhathi esifanele noma, kwezinye izimo, leyo esinayo isiphelelwe isikhathi. Ngale ndlela, uma kunjalo, akumele silahlekelwe izingqondo zethu, ngoba singawaqeda ngesandla amagciwane e-PC ngaphandle kokufomatha.
Khipha ukususwa kwegciwane.
Ngakho-ke, imfuneko kuphela esiyidingayo ukuthi sibe nolwazi oluyisisekelo lwekhompyutha nokubekezela okuncane, ngoba ama-virus noma i-malware ijwayele ukuvela ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukahlukene. Manje, uma sesikushilo lokho, manje sizochaza inqubo ezolandelwa.
Okokuqala, kufanele sikhombe lapho kunegciwane elingene kwikhompyutha yethu. Ukuze senze lokhu, sibheka ukubhaliswa kokufakwa kohlelo, okuvame ukuguqulwa ngokuzenzakalela njalo lapho i-malware isebenza kukhompyutha yethu.
Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa umyalo we-Logo Win + R, ovula ibhokisi elihambelana ne-Run. Okulandelayo, sibhala: msconfig bese ucindezela ukhiye we-Enter.
Iwindi elilandelayo lisikhombisa uhlu olunazo zonke izinhlelo, izinhlelo kanye nezinsizakalo ezenziwa ngokuzenzakalela njalo lapho kuqala ikhompyutha. Ngale ndlela, ngaphakathi kwezinketho ezihlobene nezinsizakalo esiqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona yini igama elibonakala lisolisa kithi.
Mayelana nalokhu, uma kunjalo, sikopisha bese sinamathisela igama kubha yokusesha ye-Google, ngethemba lokuthi likhomba njengegciwane noma njengensizakalo ejwayelekile yohlelo. Esimweni sokuqala, into elandelayo ukukhubaza inketho yokuqala okuzenzakalelayo.
Ekugcineni, enye indlela esebenzayo ukuya kuSystem Task Manager bese ngaphakathi kwayo umise ukwenziwa kwenqubo. Kodwa-ke, ngokwesimo segciwane, lezi zenzo zingahle zinganeli, uma kunjalo, kufanele siqale kabusha ikhompyutha ngemodi ephephile.
Ukususwa kwamafayela anegciwane
Ngokuvamile, amanye amagciwane enzelwe ukuthi angabonakali lapho eseshwa ngesandla. Mayelana nalokhu, lolu hlobo lwefayela lungadidaniswa nefayela elifihliwe noma nolunye lohlelo.
Susa inkinga empandeni.
Uma kunjalo, inketho esinayo ukuya ku-Windows Explorer bese ubheka kwimenyu yenketho ehambelana namathuluzi. Lapho sesifikile, siya Izinketho zeFolda bese uchofoza lapho ithi Khombisa amafayela namafolda afihliwe.
Okulandelayo, sisusa ukumaka ibhokisi elibizwa ngokuthi: Fihla amafayela avikelwe ohlelweni. Kamuva, singasesha ifayela elithelelekile ngendlela ejwayelekile size silisuse, siqiniseke ukuthi silisusa emgqonyeni wokuphinda usebenzise kabusha.
Usebenzisa iMicrosoft Defender
Akuyona imfihlo kunoma ngubani ukuthi uhlelo olusetshenziswa kakhulu kumakhompyutha wakho yiMicrosoft Windows. Ngale ndlela, akumangazi ukuthi inketho yethu yokugcina yokususa amagciwane ku-PC ngaphandle kokufomatha iyisivikeli seMicrosoft.
Uhlelo lokuvikela nokuphepha kwedatha lweWindows.
Kulokhu, sinokuthi iMicrosoft Defender ngokusobala iyithuluzi lokuvikela idatha, elibhekele ukuthola nokuhlukanisa noma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-spyware. Ngamanye amagama, uhlelo lwe-antivirus, kanye ne-antispyware, efakwe ngokuzenzakalela kuzinguqulo zakamuva zeWindows.
Ngaphezu kwemisebenzi yayo ejwayelekile njengohlelo lwezokuphepha, iMicrosoft Defender inikeza umsebenzisi ithuba lokwazisa nganoma isiphi isongo se-spyware. Ngendlela yokuthi impendulo ngokushesha ngohlelo ukufakwa kwazo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza kanye nabashayeli bedivayisi okudingekayo ukuvimbela ngokuzenzakalela ukuhlaselwa okushiwo.
Izici ze-Microsoft Defender
Ngokuvamile, iMicrosoft Defender iyithuluzi elenza imisebenzi eminingi eliqinisekisa ukuphepha kwedatha ngokunikela ngezinsizakalo ezithile. Mayelana nalokhu, lokhu kungathathwa njengezimpawu zayo eziyinhloko: Ukuhlaziywa kokuvikela ngokushesha, ukuhambisana ne-Internet Explorer kanye nokwakhiwa kwesoftware yokuhlola.
Ngokufanayo, kuvidiyo elandelayo ungafunda kancane ngezinzuzo zeMicrosoft Defender.
https://youtu.be/zdxzHX16gWQ?t=2
Singabona kanjani ukuthi i-PC yethu itheleleke ngamagciwane?
Njengomphumela wendlela yokuthola ukungena kwe-intrusion esisanda kuyisho, sinezindlela ezintathu eziyisisekelo zokubona ukuthi ikhompyutha yethu itheleleke ngamagciwane. Ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe, lokhu kungachazwa ngokulandelayo:
Ukubuyekezwa kwephethini yokufinyelela
Ukubuyekezwa kwephethini yokufinyelela kuqukethe ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwezikhathi zokungena ngemvume komsebenzisi ohlelweni. Ngendlela yokuthi sikwazi ukubona ukuthi ukufinyelela kutholakala njalo ngasikhathi sinye, noma uma kungumsebenzisi ofanayo njalo ethola imodyuli efanayo noma insizakalo.
Ukubuyekezwa kokuthengiselana
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukubuyekezwa kokuthengiselana kubhekisa ekukhonjweni kwefayela elizamile ukulayishwa noma ukulanda kaninginingi ngesikhathi senani lokufinyelela okungajwayelekile okutholakele. Ngamanye amagama, uma inhloso yomhlaseli kungukukhuphuka noma, kunalokho, ebe imininingwane ethile, kujwayelekile ukuthi benze imizamo eminingi ngaphambi kokukufeza, ngaleyo ndlela badalule inhloso yabo.
Ilokhi ezenzakalelayo
Ukukhiya okuzenzakalelayo isigaba sokugcina sendlela yokuthola ukungena ngaphakathi. Lokhu ngokuyisisekelo kubhekise ekusebenzeni kohlelo lokuvimbela izimo eziphuthumayo, oluvimbela umvuthwandaba wokuhlaselwa kwamakhompiyutha esibhekene nakho.
Uma ikhompyutha yakho ihamba kancane, iba yiqhwa yodwa, noma iziphatha ngendlela exakile. impela itheleleke ngamagciwane.
Ekugcineni, kunezimpawu ezisobala zokutheleleka ngegciwane lapho ikhompyutha iqala ngokuziphatha ngokuzumayo. Ngakho-ke, ukubambezeleka kokusebenza kwekhompyutha, ukuvela kwamawindi we-pop-up ngokuzimela, ukungakwazi ukufinyelela i-akhawunti yethu, phakathi kokunye, kuyizimpawu zokuba khona kwamagciwane ekhompyutha.
Izincomo ezijwayelekile
Ngokuhambisana nakho konke okushiwo ngenhla, sinesibindi sokwenza uchungechunge lwezincomo zokugcina. Phakathi kwabo, okulandelayo:
Indlela engcono yokuvikela ukutheleleka ngegciwane ukuhambisana nemithetho yokuphepha kwikhompyutha.
Faka eyodwa yalawa ma-antiviruses amabili: i-Karpersky noma i-NOD 32, okuthi yize yakhelwe ukuhlasela amagciwane ajwayelekile, ngandlela thile nayo ingaphikisana nemiphumela yamanye amaTrojans. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi sinohlelo lweqiniso lokulwa namasheya, okungase kube yi-The Cleaner.
Ngokwengeziwe, uma sisebenzisa inketho yokwenza ukuskena okuvela kuwebhu, iPanda ingenye yezindlela zethu ezinhle kakhulu kulokhu. Noma kunjalo, ungakhetha noma yiluphi olunye uhlelo oluvumelana nezidingo zakho.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amathuluzi we-antispam; ngendlela yokuthi zivimbele ukwamukelwa kwama-imeyili angafuneki, okuvamise ukuba yizithwali zamagciwane abucayi. Ngokwengeziwe, kufanele sikujwayele ukuvikela yonke imininingwane yethu ebucayi, ukuze abangena ngaphakathi bangakwazi ukuyithola.
Ekugcineni, ngikumema ukuba ufunde indatshana yethu ebizwa ngokuthi: Izindinganiso zokuphepha kwekhompyutha kuwebhu, lapho uzothola khona yonke imininingwane ephathelene nezinhlobo zamagciwane ekhompyutha nokunye okuningi.